,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #fcf  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,febru>y #ai1 #bjbe,mr4
 ,hick5loop] 7= himself & ,ms4 ,hassan7 
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions  
,a ,,bill  ,to provide collective b>ga9+
 rights = public safety (fic]s employ$  
by ,/ates or _! political subdivisions1 
& = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is 
,act may be cit$ z ! ,public ,safety    
,employ]-,employee ,coop]ation ,act4    
#b4 ,purpose & policy ,congress decl>es 
t ! foll[+ is ! policy ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates3 7#a7 ,labor-managem5t           
relation%ips & p>tn]%ips are bas$ on    
tru/1 mutual respect1 op5 communication1
 bilat]al cons5sual problem solv+1 & %>$
 acc\ntability4 ,labor-managem5t        
coop]ation fully uses ! /r5g?s ( bo?    
p>ties to be/ s]ve ! int]e/s ( ! public3
 op]at+ z a team to c>ry out ! public   
safety mission 9 a quality "w           
environm5t4 ,9 _m public safety ag5cies1

 x is ! labor organization t provides ! 
in/itutional /ability z elect$ lead]s & 
appo9tees come & g4  7#b7 ,/ate & local 
public safety (fic]s play an ess5tial   
role 9 ! ef=ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to     
detect1 prev5t1 & respond to t]rori/    
attacks & to respond to natural disa/]s1
 haz>d\s mat]ials1 & o!r mass casualty  
incid5ts4 ,/ate & local public safety   
(fic]s1 z fir/ respond]s1 are a compon5t
 ( ! ,national ,incid5t ,managem5t      
,sy/em1 develop$ by ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,homel& ,security to coord9ate response 
to & recov]y f t]rorism1 major natural  
disa/]s1 & o!r major em]g5cies4 ,public 
safety employ]-employee coop]ation is   
ess5tial 9 meet+ ^! ne$s & is1 !re=e1 9 
! national int]e/4  7#c7 ,! ,f$]al      
,gov]nm5t ne$s to enc\rage conciliation1
 m$iation1 & arbitration to aid &       
enc\rage public safety employ]s & !     
repres5tatives ( _! employees to rea* & 
ma9ta9 agreem5ts conc]n+ rates ( pay1   
h\rs1 & work+ conditions & to make all  
reasonable ef=ts ?r\gh negotiations to  

settle _! diff]5ces by mutual agreem5t  
rea*$ ?r\gh collective b>ga9+ or by su* 
me?ods z may be provid$ = 9 any         
applicable agreem5t = ! settlem5t (     
disputes4  7#d7 ,! abs5ce ( adequate    
coop]ation betwe5 public safety employ]s
 & employees has implications = !       
security ( employees & c affect int]/ate
 & intra/ate comm]ce4 ,! lack ( su*     
labor-managem5t coop]ation c            
detrim5tally impact ! upgrad+ ( law     
en=cem5t1 fire1 & em]g5cy m$ical s]vices
 ( local communities1 ! heal? & well-be+
 ( public safety (fic]s1 & ! morale (   
law en=cem5t1 fire1 & em]g5cy m$ical    
s]vice dep>tm5ts4 ,additionally1 ^!     
factors c\ld h significant comm]cial    
rep]cussions4 ,moreov]1 provid+ m9imal  
/&>ds = collective b>ga9+ negotiations 9
 ! public safety sector c prev5t        
indu/rial /rife betwe5 labor & managem5t
 t int]f]es ) ! normal fl[ ( comm]ce4   
7#e7 ,_m ,/ates & localities already    
provide public safety (fic]s )          
collective b>ga9+ rights comp>able to or

