,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #eagj  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #bi1 #bjbf,mr4   
,coons 7= himself & ,mr4 ,:iteh\se7     
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,en]gy
 & ,natural ,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
require ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy to remove  
c>bon dioxide directly f ambi5t air or  
seawat]1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort   
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,c>bon  
,dioxide ,removal ,lead]%ip ,act (      
#bjbf4  #b4 ,f$]al requirem5t to remove 
c>bon dioxide  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is   
section3 7#a7 ,eligible te*nology  7,a7 
,9 g5]al ,! t]m eligible te*nology means
 any equipm5t1 te*nique1 or te*nology1 z
 det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1 t-- 7i7 0 plac$
 into s]vice aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjbb2 &  
7ii7 removes c>bon dioxide directly f   
ambi5t air or seawat]4  7,b7 ,exclusion 
,! t]m eligible te*nology does n include
 any equipm5t1 te*nique1 or te*nology   
t-- 7i7 removes c>bon dioxide t is      
delib]ately releas$ f naturally occurr+ 

subsurface spr+s2  7ii7 removes c>bon   
dioxide us+ natural photosyn!sis1 except
 z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c72 or  7iii7
 uses captur$ c>bon dioxide 9 enhanc$   
oil recov]y4  7,c7 ,expansion ( eligible
 te*nology ,not)/&+ subp>agraph         
7,b77ii71 any equipm5t1 te*nique1 or    
te*nology t removes c>bon dioxide us+   
gasification1 pyrolysis1 or seque/ration
 ( solid1 nonhaz>d\s1 & cellulosic wa/e 
mat]ials may be includ$ 9 ! t]m eligible
 te*nology if ! ,secret>y1 by rule-- 7i7
 det]m9es t an entity t c>ries out a    
removal project "u ?is section is able--
 7,i7 to adequately measure1 monitor1   
report1 & v]ify ! quantity ( gre5h\se   
gas emissions 7includ+ direct emissions 
& significant indirect emissions71      
remov$ us+ t equipm5t1 te*nique1 or     
te*nology2 &  7,,ii7 to adequately      
mitigate ! environm5tal impacts 7includ+
 impacts on biodiv]sity1 l& use1 & air &
 wat] quality7 associat$ ) t equipm5t1  
te*nique1 or te*nology2 &  7ii7 requires
 t entity to c>ry out ! activities      

describ$ 9 clause 7i74  7#b7 ,lifecycle 
basis ,! t]m lifecycle basis means ! net
 sum ( all gre5h\se gas emissions 7us+  
mass values = all gre5h\se gases t are  
adju/$ to acc\nt = _! relative global   
w>m+ pot5tial1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y 
9 consultation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( !     
,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy7       
associat$ ) c>bon dioxide removal       
activity f cradle to grave1 includ+ any 
emissions associat$ )-- 7,a7 en]gy &    
fe$/ock inputs 9 ! c>bon dioxide removal
 activity1 includ+ inputs 9 !           
di/ribution & transportation ( c>bon    
dioxide2  7,b7 indirect effects1 su* z  
l&-use *ange1 z sci5tifically ju/ifi$2  
7,c7 ! c>bon dioxide removal process2   
7,d7 c>bon dioxide transport & /orage1  
includ+ any leakage1 use1 & disposal (  
any mat]ials or products associat$ ) t  
transport & /orage2 &  7,e7 embodi$     
emissions ( ! equipm5t us$ 9 ! c>bon    
dioxide removal activity4  7#c7 ,remove 
,! t]m remove1 ) respect to c>bon       
dioxide1 means to extract c>bon dioxide 

f ! atmosph]e by-- 7,a7 captur+ c>bon   
dioxide us+ eligible te*nology2 &  7,b7 
durably /or+1 on a timescale equival5t  
to geologic /orage1 t captur$ c>bon     
dioxide-- 7i7 pursuant to a p]mit issu$ 
"u "p ,c ( ! ,safe ,dr9k+ ,wat] ,act    
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;h et seq47 = a      
,class ,v or ,class ,,vi injection well 
7z describ$ 9 section #add4f ( title    
#dj1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations 7or    
successor regulations772  7ii7 9 build+ 
mat]ials & m9]aliz$ c>bon mat]ials2 or  
7iii7 us+ o!r durable /orage me?ods1 z  
det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y4  7#d7 ,secret>y 
,! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y (    
,en]gy4  7#e7 ,small removal project ,! 
t]m small removal project means a       
project = ! removal ( c>bon dioxide t   
removes n m ?an #e p]c5t ( ! net metric 
tons ( c>bon dioxide requir$ to be      
remov$ "u subsection 7b7 = ! applicable 
fiscal ye>4  7b7 ,requir$ quantities ,! 
,secret>y %all1 to ! ext5t economically 
feasible z det]m9$ "u subsection 7c71   
remove-- 7#a7 #ej1jjj net metric tons ( 

