,,iia  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,j4 ,,res4 #f  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,(  
,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,janu>y #bc1       
#bjbe,mr4 ,paul introduc$ ! foll[+ jo9t 
resolution2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations      
,,jo9t ,,resolution  ,direct+ ! removal 
( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f ho/ilities
 9 ,syria t h n be5 au?oriz$ by         
,congress4  ,:]eas ,congress has ! sole 
p[] to decl>e w> "u ! ,w> ,p[]s ,clause 
( section #h ( article ,i ( !           
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas !
 ,au?orization = ,use ( ,milit>y ,=ce   
7,public ,law #ajg-dj2 #ej ,u4,s4,c4    
#aeda note7 aga9/ ! p]petrators ( !     
t]ror attacks on ,septemb] #aa1 #bjja1  
:i* 0 enact$ on ,septemb] #ah1 #bjja1 & 
! ,au?orization = ,use ( ,milit>y ,=ce  
,aga9/ ,iraq ,resolution ( #bjjb        
7,public ,law #ajg-bdc2 #ej ,u4,s4,c4   
#aeda note71 :i* 0 enact$ on ,octob]    
#af1 #bjjb1 d n s]ve z specific /atutory
 au?orizations = ! use ( =ce aga9/      
,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #ai1 #bjbd1 

! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ann\nc$ t !re are 
approximately #b1jjj memb]s ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces deploy$ to ,syria1   
#a1ajj m ?an previ\sly report$2 ,:]eas  
,unit$ ,/ates milit>y op]ations 9 ,syria
 began on ,septemb] #bb1 #bjad1 ov] #ac 
ye>s aft] ! ,septemb] #aa1 #bjja1       
t]rori/ attacks1 ) ,op]ation ,inh]5t    
,resolve t>get+ ! ,islamic ,/ate 9 ,iraq
 & ,syria 7,,isis72 ,:]eas ,unit$ ,/ates
 =ces 9 ,syria h t>get$ num]\s entities1
 includ+ ! ,syrian ,arm$ ,=ces &        
pro-,syrian ,gov]nm5t =ces1 num]\s      
t]rori/ organizations includ+ ,,isis1   
,iran's ,islamic ,revolution>y ,gu>d1   
,iranian-back$ militias1 !              
,russian-back$ ,wagn] private milit>y   
company1 & ! ,arm$ ,=ces ( ,turkey2     
,:]eas1 on ,octob] #cj1 #bjae1 ! ,obama 
adm9i/ration deploy$ boots on ! gr\nd1  
ann\nc+ t up to #ej ,unit$ ,/ates       
special op]ations =ces w\ld be deploy$  
to ,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,april #be1 #bjaf1
 ! ,obama adm9i/ration ann\nc$ t an     
additional #bej ,unit$ ,/ates special   

op]ations =ces w\ld be deploy$ to       
,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #f1 #bjag1 !
 ,p5tagon reveal$ t !re 7 ab\t #b1jjj   
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces    
deploy$ 9 ,syria1 #a1ejj m ?an previ\sly
 report$2 ,:]eas1 s9ce #bjaf1 ,unit$    
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces h t>get$ p]sonnel1   
plat=ms1 & facilities ( ! ,syrian ,arm$ 
,=ces or =ces alli$ ) ! ,gov]nm5t (     
,syria on at lea/ #aa occasions1 includ+
 on ,april #g1 #bjag1 :5 ,unit$ ,/ates  
=ces fir$ #ei ,tomahawk cruise missiles 
at ,%ayrat ,airbase controll$ by !      
,gov]nm5t ( ,syria4 ,syrian gov]nm5t    
(ficials indicat$ ! /rike kill$ #af p1  
includ+ sev5 milit>y p]sonnel2 ,:]eas1  
on ,febru>y #g1 #bjah1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,arm$ ,=ces 9 ,syria kill$ hundr$s (    
,russians :o 7 "p ( ! ,russian-back$    
,wagn] private milit>y company2 ,:]eas1 
on ,april #ab1 #bjah1 ,,cia ,director   
,mike ,pompeo told ! ,committee on      
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate1 ,9 ,syria1
 n[1 a h&ful ( weeks ago1 ! ,russians   
met _! mat*4 ,a c\ple hundr$ ,russians 7

 kill$42 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #ai1 #bjah1
 ,presid5t ,donald ,j4 ,trump ord]$ !   
)drawal ( all ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y =ces
 f ,syria1 a policy t 0 n implem5t$2    
,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #bh1 #bjai1         
,presid5t ,trump decl>$ t #ajj p]c5t ( !
 ,islamic ,/ate caliphate _h be5        
defeat$1 !re=e a*iev+ ! objective (     
,op]ation ,inh]5t ,resolve2 ,:]eas      
,unit$ ,/ates & ,turki% =ces h fir$ on  
"o ano!r 9 ,syria1 z evid5c$ by !       
,p5tagon report+ on ,octob] #aa1 #bjai1 
t ,unit$ ,/ates troops 9 nor!rn ,syria  
came "u artill]y fire f ,turki% arm$    
=ces & =m] ,unit$ ,/ates ,special       
,presid5tial ,envoy = ! anti-,,isis     
coalition ,brett ,mc,gurk /at+1 ,turki% 
=ces h fir$ on a decl>$ ,u4,s4 milit>y  
outpo/ 9 nor!rn ,syria4 ,turkey kn[s all
 ( our locations d[n to ! precise grid  
coord9ate42 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #f1      
#bjai1 ,presid5t ,trump ord]$ ! )drawal 
( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f nor!rn    
,syria2 ,:]eas ,unit$ ,/ates =ces 9     
,syria are regul>ly attack$ by          

