,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #eadh  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #bh1 #bjbf,mr4   
,s*mitt introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d title   
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 conc]n+ case  
assignm5t proc$ures = di/rict & circuit 
c\rts to ensure r&omiz$ case assignm5ts4
  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ 
z ! ,block+ ,ov]t ,attempts at ,%opp+   
,by ,en=c+ ,r&omization ,guidel9es ,act 
or ! ,,boasb]g ,act4  #b4 ,purpose ,!   
purpose ( ?is ,act is to promote        
confid5ce 9 ! imp>tiality ( ! judici>y &
 prev5t undue influ5ce 9 ! assignm5t (  
cases 9 ! ,f$]al c\rts by m&at+ ! c\rts 
implem5t processes to r&omly assign     
cases among/ judges & reassign cases 9  
limit$ circum/ances foll[+ int]v5tion by
 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    
#c4 ,r&omiz$ case assignm5ts 9 di/rict  
c\rts2 reassignm5t foll[+ supreme c\rt  
int]v5tion ,section #acg ( title #bh1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at

 ! end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,r&om assignm5t ( 
civil proce$+s  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+  
subsection 7a71 all di/rict c\rts %all  
adopt & obs]ve a rule m&at+ ! r&om      
assignm5t ( all civil cases4 ,! rule    
%all ensure t no p>ty1 attorney1 or     
judge 7includ+ a *ief judge7 may select1
 direct1 or influ5ce ! assignm5t ( any  
case to a p>ticul> judge4  7#b7         
,exceptions ,a case may be reassign$ f  
its r&omly assign$ judge only "u !      
foll[+ circum/ances3 7,a7 ,if ! assign$ 
judge is requir$ to recuse or is o!rwise
 disqualifi$ "u ,f$]al law or judicial  
e?ics rules4  7,b7 ,if a case is        
sub/antially relat$ to a curr5tly p5d+  
case be=e ano!r judge 9 ! same di/rict1 
! assign$ judge may1 at ! discretion ( t
 judge1 consolidate or reassign ! case =
 judicial effici5cy if ! c\rt issues a  
memor&um requir$ "u p>agraph 7#e77;,b74 
7,c7 ,if ! *ief judge ( ! di/rict1      
publicly & ) ! cons5t ( a majority (    
active judges 9 ! di/rict1 c]tifies t = 
good cause & 9 ! int]e/ ( docket        

effici5cy a case ne$s to be reassign$ f 
! r&omly assign$ judge1 provid$ t !     
reassignm5t is n bas$ on ! id5tity ( !  
p>ties or attorneys involv$ or ! nature 
or subject matt] ( ! case4  7,d7 ,9 a   
circum/ance describ$ 9 subsection       
7d77#b74  7#c7 ,decl9+ a case assignm5t 
,a judge may n decl9e a case aft] ! case
 has be5 r&omly assign$ to t judge4 ,a  
judge designat$ z ! em]g5cy on-call     
judge = a p]iod may n decl9e a case     
assign$ dur+ t p]iod4  7#d7 ,rules =    
*ief judges ,a *ief judge ( a di/rict   
c\rt %all n self-assign cases outside ! 
r&omiz$ process4 ,! *ief judge ( a      
di/rict c\rt %all n use ! position (    
*ief judge to influ5ce ! assignm5t ( any
 case4  7#e7 ,transp>5cy  7,a7 ,9 g5]al 
,all di/rict c\rts %all publicly po/ &  
disclose any rules1 ord]s1 policies1 or 
plans reg>d+ ! assignm5t ( civil cases4 
7,b7 ,memor&um ,9 any civil case :]e a  
judge _c be r&omly assign$1 or a case is
 reassign$1 ! di/rict c\rt %all publicly
 issue a memor&um indicat+ t fact &     