c>bon dioxide1 calculat$ on a lifecycle 
basis1 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbf &      
#bjbg2  7#b7 #ejj1jjj net metric tons ( 
c>bon dioxide1 calculat$ on a lifecycle 
basis1 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbh ?r\gh  
#bjcj2  7#c7 #e1jjj1jjj net metric tons 
( c>bon dioxide1 calculat$ on a         
lifecycle basis1 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s    
#bjca ?r\gh #bjce2 &  7#d7 #aj1jjj1jjj  
net metric tons ( c>bon dioxide1        
calculat$ on a lifecycle basis1 = fiscal
 ye> #bjcf & ea* fiscal ye> !reaft]4    
7c7 ,economic feasibility  7#a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,! removal ( c>bon dioxide "u          
subsection 7b7 %all be consid]$         
economically feasible if t removal c be 
accompli%$ or1 9 ! case ( a contract "u 
subsection 7i71 pur*as$-- 7,a7 = ea* (  
fiscal ye>s #bjbf & #bjbg1 at a price p]
 metric ton ( c>bon dioxide ( n m ?an   
#gej 7:i* ! ,secret>y may adju/ =       
inflation72  7,b7 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s   
#bjbh ?r\gh #bjcj1 at a price p] metric 
ton ( c>bon dioxide ( n m ?an #ejj 7:i* 
! ,secret>y may adju/ = inflation72     

7,c7 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjca ?r\gh    
#bjcc1 at a price p] metric ton ( c>bon 
dioxide ( n m ?an #cjj 7:i* ! ,secret>y 
may adju/ = inflation72  7,d7 = ea* (   
fiscal ye>s #bjcd ?r\gh #bjcf1 at a     
price p] metric ton ( c>bon dioxide ( n 
m ?an #bjj 7:i* ! ,secret>y may adju/ = 
inflation72 &  7,e7 = fiscal ye> #bjcg &
 ea* fiscal ye> !reaft]1 at a price p]  
metric ton ( c>bon dioxide ( n m ?an    
#aej 7:i* ! ,secret>y may adju/ =       
inflation74  7#b7 ,inclusion (          
measurem5t1 monitor+1 report+1 &        
v]ification co/s ,9 det]m9+ :e!r !      
removal ( c>bon dioxide is consid]$     
economically feasible "u p>agraph 7#a71 
! price = su* removal %all include co/s 
paid to an indep5d5t ?ird p>ty = !      
measurem5t1 monitor+1 report+1 &        
v]ification requir$ "u subsection       
7g77#a74  7#c7 ,multiye> contracts ,!   
removal ( c>bon dioxide c>ri$ out       
pursuant to a contract ent]$ into "u    
subsection 7i7 t is a multiye> contract 
%all be consid]$ economically feasible  

if su* removal c be accompli%$ at !     
applicable doll> am\nt = ! fir/ fiscal  
ye> ( ! contract1 z provid$ 9 p>agraph  
7#a71 ?r\gh ! entire l5g? ( ! contract4 
7d7 ,tim+ ,= ea* fiscal ye>1 ! ,secret>y
 %all remove ! quantity ( c>bon dioxide 
requir$ "u subsection 7b7 = t fiscal ye>
 n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( t   
fiscal ye>4  7e7 ,small removal project 
set-,aside ,to ! ext5t practicable1 at  
lea/ #bj p]c5t ( ! net metric tons (    
c>bon dioxide requir$ to be remov$ "u   
subsection 7b7 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbf
 ?r\gh #bjce %all be remov$ ?r\gh small 
removal projects4  7f7 ,f$]al assi/ance 
,funds receiv$ pursuant to a contract   
ent]$ into "u subsection 7i7 %all n be  
consid]$ ,f$]al assi/ance or o!rwise    
affect eligibility = any ,f$]al         
assi/ance1 includ+ a tax inc5tive4  7g7 
,measurem5t1 monitor+1 report+1 &       
v]ification  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y1
 or an entity ) :i* ! ,secret>y ent]s   
into a contract "u subsection 7i71 %all 
ent] into a contract ) an indep5d5t ?ird

