,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dfhb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #d1 #bjbf,mr4    
,kelly introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,arm$ ,s]vices  ,a ,,bill  ,to e/abli%  
requirem5ts = human judgm5t 9 ! use (   
=ce by autonom\s weapon sy/ems us$ by ! 
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 & = o!r purposes4  
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,ultimate ,human ,responsibility 9    
,def5se ,sy/ems ,act ( #bjbf4  #b4      
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,autonom\s
 weapon sy/em ,! t]m autonom\s weapon   
sy/em means a weapon sy/em t1 once      
activat$1 c select & engage t>gets )\t  
fur!r int]v5tion by a human op]ator4    
7#b7 ,congressional def5se committees ,!
 t]m congressional def5se committees has
 ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #aja7;a7 (
 title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#c7  
,ultimate human responsibility ,! t]m   
ultimate human responsibility1 ) respect
 to a weapon sy/em1 means ! ability ( a 
human comm&] or op]ator to ex]cise in=m$

 human ag5cy-- 7,a7 to und]/& !         
op]ational context ( ! weapon sy/em     
?r\gh tra9+1 capacity build+1 &         
integration ( design & te/+ features t  
/r5g!n human und]/&+ & effective        
ov]sight2  7,b7 to sup]vise1 int]v5e 91 
or t]m9ate ! use ( =ce by ! sy/em1 !reby
 gu>antee+ human responsibility :5      
appropriate giv5 sy/em design2 &  7,c7  
to ensure compliance ) all applicable   
,unit$ ,/ates law & int]national law1   
includ+ applicable treaties1 weapon     
sy/em safety rules1 ! law ( arm$        
conflict1 & rules ( engagem5t4  7#d7    
,use ( =ce ,! t]m use ( =ce means !     
application ( k9etic le?al or non-le?al 
milit>y =ce aga9/ a t>get4  #c4         
,requirem5t = human judgm5t 9 autonom\s 
weapon sy/ems  7a7 ,policy requirem5t ,!
 ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all-- 7#a7 ensure 
t any autonom\s weapon sy/em or         
artificial intellig5ce capability       
develop$1 acquir$1 or op]at$ by !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se-- 7,a7 is design$ & 
employ$ 9 a mann] t enables comm&]s &   

op]ators to ex]cise ultimate human      
responsibility ov] ! use ( =ce2 &  7,b7 
is develop$1 field$ & employ$ us+ e?ical
 & legal pr9ciples t w\ld del9eate      
unlawful uses ( artificial intellig5ce2 
&  7#b7 develop te*nical & op]ational & 
organizational guidel9es ar\nd ! use (  
artificial intellig5ce4  7b7 ,design    
requirem5ts ,to meet ! requirem5ts "u   
subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se   
%all ensure t any autonom\s weapon sy/em
 or artificial intellig5ce capability   
describ$ 9 su* subsection1 to ! maximum 
ext5t practicable-- 7#a7 all[s human    
op]ators to sup]vise ! op]ation ( !     
weapon sy/em dur+ mission execution :5  
appropriate giv5 sy/em design2  7#b7    
includes me*anisms t all[ comm&]s or    
op]ators to int]v5e 9 or t]m9ate ! use (
 =ce by ! weapon sy/em dur+ mission     
execution :5 appropriate giv5 sy/em     
design2  7#c7 includes fail-safe        
me*anisms to enable manual control :5   
autonom\s sy/ems are degrad$1 jamm$1    
spo($1 or "u adv]s>ial attack :5        

appropriate giv5 sy/em design2  7#d7    
provides suffici5t in=mation reg>d+     
weapon sy/em /atus & decision logic to  
enable op]ators to und]/&1 ov]see1 &    
ex]cise functional control ov] sy/em    
behavior2  7#e7 ma9ta9s records (       
relevant t>get selection data1 decision 
logic1 & human op]ator actions suffici5t
 to enable po/-engagem5t review (       
compliance ) ! requirem5ts "u subsection
 7a72 &  7#f7 op]ates consi/5t )        
applicable ,unit$ ,/ates law &          
int]national law1 rules ( engagem5t1 !  
law ( arm$ conflict1 applicable         
treaties1 & ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se policy4 
7c7 ,op]ational ov]sight  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all e/abli%     
proc$ures to ensure t comm&]s & op]ators
 are rigor\sly tra9$ to appropriately   
sup]vise autonom\s weapon sy/ems or     
artificial intellig5ce capabilities 9   
op]ational environm5ts1 includ+ regul>  
pr(ici5cy assessm5ts 9 manual t>get     
id5tification1 ?reat assessm5t1 &       
engagem5t proc$ures1 to ensure op]ators 