expla9+ :y ! case c\ld n be r&omly      
assign$ or 0 reassign$4  7,c7 ,no po/+ (
 rules  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,to prev5t         
circumv5tion ( r&om case assignm5t1     
di/rict c\rts %all n publicly po/ or    
disclose any rules1 ord]s1 policies1 or 
plans reg>d+ ! id5tity ( ! judge on-call
 = em]g5cies4  7ii7 ,rule ( con/ruction 
,no?+ 9 ?is subp>agraph %all be         
int]pret$ to limit ! requirem5ts (      
subp>agraphs 7,b7 or 7,d74  7,d7        
,/ati/ical report ,! cl]k ( ! c\rt %all 
annually publi% a /ati/ical report      
summ>iz+ case assignm5ts1 includ+       
reassignm5t rates & reasons =           
reassignm5ts4  7#f7 ,protect+ r&om      
assignm5t ,any attempt to manipulate or 
evade ! r&omiz$ case assignm5t sy/em    
%all be subject to-- 7,a7 9 ! case (    
(f5d+ conduct by a lawy]1 sanctions1    
includ+ pot5tial case dismissal or      
discipl9>y action2  7,b7 9 ! case (     
(f5d+ conduct by a judge1 ! judicial    
misconduct process2 or  7,c7 9 ! case ( 
(f5d+ conduct by a c\rt employee1       

discipl9>y action1 includ+ pot5tial     
t]m9ation ( employm5t4  7#g7 ,s5ior     
judges ,case assignm5ts = s5ior judges  
%all be r&om to ! greate/ ext5t         
possible4 ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be   
con/ru$ to imp$e ! assignm5t ( cases to 
s5ior judges4  7#h7 ,rules ( con/ruction
 ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all be         
con/ru$-- 7,a7 to prev5t di/rict c\rts f
 assign+ cases fil$ )9 a division to #a 
or m judges2 or  7,b7 to affect !       
ability ( a s5ior judge to take on a    
r$uc$ caseload4  7d7 ,reassignm5t aft]  
errone\s rul+s  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+  
any o!r requirem5t1 9 any circum/ance   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 a case or     
controv]sy %all be reassign$1 ?r\gh a   
r&om assignm5t process1 f ! assign$     
di/rict judge to ano!r di/rict judge )9 
! di/rict4 ,if no su* judge is available
 9 ! same di/rict1 ! case or controv]sy 
%all be reassign$1 ?r\gh a r&om         
assignm5t process1 to ano!r available   
di/rict judge )9 ! circuit1 to ! ext5t  
practicable & consi/5t ) applicable law4

  7#b7 ,circum/ances describ$ ,!        
circum/ances describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are
 circum/ances 9 :i* ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7,a7 vacates or        
rev]ses1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ! judgm5t ( !  
di/rict c\rt2  7,b7 vacates or rev]ses1 
9 :ole or 9 "p1 an injunction grant$ by 
! di/rict c\rt2  7,c7 vacates or        
rev]ses1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 ! judgm5t ( !  
c\rt ( appeals t affirm$ ! di/rict c\rt 
9 relevant "p2  7,d7 issues an          
extraord9>y writ au?oriz$ by section    
#afea 9 ! case2  7,e7 issues a /ay 7o!r 
?an an adm9i/rative /ay7 ( an ord] ( !  
di/rict c\rt2  7,f7 issues an injunction
 :]e ! di/rict c\rt _h decl9$ to issue  
su* an injunction2  7,g7 issues a writ (
 prohibition or m&amus involv+ ! assign$
 di/rict judge relat$ to ! case2  7,h7  
issues a writ ( habeas corpus :]e !     
di/rict c\rt decl9$ to issue su* a writ 
& ! prison] is a ,f$]al (fic] describ$ 9
 section #addb4  4  #d4 ,r&omiz$ panel &
 case assignm5ts 9 ! circuit c\rts      
,section #df7;b7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$    

