,,iii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,con4 ,,res4 #bc  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate  
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,novemb] #f1   
#bjbe ,ms4 ,blunt ,ro*e/] submitt$ !    
foll[+ concurr5t resolution2 :i* 0      
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,vet]ans'     
,affairs  ,,concurr5t ,,resolution      
,recogniz+ ! difficult *all5ges ,black  
vet]ans fac$ :5 return+ home aft] s]v+ 9
 ! ,arm$ ,=ces1 _! h]oic milit>y        
sacrifices1 & _! patriotism 9 fight+ =  
equal rights & = ! dignity ( a p & a    
,nation4  ,:]eas !re has be5 no w> f\ght
 by or )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* ,blacks 
did n p>ticipate1 includ+ !             
,revolution>y ,w>1 ! ,civil ,w>1 ! ,w> (
 #ahab1 ! ,spani% ,am]ican ,w>1 ,_w ,w>s
 ,i & ,,ii1 ! ,korean ,w>1 ! ,vietnam   
,w>1 ! ,gulf ,w>1 ,op]ation ,endur+     
,fre$om1 & ,op]ation ,iraqi ,fre$om2    
,:]eas ,fr$]ick ,d\glass voic$ 8 op9ion 
on ! civic value ( milit>y s]vice 9 "o (
 8 autobiographies1 ,life & ,times (    
,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 writ+1 ,i 4 4 4 urg$ 
e man :o c\ld1 to enli/2 to get an eagle

 on 8 button1 a musket on 8 %\ld]1 !    
/>-spangl$ bann] ov] 8 head1 & lat]     
rem>k+ t !re is no p[] on ,e>? :i* c d5y
 t he has e>n$ ! "r to citiz5%ip 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates2  ,:]eas1 dur+ ! ,civil   
,w>1 ,black soldi]s1 commonly ref]r$ to 
z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,color$ ,troops1 f\ght
 ) honor & di/9ction despite be+ treat$ 
z second-class citiz5s2  ,:]eas ! heal? 
c>e & hospitals available to ,black     
soldi]s dur+ ! ,civil ,w> 7 sub/&>d1 &  
,black soldi]s (t5 di$ f ! )hold+ (     
s]vices t 7 suppos$ to be adm9i/]$ by   
m$ical p]sonnel2  ,:]eas ,dr4 ,w4,e4,b4 
,du,bois & ,william ,monroe ,trott]1    
memb]s ( ! fir/ g5]ation ( fre$om's     
*ildr51 f\nd$ ! ,niag>a ,movem5t 9 #aije
 & f\ght = desegregation 9 ! ,arm$ ,=ces
 9 ,_w ,w> ,i2  ,:]eas1 9 8 book1 ,black
 ,recon/ruction 9 ,am]ica1 publi%$ 9    
#aice1 ,du,bois recogniz$ ! importance (
 equity 9 milit>y s]vice writ+ t ,no?+  
else made ,negro citiz5%ip conceivable1 
b ! record ( ! ,negro soldi] z a        
fight]42  ,:]eas ! #cfi? ,infantry1 kn[n

 z ! ,h>lem ,hell-fight]s1 cont9u$ !    
hi/ory ( di/+ui%$ milit>y s]vice despite
 treatm5t z second-class citiz5s1 fight+
 ! ,g]mans dur+ ,_w ,w> ,i z "p ( !     
,fr5* ,army & s]v+ ! longe/ /ret* 9     
combat1 #aia days )\t replacem5t & )\t  
los+ a foot ( gr\nd or a man z prison]2 
,:]eas1 at ! end ( ! s]vice ( ! #cfi?   
,infantry1 ! entire regim5t receiv$ !   
,croix de ,gu]re1 :i* 0 ,france's highe/
 milit>y honor1 f a grateful ,fr5*      
nation2  ,:]eas1 9 #aiag1 ,*>les        
,hamilton ,h\/on enc\nt]$ racism aft]   
ent]+ ,_w ,w> ,i z a commission$ fir/   
lieut5ant 9 ! segregat$ #ag?            
,provisional ,tra9+ ,regim5t1 lat] writ+
 t ,i made up my m9d t if ,i got ?r\gh  
?is w> ,i w\ld /udy law & use my "t     
fight+ = m5 :o c\ld n /rike back42      
,:]eas ,ala9 ,locke1 ! fir/ ,black      
,rhodes ,s*ol>1 wrote 9 #aibe ab\t a    
,new ,negro :o _h return$ f battle ) a  
bold new _s t help$ sp>k a new mood 9 ! 
,black community2  ,:]eas1 at ! />t ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates involvem5t 9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii1

 ,dorie ,mill]1 a messman att5dant 9 !  
,navy1 0 catapult$ to national h]o /atus
 & an icon to g5]ations1 aft] display+  
h]oism on bo>d ! ,,uss ,we/ ,virg9ia    
dur+ ! ,japanese attack on ,pe>l ,h>bor 
on ,decemb] #g1 #aida2  ,:]eas ! fam$   
,tuskegee ,airm51 a gr\p ( ,black       
pilots1 flew ) di/9ction dur+ ,_w ,w>   
,,ii "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,b5jam9 ,o4   
,davis1 ,jr41 ! highly decorat$ (fic] :o
 s]v$ = m ?an #ce ye>s & became ! fir/  
,black g5]al 9 ! ,air ,=ce2  ,:]eas1    
dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! #fhhh 7kn[n z !    
,six ,triple ,eights71 ! fir/ po/al     
battalion compris$ exclusively ( ,black 
wom51 :o s]v$ 9 ,engl& & !n ,france1 0  
giv5 ! daunt+ task ( cle>+ out a #b-ye> 
backlog ( m ?an #ij1jjj pieces ( mail1  
complet$ ! mission 9 #c mon?s1 & w5t on 
to make a positive impact on racial     
integration 9 ! ,arm$ ,=ces2  ,:]eas1   
be=e becom+ a fam\s baseball play]1     
,jackie ,rob9son 0 c\rt-m>tial$ 9 !     
,army 9 #aidd = refus+ to sit 9 ! back (
 ! bus1 & :5 he 0 lat] acquitt$1 he     

