,,iii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,res4 #ceh  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #ca1 #bjbe,mr4  
,m>key 7= himself & ,ms4 ,w>r57 submitt$
 ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,relations         
,,resolution  ,honor+ ! life ( ,dr4     
,paul ,f>m] by recogniz+ ! duty ( !     
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to adopt a #ba/ c5tury 
global heal? solid>ity /rategy & take   
actions to address pa/ & ongo+ h>ms t   
und]m9e ! heal? & well-be+ ( p ar\nd !  
_w4  ,:]eas ,dr4 ,paul ,f>m]1 :o pione]$
 novel community-bas$ /rategies = !     
deliv]y ( high-quality heal? c>e 9      
impov]i%$ sett+s1 inspir$ a p>adigmatic 
%ift 9 global heal?1 includ+ inspir+    
robu/ ,unit$ ,/ates lead]%ip to address 
! global ,,hiv_/,,aids epidemic 9 ! e>ly
 #bjjjs ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates           
,presid5t's ,em]g5cy ,plan = ,,aids     
,relief & ! ,global ,fund to ,fight     
,,aids1 ,tub]culosis1 & ,mal>ia2 ,:]eas1
 9 spite ( progress made 9 global heal?1
 weak heal? sy/ems cont9ue to cause     

millions ( p1 prim>ily ! global poor1 to
 die tragic & unnecess>y dea?s1         
includ+-- 7#a7 annually1 approximately--
 7,a7 #fhj1jjj dea?s f ,,hiv_/,,aids2   
7,b7 #a1ejj1jjj dea?s f tub]culosis2    
7,c7 #fbg1jjj dea?s f mal>ia2  7,d7     
#bie1jjj dea?s ( mo!rs dur+ & foll[+    
pregnancy & *ildbir?2  7,e7 #i1efj1jjj  
dea?s among *ildr5 "u ! age ( #ae2 &    
7,f7 #efj1jjj dea?s ( *ildr5 & "y       
adults1 liv+ among ! poore/ billion p 9 
! _w1 f non-communicable diseases &     
injuries2 &  7#b7 a ,,s>s-,co,v-#b      
case-fatality rate ( up to #cjj p]c5t   
great] 9 l[-income c\ntries ?an 9       
high-income c\ntries dur+ ! fir/ #b ye>s
 ( ! ,,covid-#ai p&emic2 ,:]eas progress
 aga9/ unnecess>y dea?s 9 impov]i%$     
c\ntries is be+ made1 b progress is     
occurr+ s sl[ly t-- 7#a7 bas$ on rates (
 decl9e f #bjac to #bjbb1 x w take      
approximately a c5tury = core mortality 
/ati/ics 9 l[-income c\ntries to conv]ge
 ) ^? ( high-income c\ntries1 includ+-- 
7,a7 #ib ye>s = ! tub]culosis dea? rate2

  7,b7 #aji ye>s = ! mat]nal mortality  
rate2 &  7,c7 #hh ye>s = ! "u-#ae *ild  
mortality rate2 &  7#b7 ! dea? rate 9   
l[- & middle-income c\ntries f          
non-communicable diseases & injuries1   
:i* make up #dj to #fj p]c5t ( ! disease
 burd5 ( ^? c\ntries1 w nev] conv]ge ) t
 ( high-income c\ntries bas$ on rates ( 
r$uction f #bjac to #bjbb2 ,:]eas weak  
heal? sy/ems t fail to prev5t unnecess>y
 dea?s also lack ! /aff1 heal? facility 
infra/ructure1 & m$ical te*nologies     
requir$ = effective c>e deliv]y &       
disease conta9m5t1 plac+ all c\ntries at
 increas$ risk ( p&emic disease2 ,:]eas 
ess5tial m$ical te*nologies1 su* z      
diagno/ics1 treatm5ts1 & vacc9es =      
diseases t affect ! global poor1 are    
frequ5tly unavailable or inaccessible to
 heal? sy/ems 9 develop+ c\ntries1      
because-- 7#a7 inve/+ 9 rese>* &        
developm5t ( te*nologies = diseases t   
disproportionately affect ! global poor 
is (t5 unpr(itable = ph>maceutical      
corporations2  7#b7 co/ly intellectual  

