,,iii #aai? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #cbc ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,july #af1 #bjbe,mr4 ,m>key 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,wel*1 ,mr4 ,s&]s1 & ,mr4 ,van ,holl57 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ,,resolution ,urg+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates to lead a global ef=t to halt & rev]se ! nucle> arms race4 ,:]eas1 s9ce ! height ( ! ,cold ,w>1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,russian ,f$]ation h dismantl$ m ?an #ej1jjj nucle> w>heads1 b approximately #ab1jjj nucle> weapons /ill exi/ & pose an intol]able risk to human survival2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 :i* possess an e/imat$ #ie p]c5t ( nucle> weapons1 h a special responsibility to meet _! obligations "u ,article ,,vi ( ! ,treaty on ! ,non-,prolif]ation ( ,nucle> ,weapons1 done at ,wa%+ton1 ,london1 & ,mosc[ ,july #a1 #aifh 7#ba ,,u/ #dhc7 to pursue negotiations 9 good fai? on effective measures relat+ to cessation ( ! nucle> arms race at an e>ly date & to nucle> dis>mam5t1 & on a treaty on g5]al & complete dis>mam5t "u /rict & effective int]national control2 ,:]eas ,presid5t ,ronald ,reagan said1 9 8 ,janu>y #aihd ,/ate ( ! ,union ,address1 ,a nucle> w> _c be won & mu/ nev] be f\ght4 ,! only value 9 our two nations possess+ nucle> weapons is to make sure !y w nev] be us$4 ,b !n w\ld x n be bett] to d away ) !m entirely82 ,:]eas1 accord+ to sci5tific /udies & models1 ! use ( ev5 a t9y fraction ( nucle> weapons c\ld cause worldwide climate disruption & global fam9e by l(t+ millions ( tons ( soot into ! upp] atmosph]e1 :i* w\ld cause climate disruption across ! planet1 cutt+ food production & putt+ hundr$s ( millions ( p worldwide at risk ( dea? due to fam9e2 ,:]eas1 accord+ to num]\s sci5tific /udies & models1 a l>ge-scale nucle> w> w\ld kill hundr$s ( millions ( p directly & cause unimag9able physical de/ruction & environm5tal damage1 includ+ ev5 m sev]e cata/rophic climate disruption due to l[] temp]atures across ! planet n se5 s9ce ! la/ ice age2 ,:]eas1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! nucle> age1 !re h be5 te*nical miscalculations1 mis9t]pretations ( adv]s>y behavior1 & crises t h caus$ num]\s nucle> ne>-misses t c\ld h l$ to nucle> w>2 ,:]eas ! ,febru>y #bjbb invasion ( ,ukra9e by ! ,russian ,f$]ation & ! repeat$ explicit ?reats ( ! ,kreml9 to use nucle> weapons h significantly increas$ ! risk ( nucle> weapons use2 ,:]eas t5sions else:]e 9 ! _w1 includ+ betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a ov] ,taiwan & ! ,s\? ,*9a ,sea1 ongo+ t5sions betwe5 ,india & ,paki/an1 & ! *ronic security crisis on ! ,korean ,p59sula1 con/itute o!r possible fla%po9ts = nucle> w>2 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #f1 #bjbb1 ,presid5t ,bid5 said1 ,i don't ?9k !re's any su* ?+ z an ability to easily use a tactical nucle> weapon & n end up ) ,armag$don42 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates reta9s a ,cold ,w>-era nucle> decl>atory policy t all[s = ! fir/ use ( nucle> weapons aga9/ non-nucle> ?reats "u extreme circum/ances & reta9s a laun*-"u-attack po/ure t unnecess>ily compresses ,presid5tial decision "t to laun* nucle> weapons )9 m9utes1 !reby creat+ conditions t increase ! risk ( un9t5tional or accid5tal nucle> w>2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjbc1 ! ,congressional ,budget ,(fice 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z ! ,,cbo7 e/imat$ t curr5t plans to mod]nize1 upgrade1 & ma9ta9 ! nucle> =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z describ$ 9 ! fiscal ye> #bjbc budget & support+ docum5ts1 w\ld co/ #gef1jjj1jjj1jjj ov] ! #bjbc-bjcb p]iod1 :i* 0 #abb1jjj1jjj1jjj m ?an ! #bjba ,,cbo e/imate = ! #bjba-bjcj p]iod2 ,:]eas1 9 ,octob] #bjag1 ,,cbo e/imat$ t implem5t+ ! ,nucle> ,mod]nization ,plan1 :i* int5ds to upgrade & enhance ne>ly e elem5t ( ! nucle> ars5al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w\ld result 9 co/s ( m ?an #a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ov] ! foll[+ #cj ye>s1 n adju/+ = inflation2 ,:]eas ,republican & ,democratic adm9i/rations h negotiat$ multiple agreem5ts ) ! ,russian ,f$]ation t h r$uc$ _! total nucle> /ockpiles by m ?an #hj p]c5t