wrote t it 0 a small victory1 = ,i _h   
le>n$ t ,i 0 9 two w>s1 "o aga9/ ! =eign
 enemy1 ! o!r aga9/ prejudice at home2  
,:]eas1 dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ! ,army's    
#ibnd ,infantry ,division1 bett] kn[n z 
! ,buffalo ,soldi]s1 :i* traces its     
direct l9eage back to ! #i? & #aj?      
,cavalry units f #ahff to ! e>ly #ahijs1
 0 ! only ,black segregat$ unit to      
exp]i5ce combat dur+ ! ,italian         
campaigns ( #aidd & #aide1 ) sev]al     
memb]s ( ! unit lat] e>n+ ,m$als (      
,honor = brav]y2  ,:]eas ,rev]5d ,b5jam9
 ,hooks1 :o s]v$ 9 ! #ibnd ,infantry    
,division1 f\nd himself 9 ! humiliat+   
position ( gu>d+ ,italian prison]s ( w> 
:o 7 all[$ to eat 9 re/aurants t 7      
(f-limits to him2  ,:]eas1 ev5 aft]     
,presid5t ,truman issu$ ,executive ,ord]
 #iiha1 desegregat+ ! milit>y on ,july  
#bf1 #aidh1 discrim9ation cont9u$2      
,:]eas ,oliv] ,l4 ,br[n1 a ,_w ,w> ,,ii 
,army vet]an f ,kansas1 & ,h>ry ,briggs1
 a ,_w ,w> ,,ii sailor f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 7
 ! fa!rs ( #b ( ! #e nam$ pla9tiffs 9   

,br[n v4 ,bo>d ( ,education ( ,topeka1  
#cdg ,u4,s4 #dhc 7#aieb7 & ,briggs v4   
,elliott1 #cdb ,u4,s4 #cej 7#aieb71 !   
hi/oric s*ool-desegregation cases (     
#aieb2  ,:]eas ! ,black h]oes & h]o9es (
 ,_w ,w> ,,ii & ! ,korean ,w>1 & _!     
(fspr+ su* z ,private ,s>ah ,keys &     
,wom5's ,army ,corps (fic] ,dovey       
,r\ndtree1 won significant victories    
aga9/ discrim9ation 9 int]/ate          
transportation 9 l&m>k civil rights     
cases1 includ+ ,keys v4 ,c>ol9a ,coa*   
,company1 #fd ,,mcc #gfi 7#aiee71 :i* 0 
decid$ #f days be=e ,rosa ,p>ks' hi/oric
 prote/ ( ,alabama's ,jim ,cr[ laws 9   
,montgom]y2  ,:]eas1 aft] s]v+ ov]seas 9
 ! ,army1 ,*>les & ,m$g> ,ev]s return$  
home to ,mississippi1 :]e 9 #aidf1 !y   
tri$ to regi/] to vote b 7 turn$ away at
 ! poll+ /ations2  ,:]eas1 9 #aieb1     
,*>les & ,m$g> ,ev]s began to organize  
vot] regi/ration drives = ! ,national   
,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,color$  
,p 7,,naacp72  ,:]eas1 9 8 address at   
,riv]side ,*ur* on ,april #d1 #aifg1    

,dr4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r ,k+1 ,jr41 comm5t$ on !
 irony ( ,blacks fight+ 9 ,vietnam to   
gu>antee lib]ties 9 ,s\!a/ ,asia :ile n 
enjoy+ ! same rights at home2  ,:]eas   
,black vet]ans :o 7 9 ! =efront ( !     
lead]%ip ( ! civil rights movem5t1 ) _! 
/rong resolve to address ! p>adox (     
milit>y s]vice abroad & ! d5ial ( basic 
rights at home1 br\ght deep] mean+ to ! 
^w democracy1 & ?r\gh _! example1       
trans=m$ ! face ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2      
,:]eas ,black vet]ans ( ! ,nation's w>s 
s[$ ! se$s = today's b\ntiful h>ve/ t   
includes ! ,niag>a ,movem5t1 ! ,,naacp1 
& ! mod]n-day civil rights movem5t1 all 
( :i* %>e a common ance/ry 9 ! ,civil   
,w>1 )\t :i* !re w\ld be no civil rights
 movem5t & no equal rights = all        
,am]icans2 &  ,:]eas ,black vet]ans     
suff] at a disproportionate rate f      
*ronic illnesses & homelessness & are   
plagu$ by heal? disp>ities3 ,n[1 !re=e1 
be x  ,t ,congress recognizes-- 7#a7 !  
difficult *all5ges ,black vet]ans fac$  
:5 return+ home aft] s]v+ 9 ! ,arm$     

,=ces1 _! h]oic milit>y sacrifices1 & _!
 patriotism 9 fight+ = equal rights & = 
! dignity ( a p & a ,nation2 &  7#b7 !  
ne$ = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,vet]ans ,affairs to
 cont9ue to "w to elim9ate any heal? &  
b5efit disp>ities = m9ority vet]ans 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4