,iranian-back$ militias result+ 9       
casualties2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #be1    
#bjba1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces        
conduct$ air/rikes 9 ea/]n ,syria aga9/ 
facilities us$ by ,iran-back$ militias 9
 response to attacks aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates
 & alli$ p]sonnel 9 ,iraq t kill$ a     
,filip9o contractor & injur$ a ,national
 ,gu>dsman & f\r ,unit$ ,/ates          
contractors2 ,:]eas1 on ,june #bg1      
#bjba1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces        
conduct$ air/rikes aga9/ ,iran-back$    
militias 9 ,syria 9 response to drone   
attacks aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates p]sonnel &  
facilities 9 ,iraq2 ,:]eas1 on ,augu/   
#bd1 #bjbb1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces   
conduct$ air/rikes aga9/ ,iran-back$    
militias 9 ,deir al ,z\r1 ,syria1 9     
response to attacks on a ,unit$ ,/ates  
base 9 nor!a/]n ,syria t injur$ ?ree    
,unit$ ,/ates soldi]s2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>*  
#bd1 #bjbc1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces   
conduct$ air/rikes aga9/ ,iran-back$    
militias 9 ,syria 9 response to an      
attack 9 nor!a/ ,syria t kill$ a ,unit$ 

,/ates contractor & injur$ five ,unit$  
,/ates soldi]s & ano!r ,unit$ ,/ates    
contractor2 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #e1      
#bjbc1 a ,unit$ ,/ates ,f-#af aircraft  
%ot d[n an arm$ ,turki% drone op]at+ 9  
nor!a/]n ,syria1 & ! drone 0 report$ to 
h come )9 #ejj y>ds ( ,unit$ ,/ates     
troops2 ,:]eas1 s9ce ,octob] #ag1 #bjbc1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9 ,syria &   
,iraq h be5 attack$ at lea/ #eb times1 )
 #bh attacks 9 ,syria & #bd attacks 9   
,iraq1 result+ 9 at lea/ #ef memb]s ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces be+ injur$ &  
at lea/ #be su/a9+ traumatic bra9       
injuries2 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #bf1 #bjbc1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces conduct$     
air/rikes aga9/ a weapons /orage        
facility & an ammunition /orage facility
 us$ by ,iran's ,islamic ,revolution>y  
,gu>d ,corps & ,iranian-back$ militias 9
 ,abu ,kamal1 ,syria2 ,:]eas1 on        
,novemb] #h1 #bjbc1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ 
,=ces conduct$ air/rikes aga9/ a weapons
 /orage facility us$ by ,iran's ,islamic
 ,revolution>y ,gu>d ,corps &           

,iranian-back$ militias 9 ,maysalun1    
,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,novemb] #ab1 #bjbc1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces conduct$      
air/rikes aga9/ a tra9+ facility & a    
safe h\se us$ by ,iran's ,islamic       
,revolution>y ,gu>d ,corps &            
,iranian-back$ militias 9 ,abu ,kamal & 
,mayad91 ,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #b1
 #bjbd1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces       
conduct$ m ?an #he air/rikes aga9/      
,iran's ,islamic ,revolution>y ,gu>d    
,corps & affiliat$ militia gr\ps across 
sev5 locations 9 ,syria & ,iraq2 ,:]eas1
 on ,novemb] #ab1 #bjbd1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,arm$ ,=ces conduct$ air/rikes aga9/ a  
weapons /orage & logi/ics headqu>t]s    
facility us$ by ,iranian-back$ militias 
9 ,syria2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #h1 #bjbd1
 opposition gr\ps l$ by ,hayat ,tahrir  
al-,%am1 a ,unit$ ,/ates-designat$ =eign
 t]rori/ organization1 ov]?rew ! ,syrian
 regime ( ,ba%> al-,assad1 end+ m ?an   
#ec ye>s ( al-,assad family rule2       
,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #i1 #bjbd1 !        
,kurdi%-l$ ,syrian ,democratic ,=ces %ot