,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+  
7b7 ,9 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7b7 7#a7 ,9  
2 &  7#b7 by /rik+ ! ?ird s5t5ce & all t
 foll[s ?r\gh ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  
7#b7 ,9 ea* circuit1 ! c\rt %all adopt &
 obs]ve a rule provid+ = ! r&om         
assignm5t ( judges to su* panels4 ,!    
rule %all ensure t no p>ty1 attorney1 or
 judge 7includ+ a *ief judge7 may       
select1 direct1 or influ5ce ! assignm5t 
( any judge to a p>ticul> panel4  7#c7  
,9 ea* circuit1 ! c\rt %all adopt &     
obs]ve a rule provid+ = ! r&om assignm5t
 ( su* panels to cases & controv]sies4  
,! rule %all ensure t no p>ty1 attorney1
 or judge may select1 direct1 or        
influ5ce ! assignm5t ( any panel to a   
p>ticul> case or controv]sy4  7#d7 ,a   
judge may be reassign$ f a r&omly       
assign$ panel1 & a panel may be         
reassign$ f a r&omly assign$ case or    
controv]sy1 only "u ! foll[+            
circum/ances3 7,a7 ,if an assign$ judge 
is requir$ to recuse or is o!rwise      
disqualifi$ "u ,f$]al law or judicial   

e?ics rules4  7,b7 ,if a case or        
controv]sy is sub/antially relat$ to a  
curr5tly p5d+ case or controv]sy be=e   
ano!r panel 9 ! circuit1 t panel may1 at
 its discretion1 consolidate or reassign
 ! case = judicial effici5cy4  7,c7 ,if 
! *ief judge ( ! circuit1 publicly & ) !
 cons5t ( a majority ( active judges 9 !
 circuit1 c]tifies t = good cause & 9 ! 
int]e/ ( docket effici5cy a case ne$s to
 be reassign$ f ! r&omly assign$ panel1 
provid$ t su* reassignm5t is n bas$ on !
 id5tity ( ! p>ties or attorneys involv$
 or ! nature or subject matt] ( ! case4 
7#e7 ,not)/&+ any?+ 9 ?is subsection to 
! contr>y1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (      
,appeals = ! ,f$]al ,circuit %all       
det]m9e by rule a proc$ure = ! rotation 
( judges f panel to panel to ensure t   
all ( ! judges sit on a repres5tative   
cross section ( ! cases he>d &1 not)/&+ 
! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is subsection1 may     
det]m9e by rule ! numb] ( judges1 n few]
 ?an ?ree1 :o con/itute a panel4  7#f7  
,a judge may n decl9e an assignm5t to a 

panel1 & a panel may n decl9e an        
assignm5t to a case or controv]sy1 aft] 
! relevant r&om assignm5t process4 ,a   
judge assign$ z an em]g5cy on-call judge
 or to an em]g5cy on-call panel = a     
p]iod %all n decl9e a case dur+ t p]iod4
 ,a panel assign$ to be on-call =       
em]g5cies = a p]iod %all n decl9e a case
 dur+ t p]iod4 ,no?+ 9 ?is p>agraph %all
 be con/ru$ to affect ! ability ( a     
s5ior judge to take on a r$uc$ caseload4
  7#g7 ,a *ief judge ( a circuit %all n 
self-assign to a panel1 or self-assign a
 panel on :i* he or %e sits to a case or
 controv]sy1 outside ! r&omiz$ process4 
,! *ief judge ( a circuit %all n use !  
position ( *ief judge to influ5ce !     
assignm5t ( any judge to a panel or any 
panel to any case or controv]sy4  7#h7  
7,a7 ,all circuit c\rts %all publicly   
po/ & disclose any rules1 ord]s1        
policies1 or plans reg>d+ ! assignm5t ( 
civil cases4  7,b7 ,9 any civil case :]e
 a judge _c be r&omly assign$ to a panel
 or a panel _c be r&omly assign$ to a   