 great] ?an ! rights & responsibilities 
set =? 9 ?is ,act1 & su* ,/ate & local  
laws %\ld be respect$4  #c4 ,def9itions 
,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,au?ority ,! t]m      
,au?ority means ! ,f$]al ,labor         
,relations ,au?ority4  7#b7 ,confid5tial
 employee ,! t]m confid5tial employee1 )
 respect to ! application ( ?is ,act 9 a
 ,/ate-- 7,a7 has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m  
7or a sub/antially equival5t t]m7 "u any
 applicable ,/ate law ( su* ,/ate on !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 or  7,b7 if 
no su* applicable ,/ate law is 9 effect 
9 su* ,/ate1 means an individual1       
employ$ by a public safety employ]1 :o--
 7i7 is designat$ z confid5tial2 &  7ii7
 is an individual :o r\t9ely assi/s1 9 a
 confid5tial capacity1 any sup]visory   
employee or managem5t employee4  7#c7   
,em]g5cy m$ical s]vices employee ,! t]m 
em]g5cy m$ical s]vices employee means an
 individual :o provides out-(-hospital  
em]g5cy m$ical c>e1 includ+ an em]g5cy  
m$ical te*nician1 p>am$ic1 or fir/      
respond]4  7#d7 ,employ ,! t]m employ   

has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #c ( ! 
,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi   
,u4,s4,c4 #bjc74  7#e7 ,firefight] ,!   
t]m firefight] has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m   
employee 9 fire protection activities 9 
section #c ( ! ,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act 
( #aich 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bjc74  7#f7     
,labor organization ,! t]m labor        
organization means an organization ( any
 k9d1 9 :i* public safety (fic]s        
p>ticipate & :i* exi/s = ! purpose1 9   
:ole or 9 "p1 ( deal+ ) a public safety 
employ] conc]n+ grievances1 conditions (
 employm5t1 & relat$ matt]s4  7#g7 ,law 
en=cem5t (fic] ,! t]m law en=cem5t (fic]
 has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section     
#abjd ( ! ,omnibus ,crime ,control &    
,safe ,/reets ,act ( #aifh 7#cd         
,u4,s4,c4 #ajbhd74  7#h7 ,managem5t     
employee ,! t]m managem5t employee1 )   
respect to ! application ( ?is ,act 9 a 
,/ate-- 7,a7 has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m   
7or a sub/antially equival5t t]m7 "u any
 applicable ,/ate law ( su* ,/ate on !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 or  7,b7 if 

no su* applicable ,/ate law is 9 effect 
9 su* ,/ate1 means an individual employ$
 by a public safety employ] 9 a position
 t requires or au?orizes ! individual to
 =mulate1 det]m9e1 or influ5ce !        
policies ( ! public safety employ]4     
7#i7 ,p]son ,! t]m p]son means an       
individual or a labor organization4     
7#aj7 ,public safety employ]  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,! t]m public safety employ] means
 any ,/ate1 or political subdivision ( a
 ,/ate1 t employs a public safety (fic]4
  7,b7 ,applicability ,= purposes ( ?is 
,act1 a public safety employ] %all be   
consid]$ to be engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 an 
indu/ry or activity affect+ comm]ce4    
7#aa7 ,public safety (fic] ,! t]m public
 safety (fic]-- 7,a7 means an individual
 employ$ by a public safety employ] :o  
is a law en=cem5t (fic]1 a firefight]1  
or an em]g5cy m$ical s]vices employee2  
7,b7 includes an individual :o is       
tempor>ily transf]r$ to a sup]visory or 
managem5t position2 &  7,c7 except z    
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 does n      

include-- 7i7 a sup]visory employee2    
7ii7 a managem5t employee2 or  7iii7 a  
confid5tial employee4  7#ab7 ,/ate ,!   
t]m ,/ate means ea* ( ! sev]al ,/ates ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1
 & any t]ritory or possession ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#ac7 ,sub/antially provides  
,! t]m sub/antially provides1 :5 us$ )  
respect to ! rights & responsibilities  
describ$ 9 section #d7;b71 means provid+
 rights & responsibilities t are        
comp>able to or great] ?an ea* "r &     
responsibility describ$ 9 su* section4  
7#ad7 ,sup]visory employee ,! t]m       
sup]visory employee1 ) respect to !     
application ( ?is ,act 9 a ,/ate-- 7,a7 
has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 7or a          
sub/antially equival5t t]m7 "u any      
applicable ,/ate law ( su* ,/ate on !   
date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 or  7,b7 if 
no su* applicable ,/ate law is 9 effect 
9 su* ,/ate1 an individual1 employ$ by a
 public safety employ]1 :o-- 7i7 has !  
au?ority 9 ! int]e/ ( ! public safety   
employ]1 if ! ex]cise ( su* au?ority is 