 p>ty to measure1 monitor1 report1 &    
v]ify ! net metric tons ( c>bon dioxide 
t ! ,secret>y or ! entity1 z applicable1
 removes = purposes ( ?is section4  7#b7
 ,/&>ds  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a   
ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !
 ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) !          
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic &   
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 !            
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal          
,protection ,ag5cy1 ! ,secret>y (       
,agriculture1 ! ,director ( ! ,national 
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology1 & o!r  
relevant ,f$]al ag5cies1 z det]m9$ by ! 
,secret>y1 %all e/abli% /&>ds = me?ods (
 measur+1 monitor+1 report+1 & v]ify+ ! 
net metric tons ( c>bon dioxide remov$  
pursuant to ?is section4  7,b7 ,cont5ts 
,! /&>ds e/abli%$ "u subp>agraph 7,a7   
%all-- 7i7 require ! use ( be/ available
 practices us$ by simil> c>bon dioxide  
removal projects2  7ii7 ensure safe1    
effective1 & effici5t removal ( c>bon   
dioxide2  7iii7 ensure additionality1   
durability1 & net-negativity ( c>bon    

dioxide removal2  7iv7 include crit]ia  
to det]m9e :e!r ! /orage ( captur$ c>bon
 dioxide is durable2  7v7 ensure        
sci5tifically rigor\s & transp>5t me?ods
 = measurem5t1 monitor+1 report+1 &     
v]ify+ "u p>agraph 7#a72 &  7vi7 be     
regul>ly review$ &1 z necess>y1 updat$  
to acc\nt = sci5tific & te*nological    
advancem5ts4  7#c7 ,indep5d5t ?ird      
p>ties ,an indep5d5t ?ird p>ty ent]+    
into a contract "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all   
be-- 7,a7 9 compliance ) ! /&>ds        
e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#b72 &  7,b7      
subject to ov]sight by ! ,secret>y4     
7#d7 ,prohibition on d\ble c\nt+ ,c>bon 
dioxide t is remov$ = ! purpose (       
comply+ ) any o!r gre5h\se gas emissions
 managem5t program1 includ+ any =eign1  
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 local1 or private        
gre5h\se gas emissions managem5t        
program1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1 may n
 be consid]$ remov$ "u subsection 7b7 = 
purposes ( meet+ ! requirem5ts ( t      
subsection4  7h7 ,priorities ,9 c>ry+   
out removal projects pursuant to        

subsection 7b71 ! ,secret>y %all give   
priority to projects bas$ on ! degree to
 :i* ! project-- 7#a7 m9imizes !        
quantity ( gre5h\se gas emissions       
releas$ by c>ry+ out ! project2  7#b7   
supports ! comm]cialization ( innovative
 removal te*nologies t demon/rate-- 7,a7
 ne>-t]m & long-t]m co/ competitiv5ess  
relative to simil> te*nologies2 &  7,b7 
a pot5tial to a*ieve ! economic         
feasibility requirem5ts e/abli%$ "u     
subsection 7c72  7#c7 increases !       
div]sity ( comm]cially available        
eligible te*nologies2  7#d7 provides =  
dome/ic job creation1 ) a fur!r pref]5ce
 = e/abli%+ p>tn]%ips ) labor           
organizations1 small bus9esses1         
m9ority-own$ bus9esses1 & wom5-own$     
bus9esses across value *a9s2  7#e7      
s\rces supply *a9 mat]ials dome/ically2 
7#f7 results 9 economic developm5t or   
economic div]sification 9 regions or    
localities t h hi/orically g5]at$       
significant economic activity f !       
production1 process+1 transportation1 or