case or controv]sy1 or :]e a judge is   
reassign$ f a panel or a panel is       
reassign$ f a case or controv]sy1 !     
circuit c\rt %all publicly issue a      
memor&um indicat+ t fact & expla9+ :y ! 
judge1 panel1 or case c\ld n be r&omly  
assign$ or 0 reassign$4  7,c7 7i7 ,to   
prev5t circumv5tion ( r&om panel & case 
assignm5t1 circuit c\rts %all n publicly
 po/ or disclose any rules1 ord]s1      
policies1 or plans reg>d+ ! id5tity ( ! 
judges or panel on-call = em]g5cies4    
7ii7 ,?is subp>agraph %all n be         
int]pret$ to limit ! requirem5ts (      
subp>agraphs 7,b7 or 7,d74  7,d7 ,! cl]k
 ( ! c\rt %all annually publi% a        
/ati/ical report summ>iz+ case          
assignm5ts1 includ+ reassignm5t rates & 
reasons = reassignm5ts4  7#i7 ,any      
attempt to manipulate or evade ! r&omiz$
 case assignm5t sy/em %all be subject   
to-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( (f5d+ conduct by a 
lawy]1 sanctions1 includ+ pot5tial case 
dismissal or discipl9>y action2  7,b7 9 
! case ( (f5d+ conduct by a judge1 !    

judicial misconduct process2 or  7,c7 9 
! case ( (f5d+ conduct by a c\rt        
employee1 discipl9>y action1 includ+    
pot5tial t]m9ation ( employm5t4  7#aj7  
,panel assignm5ts = s5ior judges %all be
 r&om to ! greate/ ext5t possible4 ,no?+
 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to imp$e 
! assignm5t ( s5ior judges to panels4  4
  7#aa7 7,a7 ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all
 be con/ru$ to prohibit a c\rt ( appeals
 f ma9ta9+ sep>ate r&omiz$ proc$ures =  
m]its panels1 motions panels1 em]g5cy   
panels1 scre5+ panels1 or o!r categories
 ( appellate bus9ess4  7,b7 ,! proc$ures
 describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 %all       
prohibit any p>ty1 attorney1 or judge f 
select+1 direct+1 or influ5c+ !         
assignm5t ( a p>ticul> judge or panel to
 a p>ticul> case or controv]sy4  4  #e4 
,r&om assignm5t to ?ree-judge di/rict   
c\rts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #aee1 ( title
 #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--   
7#a7 9 section #bbhd7;b77#a71 9 ! fir/  
s5t5ce1 by /rik+ designate two o!r      
judges1 at lea/ "o ( :om %all be a      

circuit judge & ins]t+ cause two o!r    
judges1 at lea/ "o ( :om %all be a      
circuit judge1 to be designat$ ?r\gh !  
r&om assignm5t or designation process   
requir$ "u section #bbhe2 &  7#b7 by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #bbhe4 ,r&om   
assignm5t & designation = ?ree-judge    
di/rict c\rts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ea*      
circuit1 ! c\rt %all adopt & obs]ve a   
rule provid+ = ! r&om assignm5t or      
designation ( judges f ! relevant pools 
( di/rict & circuit judges to ?ree-judge
 di/rict c\rts 9 any action requir$ to  
be he>d & det]m9$ by a di/rict c\rt (   
?ree judges4 ,! rule %all ensure t no   
p>ty1 attorney1 or judge 7includ+ a *ief
 judge7 may select1 direct1 or influ5ce 
! assignm5t ( any judge to a p>ticul>   
?ree-judge c\rt4  7b7 ,exceptions ,a    
judge may be reassign$ or r$esignat$ f a
 r&omly assign$ or designat$ ?ree-judge 
di/rict c\rt only "u ! foll[+           
circum/ances3 7#a7 ,if an assign$ or    
designat$ judge is requir$ to recuse or 
is o!rwise disqualifi$ "u ,f$]al law or 

