,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dhbh  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #ah1 #bjbf,mr4   
,s*mitt introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice1 consid]$1 read ! ?ird "t &  
pass$  ,a ,,bill  ,to reaffirm !        
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce z an ,organic 
,law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #a4 ,%ort title
 ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,decl>ation (
 ,indep5d5ce ,reaffirmation ,act (      
#bjbf4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !     
foll[+3 7#a7 ,on ,july #d1 #aggf1 !     
,cont95tal ,congress adopt$ !           
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4  7#b7 ,!     
,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce ann\nc$ t !   
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica 7 free &        
indep5d5t ,/ates4  7#c7 ,! ,decl>ation (
 ,indep5d5ce decl>es t all m5 are creat$
 equal1 t !y are end[$ by _! ,creator ) 
c]ta9 unali5able rights1 & t gov]nm5ts  
d]ive _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4  
7#d7 ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce is    
recogniz$ among ! ,organic ,laws ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 ,! ,nor?we/        
,ord9ance 0 adopt$ by ! ,congress ( !   

,conf$]ation 9 #aghg1 & 0 !reaft]       
re5act$ by ! ,fir/ ,congress 9 #aghi1 s 
t x c\ld cont9ue to h full effect "u !  
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#f7   
,congress has au?ority to recognize1    
reaffirm1 & c>ry =w>d ! f\ndational laws
 & pr9ciples ( ! ,am]ican political     
ord]4  7#g7 ,! #bej? anniv]s>y (        
,am]ican indep5d5ce calls ^u ,congress  
to reaffirm ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 
z ! *>t] ( ,am]ican sov]eignty1 natural 
rights1 equal citiz5%ip1 & gov]nm5t by  
cons5t4  7#h7 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates gives lawful =m & endur+        
/ructure to ! pr9ciples ( republican    
self-gov]nm5t ann\nc$ 9 ! ,decl>ation ( 
,indep5d5ce4  7#i7 ,! ,decl>ation (     
,indep5d5ce & ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates toge!r e/abli% a political ord] 9
 :i* ! p are sov]eign & public (fic]s   
are _! s]vants4  7#aj7 ,! ,decl>ation ( 
,indep5d5ce presupposes t ,am]icans are 
"o p ) ! "r to gov]n !mselves z a di/9ct
 political community1 to pres]ve _!     
national indep5d5ce1 & to secure !      

rights & lib]ties ( _! own citiz5s4  #c4
 ,reaffirmation ( ! ,decl>ation (       
,indep5d5ce ,congress reaffirms &       
re-adopts ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce z 
an ,organic ,law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & z !
 endur+ *>t] ( ,am]ican indep5d5ce1     
national sov]eignty1 natural rights1    
equal citiz5%ip1 & gov]nm5t by cons5t4  
#d4 ,text ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce 
,9 commemoration ( ! #bej? anniv]s>y (  
,am]ican indep5d5ce1 ,congress sets =? !
 text ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce z   
foll[s3  ,! unanim\s ,decl>ation ( !    
?irte5 unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 ,:5 9 !  
,c\rse ( human ev5ts1 x becomes necess>y
 = "o p to dissolve ! political b&s :i* 
h connect$ !m ) ano!r1 & to assume among
 ! ,p[]s ( ! e>?1 ! sep>ate & equal     
/ation to :i* ! ,laws ( ,nature & (     
,nature's ,god entitle !m1 a dec5t      
respect to ! op9ions ( mank9d requires t
 !y %\ld decl>e ! causes :i* impel !m to
 ! sep>ation4  ,we hold ^! tru?s to be  
self-evid5t1 t all m5 are creat$ equal1 
t !y are end[$1 by _! ,creator1 ) c]ta9 

unali5able ,rights1 t among ^! are      
,life1 ,lib]ty1 & ! pursuit (           
,happ9ess4--,t to secure ^! rights1     
,gov]nm5ts are in/itut$ among ,m51 d]iv+
 _! j p[]s f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1--,t   
:5ev] any ,=m ( ,gov]nm5t becomes       
de/ructive ( ^! ends1 x is ! ,"r ( ! ,p 
to alt] or aboli% x1 & to in/itute new  
,gov]nm5t1 lay+ its f\ndation on su*    
pr9ciples1 & organiz+ its p[]s 9 su* =m1
 z to !m %all seem mo/ likely to effect 
_! ,safety & ,happ9ess4 ,prud5ce1 inde$1
 w dictate t ,gov]nm5ts long e/abli%$   
%\ld n be *ang$ = light & transi5t      
causes2 &1 accord+ly1 all exp]i5ce ha?  
%ewn1 t mank9d are m dispos$ to suff]1  
:ile evils are suff]able1 ?an to "r     
!mselves1 by aboli%+ ! =ms to :i* !y are
 accu/om$4 ,b :5 a long tra9 ( abuses & 
usurpations1 pursu+ inv>iably ! same    
,object1 ev9ces a design to r$uce !m "u 
absolute ,despotism1 x is _! "r1 x is _!
 duty1 to ?r[ (f su* ,gov]nm5t1 & to    
provide new ,gu>ds = _! future          
security4--,su* has be5 ! pati5t        

