,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #dgjh ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,june #h1 #bjbf,mr4 ,lee introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,a ,,bill ,to improve the security of the ,arctic1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,arctic ,security and ,diplomacy ,act4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the ,arctic is a critical domain for the security and sovereignty of the ,united ,states and faces elevated risks related to the threats of territorial expansion and violation1 influence operations1 sabotage of critical undersea infrastructure1 and espionage by foreign adversaries1 particularly the ,people's ,republic of ,china and the ,russian ,federation4 7#b7 ,the ,russian ,federation holds a significant portion of the ,arctic1 accounting for approximately #ec percent of the ,arctic ,ocean coastline1 and has significantly expanded its military basing infrastructure and capabilities in the region4 7#c7 ,in #bjah1 the ,people's ,republic of ,china declared that it is a ,near-,arctic ,state with significant interests in the ,arctic and is attempting to become a polar great power through economic expansion1 scientific investments1 and dual-use civilian and military infrastructure4 7#d7 ,the ,russian ,federation is cooperating with the ,people's ,republic of ,china to establish a ,polar ,silk ,road in the ,arctic1 and the two countries are working together to strengthen cooperation in polar shipbuilding and ship technology4 7#e7 ,the ,people's ,republic of ,china has made multiple attempts to gain strategic footholds in the ,arctic1 has research stations in ,norway's ,svalbard archipelago and in ,iceland1 and consistently attempts to co-opt and manipulate civilian science and research activities1 university partnerships1 and multilateral science and research initiatives throughout the ,arctic4 7#f7 ,the ,people's ,republic of ,china has observer status on the ,arctic ,council1 has significantly increased diplomatic engagement with ,nordic countries1 and uses investments in cooperative marine scientific research as a form of soft power in the ,arctic4 7#g7 ,the ,people's ,republic of ,china engages in extensive marine surveying1 much of which has dual-use risk for military applications1 including seabed mapping1 ,,nato asset monitoring1 and other espionage-related activity4 7#h7 ,in #bjbb1 the ,danish ,security and ,intelligence ,service reported several attempts at espionage by the ,people's ,republic of ,china against ,denmark1 ,greenland1 and the ,faroe ,islands4 7#i7 ,in #bjbd1 the ,canadian ,security ,intelligence ,service warned of espionage activity by the ,people's ,republic of ,china and the ,russian ,federation1 and the ,canadian military discovered and removed buoys in the ,arctic owned by the ,people's ,republic of ,china4 7#aj7 ,in #bjbe1 the head of the ,national ,police ,commission in ,iceland warned that the ,china-,iceland ,arctic ,science ,observatory poses dual-use risks and may be used for espionage4 7#aa7 ,the #bjbf ,annual ,threat ,assessment by the intelligence community describes the ,russian ,federation as our primary challenge in the ,arctic ''' ,moscow is seeking to expand and deepen its presence in the ,arctic through increased maritime trade1 natural resource extraction1 and military activity1 while warning that the ,people's ,republic of ,china seeks to expand its ,arctic presence using scientific research1 investments1 and commercial ventures along the ,northern ,sea ,route4 7#ab7 ,the #bjbe ,,nato ,maritime ,strategy highlighted the ,russian ,federation's military build-up in the ,arctic and use of hybrid threats like sabotage against critical undersea infrastructure1 while warning that the ,people's ,republic of ,china is pursuing a military build-up1 including rapidly expanding its naval capabilities1 increasing its use of dual-use military-scientific vessels and surging its presence in the ,high ,north and the ,arctic1 while remaining opaque about its intentions4 7#ac7 ,according to the ,department of ,homeland ,security1 an unprecedented number of military and research vessels of the ,people's ,republic of ,china are operating in or near ,united ,states ,arctic waters4 7#ad7 ,it is in the interests of ,arctic countries to cooperatively limit the ability of the ,people's ,republic of ,china to conduct further espionage in the ,arctic4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,agency ,the term agency has the meaning given the term ,executive agency in section #aje of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations1 the ,committee on ,homeland ,security and ,governmental ,affairs1 and the ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs1 the ,committee on ,homeland ,security1 and the ,permanent ,select ,committee on ,intelligence of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#c7 ,arctic ,the term ,arctic has the meaning given that term in section #aab of the ,arctic ,research and ,policy ,act of #aihd 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #daaa74 7#d7 ,covered activities ,the term covered activities means marine surveys that may pose dual-use risks for civilian and military applications1 including-- 7,a7 exploration of natural resources2 7,b7 seabed mapping1 hydrographic surveys1 and oceanographic surveys2 7,c7 data collection related to subsea assets and infrastructure2 7,d7 operation of unmanned maritime systems2 and 7,e7 any other activity designated by the ,secretary of ,state as posing a risk to national security4 7#e7 ,covered vessel ,the term covered vessel means a foreign vessel that-- 7,a7 is a vessel of a foreign adversary2 or 7,b7 the ,secretary of ,state reasonably believes to be associated with a foreign adversary in a manner that threatens the security of the ,united ,states4 7#f7 ,exclusive economic zone ,the term exclusive economic zone means1 with respect to the ,united ,states1 including the ,commonwealth of ,puerto ,rico1 the ,commonwealth of the ,northern ,mariana ,islands1 ,guam1 ,american ,samoa1 the ,united ,states ,virgin ,islands1 and any other territory or possession over which the ,united ,states exercises sovereignty1 the zone seaward of and adjacent to the territorial sea1 including the contiguous zone1 and extending #bjj nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline 7except where otherwise limited by treaty or other agreement recognized by the ,united ,states7 in which the ,united ,states has sovereign rights and jurisdiction4 7#g7 ,foreign adversary ,the term foreign adversary means any foreign government or foreign nongovernment person engaged in a long-term pattern or serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the national security of the ,united ,states or the security and safety of ,united ,states persons1 including-- 7,a7 the ,democratic ,people's ,republic of ,korea2 7,b7 the ,islamic ,republic