n m]ely r\t9e or cl]ical 9 nature b     
requires ! consi/5t ex]cise ( indep5d5t 
judgm5t1 to-- 7,i7 hire1 direct1 assign1
 promote1 rew>d1 transf]1 furl\gh1 lay  
(f1 recall1 susp5d1 discipl9e1 or remove
 public safety (fic]s2  7,,ii7 adju/ !  
grievances ( public safety (fic]s2 or   
7,,iii7 effectively recomm5d any action 
describ$ 9 subclause 7,i7 or 7,,ii72 &  
7ii7 devotes a majority ( "t at "w to   
ex]cis+ su* au?ority4  7#ae7 ,unfair    
labor practice ,! t]m unfair labor      
practice means a practice describ$ 9    
section #gaaf ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 except t1 9 apply+ su* section-- 
7,a7 public safety (fic] %all be        
sub/itut$ = employee2  7,b7 public      
safety employ] %all be sub/itut$ =      
ag5cy2 &  7,c7 ?is ,act %all be         
sub/itut$ = ?is *apt]4  #d4 ,det]m9ation
 ( rights & responsibilities  7a7       
,det]m9ation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an 
#ahj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is  
,act 7except z provid$ 9 p>agraph       
7#d77;,b771 ! ,au?ority %all make a     

det]m9ation = ea* ,/ate z to :e!r a     
,/ate sub/antially provides = ea* ( !   
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
subsection 7b74  7#b7 ,consid]ation (   
additional op9ions ,9 mak+ ! det]m9ation
 describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,au?ority  
%all consid] ! op9ions ( affect$ public 
safety employ]s & labor organizations4  
,9 ! case :]e ! ,au?ority is notifi$ by 
an affect$ public safety employ] & labor
 organization t bo? p>ties agree t ! law
 applicable to su* public safety employ]
 & labor organization sub/antially      
provides = ! rights & responsibilities  
describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 ! ,au?ority  
%all give su* agreem5t weight to !      
maximum ext5t practicable 9 mak+ !      
,au?ority's det]m9ation "u p>agraph     
7#a74  7#c7 ,limit$ crit]ia ,9 mak+ !   
det]m9ation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! 
,au?ority %all be limit$ to !           
application ( ! crit]ia describ$ 9      
subsection 7b74  7#d7 ,subsequ5t        
det]m9ations  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a          
det]m9ation made pursuant to p>agraph   

7#a7 %all rema9 9 effect unless & until 
! ,au?ority issues a subsequ5t          
det]m9ation1 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures 
set =? 9 subp>agraph 7,b74  7,b7        
,proc$ures = subsequ5t det]m9ations ,a  
public safety employ] or a labor        
organization may submit to ! ,au?ority a
 writt5 reque/ = a subsequ5t det]m9ation
 ) respect to :e!r a mat]ial *ange (    
,/ate law 7or an int]pretation ( su*    
law7 has occurr$4  7,c7 ,issuance (     
subsequ5t det]m9ation ,if satisfi$ t a  
mat]ial *ange 9 ,/ate law or its        
int]pretation has occurr$1 ! ,au?ority  
%all issue a subsequ5t det]m9ation "u   
p>agraph 7#a7 n lat] ?an #cj days aft]  
receipt ( su* reque/4  7#e7 ,exception  
,! ,au?ority %all n make a det]m9ation  
"u p>agraph 7#a7 t ! laws ( a ,/ate d n 
sub/antially provide = ea* ( ! rights & 
responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection  
7b7 on ! basis t relevant ,/ate laws--  
7,a7 p]mit an employee to appe> on !    
employee's own behalf ) respect to !    
employee's employm5t relations ) !      

