,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #echb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,august #g1 #bjbf,mr4 ,husted 7for himself and ,mr4 ,warner7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,a ,,bill ,to require a report on the artificial intelligence power of the ,people's ,republic of ,china4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,china ,,ai ,power ,report ,act4 #b4 ,report on artificial intelligence power of the ,people's ,republic of ,china 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and annually thereafter for #c years1 the ,secretaries1 in consultation with the covered agency heads1 shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the advanced artificial intelligence capabilities of the ,,prc1 including the efforts by the ,,prc relating to supply chains for advanced artificial intelligence systems4 7b7 ,components ,each report required under subsection 7a7 shall also include the following3 7#a7 ,an assessment of integrated circuits designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference by artificial intelligence chip designers in the ,,prc1 including ,huawei ,technologies ,co41 ,ltd4 and ,cambricon ,technologies 7or successor entities71 that includes-- 7,a7 with respect to such integrated circuits1 the-- 7i7 total processing power2 7ii7 integer and floating point operations per second at relevant precision levels2 7iii7 memory capacity and bandwidth2 7iv7 interconnect bandwidth2 7v7 power efficiency2 7vi7 transistor count and die size2 7vii7 process node used per design2 7viii7 energy efficiency2 7ix7 manufacturing cost and yield assumptions2 7x7 ability of the integrated circuit to effectively run artificial intelligence models trained on a different chip designer's integrated circuit1 including measurements such as model inference in tokens per second and cost per token with and without a software application layer that improves model translation ability2 7xi7 the capability of the most advanced server configuration produced using the chip designer's integrated circuits including such technical specifications like floating point operations per second1 memory capacity and bandwidth1 energy efficiency1 and ability to function at scale2 and 7xii7 any future specification that becomes relevant to the development of future artificial intelligence capability2 and 7,b7 with respect to such chip designers-- 7i7 the total number and types of integrated circuits produced in the year preceding submission of such report and the projected production number for the year proceeding submission of such report2 7ii7 the foundries used in the production of the integrated circuits2 7iii7 the software ecosystem1 including any parallel computing platforms1 programming models1 or development frameworks that enable accelerated computing for artificial intelligence training or inference2 7iv7 the method and extent to which such integrated circuits are used in other countries1 including in the ,united ,states2 and 7v7 the manufacturer's ability to produce a software application layer required to achieve an improved token per seconds and cost per token rate4 7#b7 ,an assessment of semiconductor fabrication facilities in the ,,prc that produce logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial intelligence training or inference1 including such facilities owned or operated by the ,semiconductor ,manufacturing ,international ,corporation1 that includes1 with respect to such facilities1 the-- 7,a7 total monthly production capacity per advanced process node with non-planar transistors or #afad nm and below and the percentage of that monthly production capacity dedicated to production of logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial training or inference2 7,b7 yield for producing such logic integrated circuits for use in advanced artificial intelligence training or inference at each facility with an assessment of that yield in industry relevant terms1 such as compared to ,,prc firms1 compared to non-,,prc firms1 or how many are in current industry-leading datacenters2 7,c7 most advanced process node under production2 7,d7 types and volume of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used1 the country of origin for such equipment1 and the export control regulatory regime under which such equipment was procured2 7,e7 collaborations1 licit or illicit1 between ,,prc firms or their subsidiaries and non-,,prc firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the ,,prc firm2 7,f7 progress ,,prc firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies2 7,g7 market share ,,prc firms have in the ,,prc and internationally2 and 7,h7 year-over-year trends in leading semiconductor fabrication facilities during at least the preceding #e-year period2 7#c7 ,an assessment of semiconductor fabrication facilities in the ,,prc that produce memory integrated circuits used for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference1 including such facilities owned or operated by ,chang,xin ,memory ,technologies or ,yangtze ,memory ,technologies ,corp41 that includes-- 7,a7 with respect to such circuits1 the-- 7i7 most advanced generation of high-bandwidth memory1 including the technical specifications and stack height2 7ii7 memory cell area and memory density of other dynamic random access memory integrated circuits2 and 7iii7 highest number of layers in three-dimensional ,,not-,,and memory integrated circuits2 7,b7 with respect to such facilities1 