prop]ty lic5s+ fees f orig9ator         
companies to g5]ic manufactur]s         
frequ5tly leave ! global poor unable to 
pur*ase or access m$ical te*nologies2 & 
7#c7 orig9ator te*nology companies (t5  
refuse to %>e or lic5se intellectual    
prop]ty to g5]ic manufactur]s1 :i*      
results 9 limit$ supply & high prices1 z
 0 ! case ) ! ,,covid-#ai vacc9e2       
,:]eas1 accord+ to ! ,lancet ,commission
 on ,inve/+ 9 ,heal?1 prev5t+ mo/       
av]table dea?s & conf]r+ ess5tial       
univ]sal heal? cov]age 9 l[- &          
l[]-middle income c\ntries requires an  
increase 9 annual heal? sy/ems res\rces 
9 ^? c\ntries ( #ge1jjj1jjj1jjj &       
#bic1jjj1jjj1jjj 79 ,unit$ ,/ates doll>s
 z ( #bjaf71 respectively2 ,:]eas1      
hi/orically1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & o!r      
global ,nor?-support$ global heal?      
programs h inadv]t5tly entr5*$ /&>ds (  
c>e 9 l[-income c\ntries t w\ld be      
unacceptable 9 ri* c\ntries by fund+    
only heal? s]vices n>r[ly def9$ z       
su/a9able1 co/-effective1 or appropriate

 9 poor sett+s2 ,:]eas ! effectiv5ess & 
effici5cy ( curr5t ,unit$ ,/ates ov]seas
 developm5t assi/ance = heal? is (t5    
und]m9$ by-- 7#a7 misalignm5t ) !       
national heal? plans ( ! ho/ c\ntry2    
7#b7 bypass+ deliv]y sy/ems ) p>allel   
inputs1 lead+ to-- 7,a7 fragm5tation (  
c>e deliv]y2  7,b7 poor donor           
coord9ation across p>tn]s2 &  7,c7 weak 
heal? sy/ems2  7#c7 favor+ te*nical     
assi/ance f consultants f high-income   
c\ntries1 especially ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
ov] fund+ heal? s]vice deliv]y 9        
b5efici>y c\ntries2 &  7#d7 promot+     
privatization ( heal? s]vices1 :i*      
weak5s-- 7,a7 ! public heal? sy/em2     
7,b7 heal? c>e access2  7,c7 heal?      
equity2 &  7,d7 f9ancial risk           
protection2  ,:]eas #ih p]c5t ( ! annual
 #a1ejj1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 heal? sp5d+ 9     
aid-eligible l[- & middle-income        
c\ntries is mobiliz$ dome/ically by !   
c\ntries !mselves1 & only #b p]c5t ( ?is
 sp5d+ comes f ov]seas developm5t       
assi/ance = heal?2 ,:]eas _m ( ! poore/ 

develop+ c\ntries lack ! tax capacity to
 mobilize ! necess>y res\rces to close !
 univ]sal heal? cov]age f9anc+ gap1     
mean+ unnecess>y dea?s w cont9ue 9 !    
poore/ develop+ c\ntries = ! =eseeable  
future )\t ext]nal donor f9anc+ or      
dramatic increases 9 dome/ic tax        
capacity2 ,:]eas ! inability ( _m ( !   
poore/ develop+ c\ntries to fully close 
! f9anc+ gap = univ]sal heal? cov]age & 
! provision ( num]\s o!r public goods & 
s]vices is 9 "p due to ! intimate       
economic l9ks betwe5 ^? c\ntries &      
high-income c\ntries1 includ+ ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 :i* h be5 m>k$ ?r\gh\t hi/ory by
 acts ( viol5ce & co]cion2 ,:]eas ^!    
h>ms h entr5*$ a global economic        
ar*itecture ( upw>d weal? r$i/ribution t
 has result$ 9-- 7#a7 depress$ wages (  
work]s & artificially l[ prices (       
natural res\rces 9 develop+ c\ntries1   
am\nt+ to an appropriation ( t5s (      
billions ( tons ( raw mat]ials & hundr$s
 ( billions ( h\rs ( human labor ?r\gh  
unequal ex*ange2  7#b7 #c1ejj1jjj1jjj p 

liv+ "u ! pov]ty l9e ( #e4ej f #aiic to 
#bjbc1 ev5 z global gross dome/ic       
product has m ?an tripl$ 9 size dur+ ?is
 "t2  7#c7 m f9ancial res\rces fl[+ out 
( develop+ c\ntries ?an into develop+   
c\ntries ea* ye>1 e/imat$ by ,global    
,f9ancial ,integrity to total a net     
negative ( #b1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj annually 9
 #bjab2 &  7#d7 develop+ c\ntries be>+  
ne>ly all dea?s & ! va/ majority (      
economic losses attributable to climate 
*ange1 despite ri* c\ntries be>+ #ib    
p]c5t ( ! responsibility = climate      
*ange2 ,:]eas lead]%ip f ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 to close ! f9anc+ gaps = ess5tial      
univ]sal heal? cov]age 9 l[- &          
l[]-middle income c\ntries c\ld         
precipitate increas$ global heal? f9anc+
 f o!r donor p>tn]s1 z evid5c$ by ,unit$
 ,/ates lead]%ip t address$ !           
,,hiv_/,,aids epidemic 9 ! e>ly #bjjjs1 
:i* spurr$ a #ajj-p]c5t increase 9      
global ov]seas developm5t assi/ance     
among all donor p>tn]s f #bjjj to #bjjf2
 ,:]eas (ficial ,unit$ ,/ates developm5t