s9ce _! ,cold ,w> peaks1 b 9 rec5t ye>s h )drawn f o!r global treaties & agreem5ts t h provid$ global /ability & help$ prev5t ! prolif]ation ( nucle> weapons1 includ+ ! ,treaty ,betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & ! ,union ( ,soviet ,sociali/ ,republics on ! ,elim9ation ( ,_! ,int]m$iate-,range & ,%ort]-,range ,missiles1 sign$ at ,wa%+ton ,decemb] #h1 #aihg 7commonly kn[n z ! ,int]m$iate-,range ,nucle> ,=ces ,treaty72 ,:]eas ! #bjbb ,nucle> ,po/ure ,review /ates t mutual1 v]ifiable nucle> arms control (f]s ! mo/ effective1 durable1 & responsible pa? to r$uce ! role ( nucle> weapons 9 our /rategy & prev5t _! use2 ,:]eas ! ,treaty betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & ! ,russian ,f$]ation on ,measures = ! ,fur!r ,r$uction & ,limitation ( ,/rategic ,(f5sive ,arms1 sign$ at ,prague ,april #h1 #bjaj 7,,tias #aa-bje71 :i* is ! la/ rema9+ treaty limit+ ! size ( ! /rategic nucle> ars5als ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 w expire on ,febru>y #e1 #bjbf1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( agre$ foll[+ con/ra9ts1 ea* side c\ld significantly increase ! numb] ( deploy$ w>heads1 !reby accel]at+ an uncon/ra9$1 co/ly1 & dang]\s global nucle> arms race2 ,:]eas1 on ,july #g1 #bjag1 #abb nations vot$ to adopt ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons1 :i* prohibits ! possession1 use1 te/+1 /ation+1 or transf] ( nucle> weapons & creates an important legal framework = ! elim9ation ( all nucle> weapons & ent]$ into =ce on ,janu>y #bb1 #bjba2 & ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates susp5d$ nucle> explosive te/+ 9 #aiib1 successfully l$ ! negotiation ( ! ,compreh5sive ,nucle>-,te/-,ban ,treaty1 done at ,new ,york ,septemb] #aj1 #aiii1 :i* has be5 sign$ by #ahg c\ntries includ+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! o!r p]man5t memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil1 & has effectively put an end to nucle> te/ explosions1 :i* c be us$ by new] nucle> p[]s ) ! means to prove new w>head designs3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,s5ate calls on ! ,presid5t to-- 7#a7 actively pursue a _w free ( nucle> weapons z a national security imp]ative2 & 7#b7 lead a global ef=t to halt & rev]se a global nucle> arms race & prev5t nucle> w> by-- 7,a7 engag+ 9 good fai? negotiations )-- 7i7 ! o!r #h nucle> arm$ c\ntries to-- 7,i7 halt any fur!r buildup ( nucle> ars5als2 & 7,,ii7 aggressively pursue a v]ifiable & irrev]sible agreem5t or agreem5ts to v]ifiably r$uce & elim9ate _! nucle> ars5als accord+ to negotiat$ timetables2 7ii7 ! ,russian ,f$]ation to pursue & conclude new nucle> arms control & dis>mam5t arrangem5ts ) ! ,russian ,f$]ation to prev5t a buildup ( nucle> =ces beyond curr5t levels2 & 7iii7 ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a on mutual nucle> risk r$uction & arms control measures2 7,b7 lead+ ! ef=t to h all nucle>-arm$ c\ntries r5\nce ! option ( us+ nucle> weapons fir/2 7,c7 implem5t+ effective *ecks & balances on ! sole au?ority ( ! ,presid5t1 z ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 to ord] ! use ( ,unit$ ,/ates nucle> weapons2 7,d7 end+ ! ,cold ,w>-era hair-trigg] al]t po/ure1 :i* increases ! risk ( cata/rophic miscalculation 9 a crisis2 7,e7 end+ plans to produce & deploy new nucle> w>heads & deliv]y sy/ems1 :i* w\ld r$uce ! burd5 on taxpay]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,f7 ma9ta9+ ! de facto global moratorium on nucle> explosive te/+2 7,g7 protect+ communities & work]s affect$ by nucle> weapons by-- 7i7 fully rem$iat+ ! deadly legacy ( environm5tal contam9ation f pa/ & curr5t nucle> weapons te/+1 developm5t1 production1 /orage1 & ma9t5ance activities2 & 7ii7 provid+ heal? monitor+1 comp5sation1 & m$ical c>e to ^? :o h & w be h>m$ by nucle> weapons rese>*1 te/+1 & production1 includ+ ?r\gh an exp&$ program "u ! ,radiation ,exposure ,comp5sation ,act 7,public ,law #aja-dbf2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #bbaj note72 & 7,h7 actively plann+ a j economic transition = ! civilian & milit>y work=ce involv$ 9 ! developm5t1 te/+1 production1 managem5t1 & dismantlem5t ( nucle> weapons & = ! communities t are economically dep5d5t on nucle> weapons laboratories1 production facilities1 & milit>y bases4