the-- 7i7 yield and total monthly production capacity for memory integrated circuits1 including dynamic random access memory such as high-bandwidth memory1 and ,,not-,,and memory2 and 7ii7 types and volume of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used1 including the country of origin of such equipment and the export control regulatory regime such equipment was procured under4 7,c7 collaborations1 licit or illicit1 between ,,prc firms or their subsidiaries and non-,,prc firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the ,,prc firm2 7,d7 progress ,,prc firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies2 7,e7 market share ,,prc firms have in the ,,prc and internationally2 and 7,f7 year-over-year trends in the ,,prc's advanced memory integrated circuit production for a minimum of the #e previous years4 7#d7 ,an assessment of semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies in the ,,prc1 including ,,naura ,technology ,group1 ,,kingsemi1 ,advanced ,micro-,fabrication ,equipment ,inc41 ,shanghai ,micro ,electronics ,equipment1 and ,shenzhen ,si,carrier ,technologies ,co41 ,ltd1 that includes-- 7,a7 a categorical breakdown of annual unit production volume and technical specifications1 including minimum feature size1 throughput1 and defect rate1 of all major equipment classes installed or under development for wafer production in foundries in the ,,prc1 including-- 7i7 lithography tools1 including photolithography1 nanoimprint1 and electron beam lithography tools2 7ii7 etch equipment1 including wet etching and dry etching2 7iii7 deposition equipment1 including chemical vapor deposition1 physical vapor deposition1 and atomic layer deposition2 7iv7 cleaning systems2 7v7 chemical mechanical planarization tools2 7vi7 ion implantation and diffusion systems2 7vii7 wafer inspection1 metrology1 and process control tools2 7viii7 back-end packaging equipment1 including wafer dicing equipment and wire bonders2 7ix7 capabilities and advancements in advanced packaging technologies2 7x7 thermal processing equipment2 7xi7 bonding equipment1 including thermo compression bonders and hybrid bonders2 7xii7 environmental control systems2 7xiii7 laser systems2 and 7xiv7 reticle and photomask writing and inspection tools2 7,b7 the country of origin and supplier company for each piece of semiconductor manufacturing equipment used in foundries in the ,,prc for advanced-node logic or high-bandwidth memory production by such companies2 7,c7 the foreign-sourced subcomponents integrated into the semiconductor manufacturing equipment produced by such companies1 including precision motion stages1 lasers1 electrostatic chucks1 optical systems1 radio frequency generators1 or extreme-purity gas handling systems2 7,d7 collaborations1 licit or illicit1 between ,,prc firms or their subsidiaries and non-,,prc firms and the advancements those collaborations produce for the ,,prc firm2 7,e7 progress ,,prc firms are making at indigenizing export controlled technologies2 7,f7 market share ,,prc firms have in the ,,prc and internationally2 and 7,g7 year-over-year trends in leading semiconductor manufacturing equipment companies in the ,,prc for a minimum of the #e previous years4 7#e7 ,an assessment of electronic design automation 7,,eda7 software used in the design of integrated circuits for advanced artificial intelligence applications in the ,,prc1 including software developed or provided by leading ,,prc ,,eda companies such as ,empyrean ,technology ,co41 ,ltd4 and ,primarius ,technologies ,co41 ,ltd41 that includes-- 7,a7 with respect to such software tools1 the-- 7i7 range of design stages supported1 including front-end design such as architecture and register-transfer level design1 logic synthesis1 verification1 physical design1 place-and-route1 timing closure1 and final signoff2 7ii7 compatibility with advanced process nodes1 including sub-#g nanometer technologies1 gate-all-around devices1 and three-dimensional integration2 7iii7 capabilities for designing artificial intelligence-specific components of such integrated circuits1 including tensor processing cores1 systolic array processing units1 matrix multiplier units1 and high-bandwidth memory interfaces2 7iv7 ability to model and optimize for power1 performance1 and thermal constraints in artificial intelligence workloads2 7v7 scale and performance of the software in handling large designs1 such as chips exceeding #ej-ajj billion transistors2 and 7vi7 integration with cloud compute resources or distributed workflows for large-scale artificial intelligence chip development2 7,b7 with respect to such companies1 the-- 7i7 total market share within the ,,prc and internationally1 including the share of advanced-node integrated circuits designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference designs supported by each company2 and 7ii7 types1 volume1 and origin of critical technology components used in software development1 including intellectual property cores1 third-party libraries1 verification suites1 and artificial intelligence-assisted optimization algorithms2 7,c7 progress ,,prc firms are making at indigenizing export-controlled or foreign-origin technologies used in ,,eda1 including high-performance computing integration1 advanced verification engines1 and proprietary intellectual property cores2 7,d7 year-over-year trends for the ,,prc's ,,eda industry over a minimum of the previous #e years1 including technology adoption1 market share1 and software capability