suff]ance ( ^! ,colonies2 & su* is n[ ! 
necessity :i* con/ra9s !m to alt] _! =m]
 ,sy/ems ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! hi/ory ( !     
pres5t ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9 is a hi/ory 
( repeat$ injuries & usurpations1 all   
hav+1 9 direct object1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an
 absolute ,tyranny ov] ^! ,/ates4 ,to   
prove ?is1 let ,facts be submitt$ to a  
c&id _w4  ,he has refus$ 8 ,ass5t to    
,laws1 ! mo/ :olesome & necess>y = !    
public good4  ,he has =bidd5 8 ,gov]nors
 to pass ,laws ( imm$iate & press+      
importance1 unless susp5d$ 9 _! op]ation
 till 8 ,ass5t %\ld be obta9$2 &1 :5 s  
susp5d$1 he has utt]ly neglect$ to att5d
 to !m4  ,he has refus$ to pass o!r     
,laws = ! accommodation ( l>ge di/ricts 
( p1 unless ^? p w\ld rel9qui% ! ,"r (  
,repres5tation 9 ! ,legislature2 a "r   
ine/imable to !m1 & =midable to tyrants 
only4  ,he has call$ toge!r legislative 
bodies at places unusual1 uncom=table1 &
 di/ant f ! depository ( _! ,public     
,records1 = ! sole purpose ( fatigu+ !m 
into compliance ) 8 measures4  ,he has  

dissolv$ ,repres5tative ,h\ses          
repeat$ly1 = oppos+ ) manly firmness 8  
invasions on ! rights ( ! p4  ,he has   
refus$ = a long "t1 aft] su*            
dissolutions1 to cause o!rs to be       
elect$2 :]eby ! ,legislative ,p[]s1     
incapable ( ,annihilation1 h return$ to 
! ,p at l>ge = _! ex]cise2 ! ,/ate      
rema9+1 9 ! meantime1 expos$ to all !   
dang]s ( invasion f )\t1 & convulsions  
)94  ,he has endeav\r$ to prev5t !      
population ( ^! ,/ates2 = t purpose1    
ob/ruct+ ! ,laws = ,naturalization (    
,=eign]s2 refus+ to pass o!rs to        
enc\rage _! migrations hi!r1 & rais+ !  
conditions ( new ,appropriations ( ,l&s4
  ,he has ob/ruct$ ! ,adm9i/ration (    
,ju/ice1 by refus+ 8 ,ass5t to ,laws =  
e/abli%+ ,judici>y ,p[]s4  ,he has made 
,judges dep5d5t on 8 ,w alone1 = ! t5ure
 ( _! (fices1 & ! am\nt & paym5t ( _!   
sal>ies4  ,he has erect$ a multitude (  
,new ,(fices1 & s5t hi!r sw>ms ( ,(fic]s
 to h>ass our ,p1 & eat out _! sub/ance4
  ,he has kept among u1 9 times ( peace1

 ,/&+ ,armies1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( our      
legislatures4  ,he has affect$ to r5d] !
 ,milit>y indep5d5t ( & sup]ior to !    
,civil ,p[]4  ,he has comb9$ ) o!rs to  
subject u to a jurisdiction =eign to our
 ,con/itution & unackn[l$g$ by our      
,laws2 giv+ 8 ,ass5t to _! ,acts (      
pret5d$ ,legislation3 ,= qu>t]+ l>ge    
bodies ( arm$ troops among u3  ,=       
protect+ !m1 by a mock ,trial1 f        
puni%m5t = any ,murd]s :i* !y %\ld      
commit on ! ,inhabitants ( ^! ,/ates3   
,= cutt+ (f our ,trade ) all p>ts ( !   
_w3  ,= impos+ ,taxes on u )\t our      
,cons5t3  ,= depriv+ u1 9 _m cases1 ( ! 
b5efits ( ,trial by ,jury3  ,=          
transport+ u beyond ,seas to be tri$ =  
pret5d$ (f5ces3  ,= aboli%+ ! free      
,sy/em ( ,engli% ,laws 9 a neighb\r+    
,prov9ce1 e/abli%+ !re9 an ,arbitr>y    
gov]nm5t1 & enl>g+ its ,b\nd>ies1 s z to
 r5d] x at once an example & fit        
in/rum5t = introduc+ ! same absolute    
rule into ^! ,colonies3  ,= tak+ away   
our ,*>t]s1 aboli%+ our mo/ valuable    