 combu/ion ( fossil fuels1 includ+ ?r\gh
 ! use ( coal m9es1 fossil fuel-fir$    
electricity g5]at+ units1 & petroleum   
ref9+ facilities2  7#g7 quantifies &    
mitigates risks f c>bon dioxide removal 
activities on1 & provides measurable    
co-b5efits to1 ne>by communities &      
resid5ts1 ! environm5t1 agriculture1 &  
public heal?1 includ+ by-- 7,a7 improv+ 
local air quality1 wat] quality1 & soil 
quality2  7,b7 m9imiz+ l&1 wat]1 & en]gy
 footpr9ts2 &  7,c7 us+ z]o-emission    
en]gy1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable2 &
  7#h7 includes robu/ public engagem5t &
 community b5efits1 includ+ ! use (     
en=ceable community b5efits agreem5ts4  
7i7 ,contracts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!        
,secret>y may1 us+ a transp>5t &        
competitive process1 ent] into #a or m  
contracts to meet ! requirem5ts (       
subsection 7b74  7#b7 ,duration ,!      
duration ( a contract ent]$ into "u     
p>agraph 7#a7 %all n exce$ #ae ye>s4    
7#c7 ,limitation ,to ! ext5t t !re is a 
suffici5t numb] ( entities capable (    

remov+ c>bon dioxide 9 accordance ) ?is 
section "u a contract ent]$ into        
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y %all ensure t
 no s+ul> entity is responsible = remov+
 m ?an #be p]c5t ( ! net metric tons (  
c>bon dioxide requir$ to be remov$ "u   
subsection 7b7 9 any fiscal ye>4  7j7   
,report ,n lat] ?an ,janu>y #a1 #bjbi1 &
 e #b ye>s !reaft]1 ! ,secret>y %all    
submit to ,congress1 & make publicly    
available1 a report t describes !       
progress made 9 c>ry+ out ! requirem5ts 
( ?is section1 includ+1 ) respect to !  
p]iod cov]$ by ! report-- 7#a7 !        
quantities ( remov$ c>bon dioxide v]ifi$
 "u subsection 7g77#a7 & ! "n ( ea*     
indep5d5t ?ird p>ty t provid$ t v]ifi$  
quantity2  7#b7 ! total price1 & price  
p] metric ton1 ( remov+ c>bon dioxide = 
ea* applicable fiscal ye> z requir$ "u  
subsection 7b72  7#c7 ea* te*nology     
category1 ! am\nt ( en]gy1 & ea* /orage 
me*anism us$ to remove c>bon dioxide = !
 applicable fiscal ye> z requir$ "u     
subsection 7b72  7#d7 ea* location :]e  

c>bon dioxide 0 remov$ = ! applicable   
fiscal ye> z requir$ "u subsection 7b72 
7#e7 ! /&>ds e/abli%$ "u subsection     
7g77#b72  7#f7 an assessm5t ( h[ !      
quantities ( c>bon dioxide remov$ "u ?is
 section h affect$ ne>by communities &  
resid5ts1 ! environm5t1 agriculture1 &  
public heal?2  7#g7 in=mation on any    
pot5tial labor impacts & job creation   
result+ f c>ry+ out ! requirem5ts (     
subsection 7b72 &  7#h7 an explanation (
 h[ ! ,secret>y prioritiz$ projects "u  
subsection 7h74  7k7 ,au?orization (    
appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ su* sums z are necess>y to  
c>ry out ?is section4  #c4 ,/udy on !   
long-t]m future ( ,f$]al c>bon dioxide  
removal managem5t  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] 
?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is 
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy1 9           
consultation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !       
,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy1 !     
,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 & o!r relevant

 ,f$]al ag5cies1 z det]m9$ by !         
,secret>y ( ,en]gy1 %all submit to !    
,committee on ,en]gy & ,natural         
,res\rces ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on  
,en]gy & ,comm]ce ( ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives a report t evaluates &  
makes recomm5dations = pot5tial program 
design elem5ts & f9anc+ options = a     
,f$]al c>bon dioxide removal (ftake     
program t c be scal$ to a*ieve c>bon    
dioxide removal f ! atmosph]e & ! oceans
 at a gigaton scale annually by #bjej4  
7b7 ,cont5ts ,! report "u subsection 7a7
 %all include consid]ation ( pot5tial   
managem5t & organizational /ructures = !
 program describ$ 9 t subsection1       
includ+-- 7#a7 a gov]nm5t-sponsor$      
ent]prise2  7#b7 a gov]nm5t corporation2
  7#c7 a program (fice )9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,en]gy or ano!r ,f$]al ag5cy2 &  7#d7 a 
contract$ s]vice provid]4