evolution2 and 7,e7 identification of technical gaps relative to leading global ,,eda providers1 particularly in relation to artificial intelligence-focused design1 advanced nodes1 and large-scale verification4 7#f7 ,an assessment of the advanced artificial intelligence models determined by the ,secretaries to be the most relevant to the national security of the ,united ,states that were developed by artificial intelligence laboratories or companies based in the ,,prc1 especially those laboratories and companies affiliated with the ,people's ,liberation ,army or any university in the ,,prc1 including the most advanced models1 open-weight and closed-weight models1 based on model size1 total compute used during training1 benchmark performance1 and any other advanced capabilities the ,secretaries determine relevant1 that includes1 with respect to each such model-- 7,a7 the number of model parameters2 7,b7 the total training compute used1 measured in floating-point operations and their relevant precision level2 7,c7 the model performance on benchmark tasks2 7,d7 an evaluation of the extent to which the model exhibits advanced cyber offensive capabilities1 an advanced understanding of biological and virological application domains1 and the ability to substantially automate or accelerate artificial intelligence research1 and a comparison of such models to the most advanced artificial intelligence models from ,united ,states developers2 7,e7 if the model is open-weight1 an evaluation of the files provided and the security implications of following the developer's deployment instructions2 7,f7 a description of the algorithmic alignment training used2 7,g7 the type and scale of compute infrastructure used in training and inference1 including the cluster configurations1 the number and type of integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference1 how such integrated circuits were acquired and from which companies1 where those clusters are located1 and how they are being accessed2 7,h7 the manner and extent to which the model is used throughout society in the ,,prc1 including throughout the following industries or sectors3 7i7 the ,people's ,liberation ,army2 7ii7 the surveillance and intelligence collection functions of the ,,ccp1 including the genocide of ,uyghur ,muslims and other religious and ethnic minorities in the ,xinjiang ,uyghur ,autonomous ,region2 7iii7 the ,government of the ,,prc2 7iv7 business and finance2 7v7 education2 7vi7 healthcare2 7vii7 critical infrastructure sectors1 including the power grid and transportation2 and 7viii7 any other sectors that the ,secretaries determines to be relevant1 such as high-risk industries where artificial intelligence failure would have outsized safety or mission consequences4 7,i7 whether and where such models are deployed for public use1 including ,,api access or mobile app deployment2 7,j7 the manner and extent to which such models are diffused in other countries1 including the ,united ,states2 7,k7 the alignment of those models to ,,ccp propaganda2 7,l7 the potential of those models to inject or create vulnerabilities for users or other ways they could be used to further ,,ccp national security objectives2 7,m7 an assessment of global market share of ,,prc models and the effect that global market share is enabling the ,,prc to set artificial intelligence hardware or software standards2 and 7,n7 the total number of tokens inferenced globally using the model1 the types of hardware utilized for such inference and the percent breakdown between company of origin for such hardware1 and the percentage of global inferenced tokens attributable to the model4 7#g7 ,an assessment of artificial intelligence research in the ,,prc1 based on indicators such as academic publications1 patent filings1 and research funding1 including-- 7,a7 the development of novel artificial intelligence algorithms and techniques1 including advancements in reinforcement learning1 natural language processing1 or computer vision1 with a focus on algorithms and techniques most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced artificial intelligence systems2 7,b7 advancements in hardware designed to enhance artificial intelligence capabilities1 including custom integrated circuits1 quantum computing technologies1 or neuromorphic computing systems1 with a focus on hardware advancements most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced artificial intelligence systems2 7,c7 the scale and focus of research efforts1 including the number of researchers1 institutions1 and collaborations involved1 and the funding levels and sources1 with a focus on those most relevant for developing or deploying the most advanced frontier artificial intelligence systems2 7,d7 an evaluation of the potential impact of such research on future artificial intelligence capabilities relevant to national security competitiveness2 and 7,e7 a description of licit or illicit methods or tactics such as unauthorized model distillation used by ,,prc entities to steal non-,,prc artificial intelligence related intellectual property4 7#h7 ,an assessment of the aggregate public funding and capital flows supporting artificial intelligence development in the ,,prc1 including-- 7,a7 the sum total of the ,,prc's national1 provincial1 and municipal investment in artificial intelligence2 7,b7 subsidies that are underwriting the costs of artificial intelligence development in areas such as compute1 infrastructure1 water1 and energy2 