 d[n a ,unit$ ,/ates ,air ,=ce ,,mq-#i  
,reap] drone 9 nor!rn ,syria2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,decemb] #aj1 #bjbd1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,arm$ ,=ces conduct$ air/rikes on "s #ge
 ,,isis t>gets 9 ,syria2 ,:]eas1 !      
collapse ( ! ,ba%> al-,assad regime     
pres5ts an acute p]iod ( volatility1 )  
#b1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates troops deploy$ 9   
,syria fac+ significant risk1 z is      
evid5t by regul>ly occurr+ attacks1 &   
fac+ an imm95t ?reat ( wid] ho/ilities  
involv+ !m 9 ,syria2 ,:]eas1 elev5      
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces di$
 9 combat-relat$ & non-combat relat$    
ev5ts 9 ,syria dur+ ,op]ation ,inh]5t   
,resolve3 ,,ssgt ,au/9 ,bi]51 ,,scpo    
,scott ,dayton1 ,,msg ,jona?an ,dunb>1  
,,cw#b ,jona?an ,f>m]1 #a,,sg ,casey    
,h>t1 ,,scpo ,%annon ,k5t1 ,,spc        
,antonio ,moore1 ,,sgt ,bryan ,m\nt1    
,,spc ,eti5ne ,murphy1 ,,spc ,alex ,ram1
 & ,,pfc ,mi*ael ,?omason2 ,:]eas       
section #h7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution
 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedg7;c77 def9es !     
introduction ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces

 to include ! assignm5t ( memb]s ( su*  
,arm$ ,=ces to comm&1 coord9ate1        
p>ticipate 9 ! movem5t (1 or accompany !
 regul> or irregul> milit>y =ces ( any  
=eign c\ntry or gov]nm5t :5 su* milit>y 
=ces are engag$1 or !re exi/s an imm95t 
?reat t su* =ces w become engag$1 9     
ho/ilities1 & activities t ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces h conduct$ 9 ,syria  
fall )9 su* def9ition1 z is evid5c$ by  
,unit$ ,/ates support ( ! ,p's          
,protection ,units 7,,ypg71 ! ,syrian   
,democratic ,=ces 7,,sdf71 ! ,free      
,syrian ,army 7,,fsa71 & o!r regul> &   
irregul> milit>y =ces2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces h be5 introduc$ into 
active or imm95t ho/ilities )9 ! mean+ (
 section #d7;a7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s           
,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedc7;a771 &
 activities t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$     
,=ces h conduct$ 9 ,syria fall )9 su*   
def9ition1 z evid5c$ by /rikes on !     
,syrian ,arm$ ,=ces & pro-,syrian       
,gov]nm5t =ces1 v>i\s t]rori/           
organizations includ+ ,,isis1 ,iran's   

,islamic ,revolution>y ,gu>d1           
,iranian-back$ militias1 !              
,russian-back$ ,wagn] private milit>y   
company1 & ! arm$ =ces ( ,turkey2 ,:]eas
 section #e7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s           
,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedd7;c77   
/ates t at any "t t ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ 
,=ces are engag$ 9 ho/ilities outside ! 
t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its         
possessions & t]ritories )\t a          
decl>ation ( w> or specific /atutory    
au?orization1 su* =ces %all be remov$ by
 ! ,presid5t if ! ,congress s directs2 &
 ,:]eas section #ajac ( ! ,dep>tm5t (   
,/ate ,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal ,ye>s 
#aihd & #aihe 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedf;a7   
provides t any jo9t resolution or bill  
to require ! removal ( ,unit$ ,/ates    
,arm$ ,=ces engag$ 9 ho/ilities ''' )\t 
a decl>ation ( w> or specific /atutory  
au?orization %all be consid]$ 9         
accordance ) ! proc$ures ( section      
#fja7;b7 ( ! ,int]national ,security    
,assi/ance & ,arms ,export ,control ,act
 ( #aigf3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  #a4 ,removal

 ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f          
ho/ilities 9 ,syria t h n be5 au?oriz$  
by ,congress ,pursuant to section #ajac 
( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ,au?orization     
,act1 ,fiscal ,ye>s #aihd & #aihe 7#ej  
,u4,s4,c4 #aedf;a7 & 9 accordance ) !   
provisions ( section #fja7;b7 ( !       
,int]national ,security ,assi/ance &    
,arms ,export ,control ,act ( #aigf     
7,public ,law #id-cbi2 #ij ,/at4 #gfe71 
,congress h]eby directs ! ,presid5t to  
remove ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f      
ho/ilities 9 or affect+ ,syria by n lat]
 ?an ! date t is #cj days aft] ! date ( 
! adoption ( ?is jo9t resolution 7unless
 ! ,presid5t reque/s & ,congress        
au?orizes a lat] date71 & unless & until
 a decl>ation ( w> or specific          
au?orization = su* use ( ,unit$ ,/ates  
,arm$ ,=ces has be5 enact$4  #b4 ,rule (
 con/ruction reg>d+ au?orizations = use 
( milit>y =ce ,consi/5t ) section       
#h7;a77#a7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution    
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedg7;a77#a771 no?+ 9   
?is jo9t resolution may be con/ru$ z    

au?oriz+ ! use ( milit>y =ce4