public safety employ] involv$2  7,b7 d n
 apply to a political subdivision ( !   
,/ate if su* political subdivision-- 7i7
 has a population ( few] ?an #e1jjj     
individuals2 or  7ii7 employs few] ?an  
#be full-"t employees 7exclud+ any      
individual elect$ by popul> vote or     
appo9t$ to s]ve on a bo>d or            
commission72 or  7,c7 d n require b>ga9+
 ) respect to p5sion1 retirem5t1 or     
heal? b5efits4  7#f7 ,judicial review   
,any p]son or public safety employ]     
aggriev$ by a det]m9ation ( ! ,au?ority 
"u p>agraph 7#a7 may1 dur+ ! #fj-;day   
p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* !         
det]m9ation 0 made1 petition any ,unit$ 
,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals 9 ! circuit 9   
:i* ! p]son or public safety employ]    
resides or transacts bus9ess or 9 !     
,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,di/rict (         
,columbia ,circuit1 = judicial review4  
7b7 ,rights & responsibilities ,! rights
 & responsibilities describ$ "u ?is     
subsection are ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,a "r (   
public safety (fic]s to =m & jo9 a labor

 organization-- 7,a7 :i* may exclude any
 managem5t employee1 sup]visory         
employee1 or confid5tial employee1 &    
7,b7 t is1 or seeks to be1 recogniz$ z !
 exclusive b>ga9+ repres5tative ( su*   
public safety (fic]s4  7#b7 ,a          
requirem5t t any public safety employ]--
 7,a7 recognize ! labor organization (  
its public safety (fic]s 7freely *os5 by
 a majority ( ! public safety (fic]s72  
7,b7 agree to b>ga9 ) su* labor         
organization2 &  7,c7 commit any        
agreem5ts ) su* labor organization to   
writ+ 9 a contract or memor&um (        
und]/&+4  7#c7 ,a "r ( public safety    
(fic]s to b>ga9 ) respect to h\rs1      
wages1 & t]ms & conditions ( employm5t4 
7#d7 ,a "r to b9d+ int]e/ arbitration z 
a me*anism to resolve an impasse 9      
collective b>ga9+ negotiations4  7#e7 ,a
 "r to en=cem5t ( all rights1           
responsibilities1 & protections enum]at$
 9 ?is subsection1 & ( any writt5       
contract or memor&um ( und]/&+ betwe5 a 
labor organization & a public safety    

employ]1 ?r\gh-- 7,a7 a ,/ate           
adm9i/rative ag5cy1 if ! ,/ate s *ooses2
 or  7,b7 any c\rt ( compet5t           
jurisdiction4  7c7 ,compliance )        
requirem5ts ,if ! ,au?ority det]m9es "u 
subsection 7a77#a7 t a ,/ate            
sub/antially provides ea* ( ! rights &  
responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection  
7b71 !n subsection 7d7 %all n apply &   
?is ,act %all n preempt ! laws ( su*    
,/ate4  7d7 ,failure ,to meet           
requirem5ts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,if !        
,au?ority det]m9es "u subsection 7a77#a7
 t a ,/ate does n sub/antially provide =
 ! rights & responsibilities describ$ 9 
subsection 7b71 !n su* ,/ate %all be    
subject to ! regulations & proc$ures    
describ$ 9 section #e beg9n+ on ! lat]  
(-- 7,a7 ! date t is #b ye>s aft] ! date
 ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2  7,b7 ! date t  
is ! la/ day ( ! fir/ regul> session ( !
 legislature ( ! ,/ate t beg9s aft] !   
date ! ,au?ority makes a det]m9ation "u 
subsection 7a77#a72 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( 
a ,/ate receiv+ a subsequ5t det]m9ation 