of ,iran2 7,c7 the ,people's ,republic of ,china2 and 7,d7 the ,russian ,federation4 7#h7 ,foreign vessel ,the term foreign vessel means any vessel that is-- 7,a7 owned1 operated1 or chartered by a foreign government2 7,b7 owned or controlled by an entity organized under the laws of1 headquartered in1 or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of a foreign country2 or 7,c7 registered under the flag of a foreign country4 7#i7 ,intelligence community ,the term intelligence community has the meaning given that term in section #c of the ,national ,security ,act of #aidg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #cjjc74 7#aj7 ,marine scientific research ,the term marine scientific research means any activity that is-- 7,a7 undertaken in the ocean to expand knowledge of the marine environment and its processes1 including data collection activities2 and 7,b7 regulated by the ,united ,states under the ,presidential ,proclamation on ,revision to ,united ,states ,marine ,scientific ,research ,policy of ,september #bjbj4 7#aa7 ,territorial sea ,the term territorial sea means the waters extending to #ab nautical miles from the baselines of the ,united ,states4 7#ab7 ,united ,states waters ,the term ,united ,states waters means-- 7,a7 the territorial sea of the ,united ,states2 7,b7 the exclusive economic zone of the ,united ,states2 and 7,c7 the continental shelf of the ,united ,states1 as it pertains to marine scientific research and other activities on the seabed or subsoil4 #d4 ,statement of policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states-- 7#a7 to limit espionage and influence operations by foreign adversaries in the ,arctic and in ,united ,states waters2 7#b7 to inform allied countries with a presence in the ,arctic about the espionage and influence operations of foreign adversaries in the ,arctic1 including espionage through covered activities2 7#c7 to condition support from the ,federal ,government for marine surveys on cooperation with counterespionage in the ,arctic and in ,united ,states waters1 including limitations on information sharing of data obtained through covered activities in the ,arctic and in ,united ,states waters2 and 7#d7 to leverage all appropriate diplomatic means available to ensure the security of the ,arctic and the sovereignty of ,united ,states waters through the enforcement of section #f1 including through-- 7,a7 demarches2 7,b7 public condemnations2 7,c7 diplomatic sanctions2 7,d7 coordination of multilateral diplomatic pressure2 7,e7 motions to remove an offending country from ,arctic-related multilateral bodies and cooperatives2 and 7,f7 any other diplomatic means authorized by law4 #e4 ,strategy 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,state1 in coordination with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community and the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 shall produce a strategy to identify and combat espionage and influence operations by foreign adversaries in the ,arctic4 7b7 ,elements ,the strategy required by paragraph 7#a7 shall include-- 7#a7 identifying and countering espionage activities in the ,arctic2 7#b7 diplomatic methods to enforce section #f2 and 7#c7 as appropriate1 enlistment of and coordination with allied countries that have a presence in the ,arctic to combat espionage by foreign adversaries4 #f4 ,marine scientific research in ,united ,states waters 7a7 ,in general ,no foreign scientist may conduct a maritime scientific research project in ,united ,states waters without prior consent from the ,united ,states ,government provided in accordance with this section and with appropriate international customs as determined by the ,secretary of ,state4 7b7 ,requirements2 applications ,the ,secretary of ,state1 in coordination with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community and the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 shall-- 7#a7 require foreign vessels to obtain prior consent to conduct maritime scientific research in ,united ,states waters2 and 7#b7 implement a process for reviewing applications for such consent4 7c7 ,information sharing ,to facilitate the process for reviewing applications to conduct maritime scientific research under this section1 the head of each agency shall share information related to such maritime scientific research with the ,department of ,state unless otherwise prohibited by law4 7d7 ,prohibition on covered vessels ,except as provided in subsection 7e71 the ,secretary of ,state shall not approve any application submitted under this section for any covered vessel4 7e7 ,national interest waiver 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,state may waive the prohibition in subsection 7d7 on an individual basis if the ,secretary determines that doing so is the national interest of the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,notice required ,not later than #e days after any issuance of a waiver under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary of ,state shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress written notice describing the waiver4 7f7 ,congressional notification ,not later than #ae days after the date of any violation of subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of ,state shall notify the appropriate committees of ,congress of such violation1 including-- 7#a7 the country affiliation of the foreign scientist2 7#b7 the nature of the violation2 and 7#c7 subsequent action by the ,federal ,government to address the violation4 #g4 ,report 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,state1 in coordination with the heads of the elements of the intelligence community and the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on espionage and influence operations by foreign adversaries in the ,arctic and in ,united ,states waters4 7b7 ,elements ,the report required by subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,an assessment of the extent to which covered activities support espionage and influence operations by foreign adversaries in the ,arctic and in ,united ,states waters4 7#b7 ,a description of ,united ,states ,government support for covered activities in the ,arctic that involve foreign adversaries1 including-- 7,a7 funding2 7,b7 public-private partnerships2 7,c7 maritime security2 7,d7 technical assistance2 7,e7 information sharing2 and 7,f7 any other form of material or technical support4 7#c7 ,a description of efforts by the ,secretary of ,state to enlist allied countries with a presence in the ,arctic to combat espionage in the ,arctic by foreign adversaries4 7#d7 ,recommendations for combating such espionage4 7c7 ,form ,the report required by subsection 7a7 shall be submitted in unclassified form but may contain a classified annex4 7d7 ,availability ,the report required by subsection 7a7 shall be made available on request to any ,member of ,congress4