,,iii #aai? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #abf ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,m>* #ab1 #bjbe,mr4 ,book] 7= himself & ,mr4 ,r\nds7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ,,resolution ,call+ on ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil to en=ce ! exi/+ arms emb>go on ,d>fur & ext5d x to cov] all ( ,sudan4 ,:]eas ! conflict betwe5 ! ,rapid ,support ,=ces 7,,rsf71 l$ by ,moham$ ,hamdan ,dagalo 7,hem$ti71 & ! ,sudanese ,arm$ ,=ces 7,,saf71 l$ by ,abdel ,fattah al-,burhan1 t began on ,april #ae1 #bjbc1 has result$ 9 t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,sudanese civilian casualties1 & likely m1 #ab1ejj1jjj million p =cibly displac$1 & millions ( ,sudanese p expos$ to unspeakable trauma2 ,:]eas ! viol5ce & g5ocide tak+ place 9 ,sudan aga9/ civilians e*oes ! horrors ( ! g5ocide 9 ! c\ntry's ,d>fur region t began 9 ! e>ly #bjjjs2 ,:]eas1 9 ,july #bjjd1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil adopt$ resolution ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolution #aeef 7#bjjd71 :i* impos$ an arms emb>go aga9/ all non-gov]nm5tal entities & individuals1 includ+ ! ,janjawe$1 op]at+ 9 ,d>fur1 & m&at$ t all /ates %all take ! necess>y measures to prev5t _! nationals or entities op]at+ f _! respective t]ritories or us+ _! flag vessels or aircraft1 f supply+ non-gov]nm5tal entities or individuals op]at+ 9 ,d>fur arms & relat$ mat]iel ( all types1 includ+ weapons & ammunition1 milit>y vehicles & equipm5t1 p>amilit>y equipm5t1 & sp>e p>ts2 ,:]eas1 9 ,m>* #bjje1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil arms emb>go "u ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolution #aeia 7#bjje7 0 exp&$ to include all bellig]5ts 9 ,d>fur1 includ+ ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,sudan2 ,:]eas1 9 ,octob] #bjaj1 ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolution #aide 7#bjaj7 0 adopt$1 :i* /r5g!n$ ! arms emb>go by decid+ t all /ates %all ensure t any sale or supply ( arms & relat$ mat]iel to ,sudan n prohibit$ by ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolutions #aeef 7#bjjd7 & #aeia 7#bjje7 are made conditional ^u ! necess>y end us] docum5tation s t /ates may asc]ta9 t any su* sale or supply is conduct$ consi/5t ) ! measures impos$ by ^? resolutions2 ,:]eas1 on ,septemb] #aa1 #bjbd1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil r5ew$ ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolution #aeef 7#bjjd72 ,:]eas /ate actors & non-/ate actors across ! ,middle ,ea/1 ,africa1 ,asia1 & ,europe are provid+ weapons & mat]ial support to ! ,,rsf & ,,saf = op]ations 9 ,d>fur & across ,sudan2 ,:]eas a ,septemb] #i1 #bjbd1 report f ,human ,rights ,wat* not$ t accord+ to ! ,arms ,trade ,database1 ma9ta9$ by ! ,/ockholm ,int]national ,peace ,rese>* ,in/itute 7,,sipri71 weapons & equipm5t f o!r c\ntries h arriv$ 9 ,sudan betwe5 #bjjd & #bjbc2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #ae1 #bjbd1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,panel ( ,exp]ts on ,sudan pres5t$ cr$ible reports to ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ( newly e/abli%$ supply l9es to ! ,,rsf ?r\gh neighbor+ c\ntries2 ,:]eas !re are cr$ible reports t multiple c\ntries are supply+ weapons & o!r dual-use items to ! ,,saf2 ,:]eas a #bjbd report by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate-affiliat$ ,conflict ,obs]vatory describes regul> c>go plane deliv]ies ( weapons f =eign nations to ! ,,rsf 9 ,d>fur via ,amdj>ass1 ,*ad1 & to ! ,,saf via ,port ,sudan1 ,sudan2 ,:]eas two #bjbd reports by ,amne/y ,int]national & ,human ,rights ,wat* id5tifi$ def5se articles 9 ,sudan1 includ+ #h k9ds ( small arms manufactur$ 9 #f diff]5t =eign c\ntries1 #f k9ds ( unmann$ a]ial vehicles 7,,uav7 manufactur$ 9 #h diff]5t =eign c\ntries1 #e k9ds ( ordnances & projectiles manufactur$ 9 #f diff]5t =eign c\ntries1 & sev]al o!r types ( mat]iel relat$ to weapons manufactur$ 9 #g diff]5t =eign c\ntries1 :i* increase ! le?ality ( ! conflict2 ,:]eas ^! weapons h be5 obs]v$ bo? inside & outside ,d>fur1 includ+ ,g$>ef1 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,kord(an1 ,kh>t\m1 & ,el ,gezira /ate1 all areas t are "u ei!r ,,saf or ,,rsf control & :]e ! fact-f9d+ mission docum5t$ atrocities1 *ild recruitm5t1 heavy %ell+1 or sexual viol5ce2 ,:]eas a ,janu>y #af1 #bjbe1 ,yale ,humanit>ian ,lab report obs]v$ ! prolif]ation ( c>go flights to ,,rsf-controll$ airports1 foll[$ by ext5sive satellite sight+s ( advanc$ ,,uav sy/ems us$ = le?al attacks & surveillance2 ,:]eas ! conflict has l$ to ! p>tial or complete de/ruction ( cities across ,sudan1 includ+ ,el ,g5e9a1 ,el ,fa%]1 ,el ,obeid1 ,kadugli1 ,nyala1 ,wad al-,n\ra1 ,zal+ei1 & ev5 ! capital ,kh>t\m2 ,:]eas "o or bo? p>ties to ! conflict h p>ticipat$ 9 mass atrocities 9 all ( ^! cities2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #ab1 #bjbe1 ! ,,rsf attack$ ! camp = int]nally displac$ p]sons 9 ,zamzam1 ,d>fur1 dropp+ a]ial munitions1 fir+ ^u cr[ds1 kill+ humanit>ian work]s1 sett+ fires1 committ+ atrocities aga9/ camp resid5ts1 & driv+ "s to flee on foot2 ,:]eas ! provision ( armam5ts to ! ,,rsf & ,,saf prolongs ?is conflict & ! ne$less suff]+ among civilians 9 ,sudan2 ,:]eas bo? ! ,,rsf & ,,saf h cont9u$ to use int]net %utd[ns z a tool ( control & repression1 fur!r isolat+ & exac]bat+ ! suff]+ ( civilians & ! ongo+ humanit>ian crisis2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #f1 #bjbc1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,an?ony ,bl9k5 det]m9$ t ! ,,saf & ! ,,rsf h committ$ w> crimes & t ! ,,rsf & its allies h committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity & e?nic cleans+2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #g1 #bjbe1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate det]m9$ t ! ,,rsf is committ+ g5ocide2 ,:]eas1 9 ,janu>y #bjbe1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,treasury sanction$ ,moham$ ,hamdan ,dagalo 7,hem$ti7 & ,abdel ,fattah al-,burhan = de/abiliz+ ,sudan & und]m9+ ! goal ( a democratic transition2 ,:]eas1 9 ,septemb] #bjbd1 ! ,indep5d5t ,int]national ,fact-,f9d+ ,mission = ! ,sudan1 au?oriz$ by ! ,unit$ ,nations ,human ,rights ,c\ncil1 report$ t x _h f\nd reasonable gr\nds to believe t bo? ! ,,saf & ! ,,rsf h committ$ w> crimes & ! ,,rsf & alli$ militias h committ$ crimes aga9/ humanity2 ,:]eas ! fact-f9d+ mission has docum5t$ ! use ( explosives ) wide area effects 9 d5sely populat$ areas1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,kh>t\m & ,d>fur1 t has result$ 9 dea?s1 injuries1 ext5sive de/ruction ( homes1 hospitals1 s*ools & o!r critical infra/ructure1 & ! fact-f9d+ mission has f\nd t ! ,,saf & ! ,,rsf h fail$ to take suffici5t measures to m9imize ! impact ( attacks on civilians2 ,:]eas ! supply & provision ( weapons to p>ties involv$ 9 crimes aga9/ humanity & o!r atrocities c\ld implicate /ate & non-/ate actors supply+ weapons us$ 9 su* atrocities2 ,:]eas1 :ile no reliable fatality figures exi/1 accord+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,special ,envoy = ,sudan1 z _m z #aej1jjj p may h di$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ! w>1 & accord+ to advanc$ /ati/ical e/imates f rese>*]s at ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,hygi5e & ,tropical ,m$ic9e1 at lea/ #fj1jjj p h di$ 9 ,kh>t\m /ate alone2 ,:]eas1 a ,*ol]a outbreak decl>$ 9 ,augu/ #bjbd has g>n]$ m ?an #eej1jjj cases & ov] #a1ejj dea?s across multiple /ates 9 ,sudan2 ,:]eas wom5 & *ildr5 h be5 subject$ to torture & extreme sexual viol5ce 9 ,d>fur1 ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,kord(an1 ,kh>t\m1 & ,el ,gezira /ates2 ,:]eas1 9 ,m>* #bjbe1 ,,unicef reports indicat$ m ?an #bbj cases ( *ild rape s9ce ! />t ( #bjbd2 ,:]eas ! fact-f9d+ mission reports t *ildr5 are be+ =cibly recruit$1 tra9$1 & arm$ by ! ,,saf 9 ,kh>t\m1 ,riv] ,nile1 ,kassala1 ,g$>ef1 ,s5n>1 & ,r$ ,sea /ates1 & by ! ,,rsf 9 ! ,d>fur1 ,kord(an1 & ,kh>t\m /ates2 ,:]eas ! draft resolution conta9$ 9 docum5t ,s_/#bjbd_/hbf1 submitt$ to ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil on ,novemb] #ah1 #bjbd1 by ,si]ra ,leone & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & call+ = a nationwide ceasefire1 increas$ protection ( civilians & ! unh9d]$ fl[ ( humanit>ian aid across ,sudan & g>n]$ support f #ad out ( #ae ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil memb]s2 ,:]eas only "o individual has ev] be5 sanction$ = violat+ ! ,d>fur arms emb>go pursuant to ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil ,resolution #aeia 7#bjje72 & ,:]eas ! fact-f9d+ mission has recomm5d$ t ! ,unit$ ,nations arms emb>go be exp&$ to cov] ! entire c\ntry3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,s5ate-- 7#a7 condemns ! atrocities committ$ by all w>r+ p>ties 9 ,sudan2 7#b7 condemns ! g5ocide by ! ,,rsf & alli$ militias aga9/ ! ,masalit p & o!r non-,arab e?nic gr\ps 9 ,d>fur2 7#c7 calls = an imm$iate end to ! w> & all viol5ce & atrocities 9 ,sudan2 7#d7 calls on ! ,unit$ ,nations ,security ,c\ncil-- 7,a7 to exp& ! ,d>fur arms emb>go to apply to all t]ritory & actors )9 ! int]nationally recogniz$ bord]s ( ,sudan2 7,b7 to exp& ! ,d>fur arms emb>go to include dual-use equipm5t "u ! li/ ( prohibit$ mat]ial2 7,c7 to e/abli% a m /r+5t sanctions en=cem5t regime to ensure actors violat+ ! curr5t ,d>fur arms emb>go are held acc\ntable2 & 7,d7 to e/abli% a me*anism = unfett]$ deliv]y ( humanit>ian aid & a me*anism to protect civilians2 7#e7 calls on ! ,unit$ ,nations ,g5]al ,assembly to pass a resolution t calls = a nationwide ceasefire1 recognizes ! atrocities tak+ place 9 ,sudan1 & calls = a m effective & inclusive arms emb>go on ,sudan1 unfett]$ deliv]y ( humanit>ian aid across ,sudan1 & a me*anism to protect civilians2 & 7#f7 calls on ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t-- 7,a7 to increase support = civil society & local organizations t are monitor+ & docum5t+ atrocities & weapons deliv]ies into ,sudan z well z deliv]+ humanit>ian res\rces to vuln]able communities2 7,b7 to increase & develop improv$ me*anisms = monitor+ & docum5t+ atrocities & weapons supply *a9s into & across ,sudan2 7,c7 to resume fund+ & implem5tation ( ,unit$ ,/ates =eign assi/ance to ! fam9e-/rick5 & w>-torn areas ( ,sudan2 7,d7 to develop me*anisms = psy*osocial support = wom51 m51 & *ildr5 :o are victims ( conflict relat$ sexual viol5ce2 & 7,e7 to press ! ,unit$ ,nations1 ! ,african ,union1 & o!r allies & p>tn]s-- 7i7 to condemn ! atrocities tak+ place 9 ,sudan2 7ii7 to call = a m effective & inclusive arms emb>go on ,sudan2 7iii7 to "w to ensure unfett]$ deliv]y ( humanit>ian aid across ,sudan2 7iv7 to support a me*anism to protect civilians2 7v7 to use _! influ5ce to pressure ! ,,saf & ,,rsf to end ?is conflict2 & 7vi7 to ex]t pressure on ext]nal actors to adh]e to ! arms emb>go 9 ,sudan4