"u subsection 7a77#d71 ! date t is ! la/
 day ( ! fir/ regul> session ( !        
legislature ( ! ,/ate t beg9s aft] !    
date ! ,au?ority made ! det]m9ation4    
7#b7 ,p>tial failure ,if ! ,au?ority    
det]m9es "u subsection 7a77#a7 t a ,/ate
 does n sub/antially provide = ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 subsection
 7b7 because ! ,/ate law sub/antially   
provides = su* rights & responsibilities
 = c]ta9 categories ( public safety     
(fic]s cov]$ by ?is ,act b n o!rs1 !    
,au?ority %all id5tify ^? categories (  
public safety (fic]s t %all be subject  
to ! regulations & proc$ures describ$ 9 
section #e1 pursuant to section         
#h7;b77#c7 & beg9n+ on ! appropriate    
date describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 & ^?     
categories ( public safety (fic]s t %all
 rema9 solely subject to ,/ate law )    
respect to ! rights & responsibilities  
describ$ 9 subsection 7b74  #e4 ,role ( 
,f$]al ,labor ,relations ,au?ority  7a7 
,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date 
( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,au?ority %all 

issue regulations1 9 accordance ) !     
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b71 e/abli%+ collective     
b>ga9+ proc$ures = public safety        
employ]s & public safety (fic]s t       
sub/antially provide = ! m9imum /&>ds   
describ$ 9 section #d7;b7 = ,/ates      
describ$ 9 section #d7;d74  7b7 ,role ( 
! ,f$]al ,labor ,relations ,au?ority ,9 
c>ry+ out subsection 7a71 ! ,au?ority   
%all-- 7#a7 det]m9e ! appropriat5ess (  
units = labor organization              
repres5tation2  7#b7 sup]vise or conduct
 elections to det]m9e :e!r a labor      
organization has be5 *os5 z an exclusive
 repres5tative by a vot+ majority ( !   
public safety (fic]s 9 an appropriate   
unit2  7#c7 resolve issues relat+ to !  
duty to b>ga9 9 good fai?2  7#d7 conduct
 he>+s & resolve compla9ts ( unfair     
labor practices2  7#e7 resolve          
exceptions to ! aw>ds ( arbitrators2    
7#f7 protect ! "r ( ea* employee to =m1 
jo91 or assi/ any labor organization or 
to refra9 f any su* activity1 freely &  

)\t fe> ( p5alty or reprisal1 & protect 
ea* employee 9 ! ex]cise ( su* "r2 &    
7#g7 take su* o!r actions z are necess>y
 & appropriate to effectively adm9i/]   
?is ,act1 includ+ issu+ subpo5as requir+
 ! att5dance & te/imony ( witnesses & ! 
production ( docum5t>y or o!r evid5ce f 
any place 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & adm9i/]+ 
oa?s1 tak+ or ord]+ ! tak+ (            
depositions1 ord]+ responses to writt5  
int]rogatories1 & receiv+ & exam9+      
witnesses4  7c7 ,en=cem5t  7#a7         
,au?ority to petition c\rt ,! ,au?ority 
may petition any ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (  
,appeals ) jurisdiction ov] ! p>ties1 or
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = !   
,di/rict ( ,columbia ,circuit1 to en=ce 
any f9al ord]s "u ?is section1 & =      
appropriate tempor>y relief or a re/ra9+
 ord]4  7#b7 ,private "r ( action       
,unless ! ,au?ority has fil$ a petition 
= en=cem5t z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 &  
except z provid$ 9 section #h7;b77#d7 ) 
respect to ,/ates1 any p>ty may file    
suit 9 any appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! 