,laws1 & alt]+ fundam5tally ! ,=ms ( our
 ,gov]nm5ts3  ,= susp5d+ our own        
,legislatures1 & decl>+ !mselves inve/$ 
) p[] to legislate = u 9 all cases      
:atsoev]4  ,he has abdicat$ ,gov]nm5t   
"h1 by decl>+ u out ( 8 ,protection &   
wag+ ,w> aga9/ u4  ,he has plund]$ our  
seas1 ravag$ our ,coa/s1 burnt our t[ns1
 & de/roy$ ! lives ( our p4  ,he is1 at 
?is "t1 transport+ l>ge ,armies ( =eign 
,m]c5>ies to complete ! works ( dea?1   
desolation1 & tyranny1 already begun1 ) 
circum/ances ( ,cruelty & ,p]fidy       
sc>cely p>allel$ 9 ! mo/ b>b>\s ages1 & 
totally unwor?y ! ,head ( a civiliz$    
nation4  ,he has con/ra9$ our fell[     
,citiz5s1 tak5 ,captive on ! high ,seas1
 to be> ,arms aga9/ _! ,c\ntry1 to      
become ! execution]s ( _! fri5ds &      
,bre?r51 or to fall !mselves by _! ,h&s4
  ,he has excit$ dome/ic insurrections  
among/ u1 & has endeav\r$ to br+ on !   
inhabitants ( our fronti]s ! m]ciless   
,indian ,savages1 ^: kn[n rule ( w>f>e  
is an undi/+ui%$ de/ruction ( all ages1 

sexes1 & conditions4  ,9 e /age ( ^!    
,oppressions1 ,we h ,petition$ = ,r$ress
 9 ! mo/ humble t]ms3 ,our repeat$      
,petitions h be5 answ]$ only by repeat$ 
injury4 ,a ,pr9ce1 ^: "* is ?us m>k$ by 
e act :i* may def9e a ,tyrant1 is unfit 
to be ! rul] ( a free p4  ,nor h ,we be5
 want+ 9 att5tions to our ,briti%       
bre?r54 ,we h w>n$ !m1 f "t to "t1 (    
attempts by _! legislature to ext5d an  
unw>rantable jurisdiction ov] u4 ,we h  
rem9d$ !m ( ! circum/ances ( our        
emigration & settlem5t "h4 ,we h appeal$
 to _! native ,ju/ice & ,magnanimity1 & 
,we h conjur$ !m1 by ! ties ( our common
 k9dr$1 to disav[ ^! usurpations1 :i*   
w\ld inevitably int]rupt our connections
 & correspond5ce4 ,!y1 too1 h be5 deaf  
to ! voice ( ju/ice & ( consangu9ity4   
,we mu/1 !re=e1 acquiesce 9 ! necessity 
:i* d5\nces our ,sep>ation1 & hold !m1 z
 ,we hold ! re/ ( mank9d1 ,enemies 9    
,w>1 9 ,peace ,fri5ds4  ,we1 !re=e1 !   
,repres5tatives ( ! unit$ ,/ates (      
,am]ica1 9 ,g5]al ,congress assembl$1   

appeal+ to ! ,supreme ,judge ( ! _w = ! 
rectitude ( our int5tions1 d1 9 ! ,"n & 
by ! ,au?ority ( ! good ,p ( ^!         
,colonies1 solemnly publi% & decl>e1 ,t 
^! ,unit$ ,colonies are1 & ( ,"r ought  
to be1 ,free & ,indep5d5t ,/ates2 t !y  
are ,absolv$ f all ,allegiance to !     
,briti% ,cr[n2 & t all political        
connection betwe5 !m & ! ,/ate ( ,great 
,brita9 is1 & ought to be1 totally      
dissolv$2 & t1 z ,free & ,indep5d5t     
,/ates1 !y h full ,p[] to levy ,w>1     
conclude ,peace1 contract ,alliances1   
e/abli% ,comm]ce1 & d all o!r ,acts &   
,?+s :i* ,indep5d5t ,/ates may ( "r d4  
,& = ! support ( ?is ,decl>ation1 ) a   
firm reliance on ! protection ( div9e   
,provid5ce1 ,we mutually pl$ge to ea*   
o!r our ,lives1 our ,=tunes1 & our sacr$
 ,honor4  4