 assi/ance to l[]-middle income c\ntries
 is n a supplem5t = ,unit$ ,/ates action
 to /op ongo+ /ructural viol5ce &       
economic inju/ices prev5t+ c\ntries f   
f9anc+ & deliv]+ univ]sal heal? c>e &   
o!r social s]vices = _! populations2 &  
,:]eas x is ! view ( ! ,s5ate t creat+ a
 dec5t1 humane _w )\t tragic1 unnecess>y
 dea?s requires bo? a mode/ b mean+ful  
increase 9 global heal? aid fund+ & a   
mean+ful ef=t to /op ! economic abuse ( 
l[- & middle-income c\ntries3 ,n[1      
!re=e1 be x ,t x is ! s5se ( ! ,s5ate   
t-- 7#a7 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %\ld adopt a
 new1 #ba/ c5tury global heal? solid>ity
 /rategy to end m$ically unnecess>y     
dea?s & respond to ! full burd5 (       
disease 9 poor c\ntries by-- 7,a7       
support+ develop+ c\ntries to meet !    
mat]ial ne$s ( _! heal? sy/ems by       
localiz+ inve/m5ts 9 support ( national 
public-sector & local priorities1 ref]r$
 to z accompanim5t by ,dr4 ,paul ,f>m]1 
& deliv]$ ?r\gh :at ,dr4 ,paul ,f>m]    
call$ ! ,five ,s's1 :i* ref]s to-- 7i7  

/aff1 mean+ ! human res\rces necess>y = 
high-quality s]vice deliv]y1 includ+    
cl9ical /aff1 transportation teams1 &   
community heal? work]s1 especially by-- 
7,i7 support+ long-t]m tra9+ & education
 sy/ems1 includ+ m$ical s*ools & tea*+  
hospitals to tra9 ! heal? work=ce &     
improve ! quality ( c>e across diseases2
 &  7,,ii7 support+ pr(essionaliz$      
community heal? work] programs :]eby    
community heal? work]s are recruit$1    
adequately comp5sat$1 compreh5sively    
tra9$1 support$ = long-t]m ret5tion1    
position$ z bridges to c>e1 & task$ )   
und]tak+ community "w ) appropriate     
pati5t ratios & a manageable scope ( "w2
  7ii7 space1 mean+ ! infra/ructure ne$$
 = s]vice deliv]y at prim>y1 second>y1 &
 t]ti>y levels to deliv] safe &         
high-quality c>e to meet all heal? c>e  
ne$s2  7iii7 /uff1 mean+ ! tools &      
res\rces necess>y = high-quality c>e    
provision1 includ+ m$ical supplies1     
te*nologies1 & equipm5t2  7iv7 sy/ems1  
mean+ ! lead]%ip & gov]nance1 heal?     

in=mation sy/ems1 supply *a9 sy/ems1    
logi/ics1 laboratory capacity1 & ref]ral
 pa?ways requir$ to meet ! heal? ne$s ( 
! population2 &  7v7 social support1    
mean+ ! res\rces ne$$1 beyond ! direct  
deliv]y ( heal? c>e1 to ensure effective
 c>e2 &  7,b7 f9anc+ ! discov]y &       
developm5t ( new1 urg5tly ne$$ heal?    
te*nologies1 su* z diagno/ics1          
treatm5ts1 & vacc9es1 p>ticul>ly =      
neglect$ diseases ( pov]ty1 & ensur+ _! 
availability z global public goods2     
7#b7 ! objectives ( adopt+ a #ba/ c5tury
 global heal? solid>ity /rategy to end  
m$ically unnecess>y dea?s & respond+ to 
! full burd5 ( disease 9 poor c\ntries w
 require-- 7,a7 increas+ annual global  
heal? sp5d+ to #abe1jjj1jjj1jjj1        
suffici5t-- 7i7 = ! fir/ "t1 to meet !  
,unit$ ,nations developm5t assi/ance    
t>get ( sp5d+ ! equival5t ( #j4g p]c5t  
gross national income on developm5t     
assi/ance1 :i* #f o!r c\ntries h        
previ\sly met2 &  7ii7 to close ov] #ajj
 p]c5t ( ! ess5tial univ]sal heal?      