,unit$ ,/ates to en=ce compliance ) !   
regulations issu$ by ! ,au?ority        
pursuant to ?is section1 or to en=ce    
compliance ) any ord] issu$ by !        
,au?ority pursuant to ?is section4  #f4 
,/rikes & lock\ts prohibit$  7a7 ,9     
g5]al ,subject to subsection 7b71 a     
public safety employ]1 public safety    
(fic]1 or labor organization may n      
engage 9 a lock\t1 sick\t1 "w sl[d[n1   
/rike1 or any o!r organiz$ job action t 
w measurably disrupt ! deliv]y ( em]g5cy
 s]vices & is design$ to compel a public
 safety employ]1 public safety (fic]1 or
 labor organization to agree to ! t]ms (
 a propos$ contract4  7b7 ,no preemption
 ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to 
preempt any law ( any ,/ate or political
 subdivision ( any ,/ate ) respect to   
/rikes by public safety (fic]s4  #g4    
,exi/+ collective b>ga9+ units &        
agreem5ts ,! enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all n 
invalidate any c]tification1            
recognition1 result ( an election1      
collective b>ga9+ agreem5t1 or memor&um 

( und]/&+ t has be5 issu$1 approv$1 or  
ratifi$ by any public employee relations
 bo>d or commission or by any ,/ate or  
political subdivision or its ag5ts & is 
9 effect on ! day be=e ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act4  #h4 ,con/ruction &        
compliance  7a7 ,con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is
 ,act %all be con/ru$-- 7#a7 to preempt 
or limit ! rem$ies1 rights1 & proc$ures 
( any law ( any ,/ate or political      
subdivision ( any ,/ate t provides      
comp>able or great] rights &            
responsibilities ?an ! rights &         
responsibilities describ$ 9 section     
#d7;b72 or  7#b7 to prev5t a ,/ate f    
en=c+ any law t prohibits public safety 
employ]s & labor organizations f        
negotiat+ provisions 9 a labor agreem5t 
t require labor organization memb]%ip or
 paym5t ( labor organization fees z a   
condition ( employm5t4  7b7 ,compliance 
7#a7 ,actions ( /ates ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act  
or ! regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act 
%all be con/ru$ to require a ,/ate to   
resc9d or preempt ! laws or ord9ances ( 

any ( ! ,/ate's political subdivisions  
if su* laws provide rights &            
responsibilities = public safety (fic]s 
t are comp>able to or great] ?an !      
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b74  7#b7 ,actions ( !      
au?ority ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act or !          
regulations promulgat$ "u ?is ,act %all 
be con/ru$ to preempt-- 7,a7 ! laws or  
ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political      
subdivision ( a ,/ate1 if su* laws      
provide collective b>ga9+ rights =      
public safety (fic]s t are comp>able to 
or great] ?an ! rights enum]at$ 9       
section #d7;b72  7,b7 ! laws or         
ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political      
subdivision ( a ,/ate t provide = !     
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b7 ) respect to c]ta9       
categories ( public safety (fic]s cov]$ 
by ?is ,act solely because su* rights & 
responsibilities h n be5 ext5d$ to o!r  
categories ( public safety (fic]s cov]$ 
by ?is ,act2 or  7,c7 ! laws or         
ord9ances ( any ,/ate or political      

subdivision ( a ,/ate t provide = !     
rights & responsibilities describ$ 9    
section #d7;b71 solely because su* laws 
or ord9ances provide t a contract or    
memor&um ( und]/&+ betwe5 a public      
safety employ] & a labor organization   
mu/ be pres5t$ to a legislative body z  
"p ( ! process = approv+ su* contract or
 memor&um ( und]/&+4  7#c7 ,limit$      
en=cem5t p[] ,9 ! case ( a law describ$ 
9 p>agraph 7#b77;,b71 ! ,au?ority %all  
only ex]cise ! p[]s provid$ 9 section #e
 ) respect to ^? categories ( public    
safety (fic]s :o h n be5 af=d$ ! rights 
& responsibilities describ$ 9 section   
#d7;b74  7#d7 ,exclusive en=cem5t       
provision ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( !
 ,act1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( a waiv] ( a       
,/ate's sov]eign immunity1 ! ,au?ority  
%all h ! exclusive p[] to en=ce !       
provisions ( ?is ,act ) respect to      
employees ( a ,/ate4  #i4 ,au?orization 
( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be
 appropriat$ su* sums z may be necess>y 
to c>ry out ?is ,act4