judicial e?ics rules4  7#b7 ,if a case  
or controv]sy is sub/antially relat$ to 
a curr5tly p5d+ case or controv]sy be=e 
ano!r ?ree-judge c\rt 9 ! circuit1 t    
?ree-judge c\rt may1 at its discretion1 
consolidate or reassign ! case =        
judicial effici5cy4  7#c7 ,if ! *ief    
judge ( ! circuit1 publicly & ) ! cons5t
 ( a majority ( active judges 9 !       
circuit1 c]tifies t = good cause & 9 !  
int]e/ ( docket effici5cy a judge ne$s  
to be reassign$ or r$esignat$ f ! r&omly
 assign$ or designat$ c\rt1 provid$ t   
su* reassignm5t or r$esignation is n    
bas$ on ! id5tity ( ! p>ties or         
attorneys involv$ or ! nature or subject
 matt] ( ! case4  7c7 ,decl9+ panel or  
case assignm5ts ,a judge may n decl9e an
 assignm5t or designation to a          
?ree-judge di/rict c\rt aft] ! r&om     
assignm5t or designation process4 ,no?+ 
9 ?is subsection %all be con/ru$ to     
affect ! ability ( a s5ior judge to take
 on a r$uc$ caseload4  7d7 ,rules = *ief
 judges ,a *ief judge %all n self-assign

 or self-designate to a ?ree-judge      
di/rict c\rt outside ! r&omiz$ process4 
,a *ief judge %all n use ! position (   
*ief judge to influ5ce ! assignm5t or   
designation ( any judge to a ?ree-judge 
di/rict c\rt4  7e7 ,transp>5cy  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,all circuit c\rts %all publicly  
po/ & disclose any rules1 ord]s1        
policies1 or plans reg>d+ ! r&om        
assignm5t or designation ( judges to    
?ree-judge di/rict c\rts4  7#b7         
,memor&um ,9 any civil case :]e judges  
_c be r&omly assign$ or designat$ to a  
?ree-judge di/rict c\rt1 or :]e a judge 
is reassign$ or r$esignat$ f a          
?ree-judge di/rict c\rt or a ?ree-judge 
di/rict c\rt is reassign$ or r$esignat$ 
f a case or controv]sy1 ! circuit c\rt  
%all publicly issue a memor&um indicat+ 
t fact & expla9+ :y ! judge1 ?ree-judge 
di/rict c\rt1 or case c\ld n be r&omly  
assign$ or designat$1 or 0 reassign$ or 
r$esignat$4  7#c7 ,report ,! cl]k ( !   
c\rt %all annually publi% a /ati/ical   
report summ>iz+ ?ree-judge di/rict c\rt 

assignm5ts & designations1 includ+      
reassignm5t or r$esignation rates &     
reasons = reassignm5ts or r$esignations4
  7f7 ,protect+ r&om assignm5t ,any     
attempt to manipulate or evade ! r&omiz$
 assignm5t or designation sy/em %all be 
subject to-- 7#a7 9 ! case ( (f5d+      
conduct by a lawy]1 sanctions1 includ+  
pot5tial case dismissal or discipl9>y   
action2  7#b7 9 ! case ( (f5d+ conduct  
by a judge1 ! judicial misconduct       
process2 or  7#c7 9 ! case ( (f5d+      
conduct by a c\rt employee1 discipl9>y  
action1 includ+ pot5tial t]m9ation (    
employm5t4  7g7 ,s5ior judges           
,?ree-judge di/rict c\rt assignm5ts or  
designations = s5ior judges %all be r&om
 to ! greate/ ext5t possible4 ,no?+ 9   
?is section %all be con/ru$ to imp$e !  
assignm5t or designation ( s5ior judges 
to ?ree-judge di/rict c\rts4  4  7b7    
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table (   
sections = *apt] #aee is am5d$ by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  #bbhe4 ,r&om        
assignm5t & designation = ?ree-judge    

di/rict c\rts4  4  #f4 ,implem5tation ,n
 lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date (       
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! di/rict c\rts ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & ! c\rts ( appeals ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates %all promulgate ! rules   
requir$ by ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act4 
#g4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is
 ,act1 an am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1 or !
 application ( su* a provision or       
am5dm5t to any p>ticul> p]son or        
circum/ance is held invalid1 ! rema9+   
provisions ( ?is ,act & am5dm5ts made by
 ?is ,act1 & ! application ( su*        
provisions & am5dm5ts to any o!r p]son  
or circum/ance1 %all n be affect$ !reby4