cov]age f9anc+ gap = l[-income c\ntries1
 & #cj p]c5t ( ! ov]all f9anc+ gap = l[-
 & l[]-middle income c\ntries2  7,b7    
optimiz+ global heal? deliv]y sp5d+ by--
 7i7 introduc+ a new =m ( coord9at$1    
multilat]al fiscal coop]ation = global  
public inve/m5t t-- 7,i7 ensures        
increas$ & ongo+ global public fund+ (  
common goods = heal?2 &  7,,ii7 exhibits
 %>$ gov]nance ) global ,s\? gov]nm5ts &
 mean+ful p>ticipation ( civil society1 
:i* is also ess5tial = address+         
int]sectional crises ( social           
inequalities includ+ ! climate crisis2 &
  7ii7 ensur+ fund+ directly supports   
national heal? plans1 public            
in/itutions1 local priorities1 & donor  
coord9ation1 practices align$ ) :at ,dr4
 ,paul ,f>m] call$ accompanim5t2  7,c7  
focus+ on heal? s]vice deliv]y =        
vuln]able populations1 su* z-- 7i7 p    
liv+ 9 pov]ty2  7ii7 wom52 &  7iii7     
*ildr52 &  7,d7 optimiz+ rese>* &       
developm5t sp5d+ = neglect$ diseases (  
pov]ty by ensur+ ! k & te*nology produc$

 by ^! ef=ts rema9s accessible to all z 
global public goods2  7#c7 ! ,f$]al     
,gov]nm5t %\ld pass & en=ce laws & use  
its diplomatic influ5ce to /op ongo+    
economic h>ms to develop+ c\ntries t    
deplete impov]i%$ c\ntries ( ! res\rces 
requir$ to provide heal? & social       
s]vices = _! populations by-- 7,a7      
support+ debt cancellation initiatives =
 l[- & middle-income c\ntries1          
p>ticul>ly c\ntries 9 ne$ ( debt        
cancellation1 across bilat]al1          
multilat]al1 & private cr$itors2  7,b7  
democratiz+ in/itutions ( global        
gov]nance1 su* z ! ,int]national        
,monet>y ,fund1 ! ,_w ,bank1 & ! ,_w    
,trade ,organization1 to ensure fair &  
equal repres5tation among memb] c\ntries
 s t l[- & middle-income c\ntries c h   
great] decisionmak+ p[] 9 ! creation (  
policies t affect !m2  7,c7 support+ a  
,unit$ ,nations ,conv5tion on ,tax & o!r
 measures to dramatically r$uce tax     
avoidance1 tax evasion1 & o!r =ms (     
h>mful licit & illicit f9ancial fl[s f  

develop+ c\ntries ?r\gh fundam5tal re=m 
( int]national tax coop]ation2  7,d7    
support+ global labor rights & liv+     
wages1 su* z a global m9imum wage set at
 local liv+-income ?re%olds2 &  7,e7    
adopt+ new indicators ( progress t      
measure social & ecological heal? &     
ab&on gross dome/ic product z a measure 
( progress2 &  7#d7 x is ! duty ( !     
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to issue rep>ations1   
conta9+ multiple elem5ts1 includ+       
apology1 aw>d1 & gu>antees (            
non-repetition ( h>ms1 =-- 7,a7 !       
in/itution ( slav]y1 ! subsequ5t racial 
& economic discrim9ation aga9/ ,african 
,am]icans t result$ f ! in/itution (    
slav]y1 & ! impact ( ^! =ces on liv+    
,african ,am]icans1 foll[+ ! e/abli%m5t 
( a commission sub/antively simil> to ! 
commission e/abli%$ "u ! ,commission to 
,/udy ,rep>ation ,proposals = ,african  
,am]icans ,act1 ,h4,r4 #dj1 z introduc$ 
on ,janu>y #d1 #bjba2  7,b7 ! h>ms (    
colonialism & subsequ5t =ms (           
imp]ialism1 :i* h und]m9$ sov]eignty1   

democracy1 self-det]m9ation1 social &   
economic rights1 & human & ecological   
well-be+ 9 bo? ! colonial & po/-colonial
 eras2 &  7,c7 ! disproportionate       
responsibility ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t =   
climate breakd[n1 ! burd5 ( :i* unju/ly 
& ov]:elm+ly falls on ! global ,s\?4