7,c7 an assessment of foreign capital investments1 including the total amount invested and a breakdown by entity1 including the country of origin and the amount invested2 and 7,d7 an assessment of the ,,prc entities that have received the funding1 including the name of the entity and the amount of funding received4 7#i7 ,the aggregate artificial intelligence computational capacity in the ,,prc1 including-- 7,a7 a detailed analysis of computational capacity of the #e most capable ,,prc entities1 including the number and types of integrated circuits and server systems used and their aggregate computational power2 7,b7 the countries and companies with respect to which the ,,prc sourced its computational capacity2 and 7,c7 the locations and specifications1 including energy and computational capacity1 of datacenters used for advanced artificial intelligence training and inference4 7#aj7 ,an assessment of leading humanoid robot manufacturers in the ,,prc1 including ,unitree ,robotics and ,fourier1 that includes-- 7,a7 with respect to such manufacturers1 the-- 7i7 production capacity per year2 and 7ii7 unit cost and pricing trends for such robots intended for commercial deployment2 and 7,b7 with respect to the humanoid robots produced by such manufactures-- 7i7 the number1 type1 and country and company of origin of the semiconductor components1 including integrated circuits1 used to build1 run1 or train such robots2 7ii7 the country and company of origin and the technical specifications of critical components used in such robots1 including actuators1 sensors1 and battery systems1 and if not ,,prc1 the progress toward indigenization2 7iii7 a description of the tasks such robots can perform2 7iv7 whether such robots are teleoperated1 operated through hard-coded instructions1 or function autonomously using artificial intelligence models2 7v7 whether inference is performed locally or via remote cloud services2 7vi7 the number of such robots deployed across the ,,prc1 including in the military1 manufacturing1 logistics1 health care1 security1 and personal assistance sectors2 7vii7 the extent to which1 and ways in which1 such robots are diffused in other countries1 including in the ,united ,states2 and 7viii7 an assessment of the cybersecurity and other vulnerabilities of ,,prc origin robotic systems4 7#aa7 ,an assessment of the most advanced or widely used artificial intelligence-powered applications developed by ,,prc entities or built on ,,prc artificial intelligence models1 including-- 7,a7 the artificial intelligence models used to power these applications1 including the company and country of origin for each model and whether the models are open-weight or closed-weight2 7,b7 the means of deployment and the extent to which such applications are used1 including in the ,united ,states2 7,c7 the purposes1 capabilities1 and promoted uses of the applications2 7,d7 an analysis of how data collected or generated by the applications is used1 including for artificial intelligence model training1 surveillance1 or other national security-relevant purposes2 and 7,e7 an evaluation of the potential risks posed by these applications to ,united ,states national security1 foreign policy objectives1 or data privacy4 7#ab7 ,an assessment of the regulatory framework governing artificial intelligence development1 deployment1 and usage in the ,,prc1 that includes-- 7,a7 the explicit restrictions on artificial intelligence models1 including laws1 regulations1 and government policies that directly limit or control the development1 deployment1 or use of artificial intelligence models in the ,,prc2 7,b7 an analysis of the implicit restrictions on artificial intelligence models1 including censorship1 data access limitations1 or other indirect controls that may constrain artificial intelligence model capabilities2 7,c7 how such explicit and implicit restrictions impact the development1 deployment1 and diffusion of artificial intelligence models both within the ,,prc and internationally1 including the effects on innovation1 competitiveness1 and national security2 7,d7 an analysis of efforts by the ,,ccp to acquire greater insight into advanced artificial intelligence and reduce strategic surprise1 such as efforts that require advanced artificial intelligence developers to disclose information about artificial intelligence systems or provide models to government entities2 7,e7 an analysis of efforts in the ,,prc to assess or mitigate national security or public safety threats from advanced artificial intelligence systems1 including efforts to prevent loss of control from autonomous artificial intelligence systems2 and 7,f7 the goals for artificial intelligence development explicitly and implicitly stated by the ,,ccp4 7#ac7 ,an assessment of the ,,prc's global artificial intelligence standards diplomacy efforts1 including-- 7,a7 mapping the fora where ,,prc actors aimed to shape global standards2 7,b7 outlining key policy objectives of the ,,prc2 7,c7 jurisdictions where ,,prc-promoted standards1 model laws1 guidance1 or procurement criteria have been adopted or referenced2 7,d7 the effects on procurement and vendor eligibility2 and 7,e7 opportunities for the ,united ,states to shape global artificial intelligence standards and counter ,,prc efforts when they run contrary to ,united ,states interest4 7#ad7 ,an assessment of the degree to which ,,prc entities remotely accessed artificial intelligence computational resources1 including through cloud services1 international data centers1 or through circumvention or avoidance of ,united ,states export controls4 7#ae7 ,an assessment of the methods1 pathways1 quantities1 and companies and countries of origin of ,united ,states-controlled integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference1 including graphics processing units or application-specific integrated circuits1 that have been diverted to the ,,prc1 the estimated total compute capacity enabled through these chip diversions1 and the percent of the ,,prc's total compute capacity enabled through these chip diversions4 7#af7 ,an assessment of the effectiveness of ,united ,states export controls in restricting access by the ,,prc to artificial intelligence-relevant technologies1 including an identification of loopholes within ,united ,states export controls and recommendations for legislative and administrative action to strengthen export controls and enforcement that is consistent with ,united ,states national security and foreign policy objectives4 7c7 ,prioritization ,in conducting the assessments required under subsection 7b71 the ,secretaries shall prioritize the identification and analysis of-- 7#a7 semiconductors1 semiconductor manufacturing equipment1 and critical components of semiconductor manufacturing equipment that are1 or are likely to become1 critical to the supply chains for the training or inference of the most advanced artificial intelligence systems2 and 7#b7 items that enable or could enable advanced model performance1 are associated with systems that pose significant national security or strategic implications to the ,united ,states1 or are likely to be foundational to the development of future advanced artificial intelligence systems1 including those not yet deployed or publicly disclosed4 7d7 ,reference class ,where applicable1 the ,secretaries shall provide context to all statistics regarding the ,,prc's artificial intelligence power in the report by presenting the ,,prc's capabilities and production numbers in comparison to relevant ,united ,states and partner country production numbers and capabilities4 7e7 ,coordination with expert entities ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretaries may consult and coordinate with other ,federal departments and agencies1 private industry or research organizations1 federally funded research and development centers1 national laboratories1 academic institutions1 relevant media outlets1 or any other entities with expertise in semiconductor technologies1 artificial intelligence1 or national security that the ,secretaries determine relevant4 7f7 ,avoidance of duplication ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretaries shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 leverage existing and ongoing assessments1 analyses1 intelligence products1 collection efforts1 and reporting produced by covered agency heads and other ,federal departments and agencies1 including elements of the intelligence community 7as defined in section #c of the ,national ,security ,act of #aidg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #cjjc771 to avoid unnecessary duplication of ,federal efforts4 7g7 ,form ,the report required by subsection 7a7 shall be submitted in unclassified form and may contain a classified annex4 7h7 ,mandatory unclassified elements ,in the unclassified portion of the report required under subsection 7a71 the ,secretaries shall include1 subject to the appropriate treatment of classified information and protection of sources and methods-- 7#a7 the number of integrated circuits specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference produced by leading entities in the ,,prc in the year preceding submission of such report2 7#b7 the projected production numbers of integrated circuits from the ,,prc specifically designed or optimized for advanced artificial intelligence training or inference1 including identification of foundries responsible for such production1 for the year proceeding submission of such report2 and 7#c7 the extent to which and ways artificial intelligence-relevant technologies in the ,,prc1 including integrated circuits1 models1 semiconductor manufacturing equipment1 and humanoid robots are diffused in other countries1 including the ,united ,states4 7i7 ,briefing ,not later than #ij days after submission of the report required by subsection 7a71 the ,secretaries shall provide to the appropriate committees of ,congress a classified and unclassified briefing on the contents of the report4 7j7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations1 the ,committee on ,banking1 ,housing1 and ,urban ,affairs1 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation1 and the ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs1 the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce1 and the ,permanent ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,,ccp ,the term ,,ccp means the ,chinese ,communist ,party4 7#c7 ,covered agency heads ,the term covered agency heads means the-- 7,a7 ,secretary of ,defense2 7,b7 ,secretary of ,energy2 7,c7 ,director of ,national ,intelligence2 7,d7 ,director for the ,white ,house ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy2 and 7,e7 head of any other relevant ,federal department or agency the ,secretary determines necessary4 7#d7 ,,prc ,the term ,,prc means the ,people's ,republic of ,china4 7#e7 ,secretaries ,the term ,secretaries means the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,state4