c effectively execute missions us+ o!r  
capabilities :5 autonom\s sy/ems are    
unavailable or unreliable4  7#b7        
,report+ me*anism ,! proc$ures e/abli%$ 
"u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include a me*anism
 = op]ators ( autonom\s weapon sy/ems or
 artificial intellig5ce capability to   
report1 )\t fe> ( reprisal1 conc]ns     
reg>d+ weapon sy/em reliability or !    
adequacy ( human-ma*9e int]faces4  #d4  
,review & c]tification  7a7             
,s5ior-,level review  7#a7 ,9 g5]al     
,be=e field+ an autonom\s weapon sy/em  
capable ( indep5d5tly select+ & engag+  
t>gets )\t human sup]vision1 ! ,director
 ( ,op]ational ,te/ & ,evaluation %all  
conduct a review to c]tify t ! weapon   
sy/em complies ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is    
,act4  7#b7  ,indep5d5t assessm5t  ,ea* 
review requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 )       
respect to an autonom\s weapon sy/em    
%all include an indep5d5t adv]s>ial te/+
 7r$-team7 assessm5t t evaluates !      
vuln]ability ( ! sy/em to adv]s>ial     
manipulation "u op]ationally reali/ic   

conditions1 includ+ degrad$ & electronic
 w>f>e conte/$ environm5ts 7su* z jamm+ 
& spo(+71 communication disruption1 &   
adv]s>ial manipulation4  7b7            
,c]tification requirem5t ,no autonom\s  
weapon sy/em describ$ 9 subsection 7a7  
may be field$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se  
unless ! ,director ( ,op]ational ,te/ & 
,evaluation c]tifies t ! weapon sy/em-- 
7#a7 all[s = ultimate human             
responsibility ) respect to ! use ( =ce2
 &  7#b7 has be5 te/$ to v]ify secure1  
safe1 & reliable op]ations t meet !     
reliability /&>ds ( ! ,dep>tm5t = weapon
 sy/ems1 includ+ rete/+ foll[+ any      
significant s(tw>e update or *ange 9    
op]ational environm5t4  7c7 ,te/+ /&>ds 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ah mon?s aft]
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !      
,director ( ,op]ational ,te/ &          
,evaluation %all publi% on a publicly   
available website /&>ds = ! te/+ &      
evaluation ( artificial intellig5ce     
compon5ts 9 autonom\s weapon sy/ems1    
includ+ b5*m>ks = reliability1          

robu/ness1 security1 & human-ma*9e team 
p]=mance4  7#b7 ,=m ,! /&>ds requir$ to 
be publi%$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all be     
publi%$ 9 unclassifi$ =m to ! maximum   
ext5t practicable4  #e4 ,annual report+ 
to ,congress ,n lat] ?an "o ye> aft] !  
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 &         
semiannually !reaft] until ! date t is  
six ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is 
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all submit 
to ! congressional def5se committees a  
report t includes-- 7#a7 a summ>y (     
autonom\s weapon sy/ems 9 developm5t or 
field$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se2  7#b7  
/eps tak5 by ! ,secret>y to ensure      
compliance ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act2 &
  7#c7 su* recomm5dations z ! ,secret>y 
may h = legislative or adm9i/rative     
action relat+ to human judgm5t 9        
autonom\s weapon sy/ems4  #f4 ,autonom\s
 weapon sy/em incid5t repository  7a7   
,e/abli%m5t ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all 
e/abli% & ma9ta9 a c5traliz$ repository 
= report+1 collect+1 & analyz+ incid5ts 
involv+ autonom\s weapon sy/ems &       

artificial intellig5ce capabilities us$ 
by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se4  7b7 ,purpose 
,! repository e/abli%$ "u subsection 7a7
 %all be us$-- 7#a7 to docum5t          
op]ational incid5ts1 weapon sy/em       
failures1 un9t5d$ weapon sy/em          
behaviors1 or ne>-miss ev5ts involv+    
autonom\s weapon sy/ems & artificial    
incid5t capabilities2  7#b7 to enable ! 
,dep>tm5t to id5tify sy/emic risks1     
s(tw>e errors1 or op]ational            
vuln]abilities associat$ ) su* weapon   
sy/ems & capabilities2 &  7#c7 to       
promote in/itutional le>n+ & improvem5t 
9 ! design1 te/+1 & op]ational employm5t
 ( autonom\s weapon sy/ems & artificial 
intellig5ce capabilities4  7c7 ,report+ 
requirem5ts ,! ,secret>y %all e/abli%   
proc$ures requir+ ! report+ ( incid5ts  
describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a71 includ+--
 7#a7 op]ational malfunctions affect+ ! 
use ( =ce2  7#b7 un9t5d$ or anomal\s    
weapon sy/em behavior2  7#c7 in/ances 9 
:i* autonom\s weapon sy/ems or          
artificial intellig5ce capabilities     

select$ or engag$ t>gets inconsi/5t )   
comm&] int5t or rules ( engagem5t1      
reg>dless ( :e!r engagem5t 0 ultimately 
execut$2  7#d7 human-ma*9e int]action   
failures affect+ comm& or op]ator       
control2 &  7#e7 o!r safety-relat$ ev5ts
 det]m9$ appropriate by ! ,secret>y4    
7d7 ,safety report+ model ,9 e/abli%+ ! 
repository "u subsection 7a71 !         
,secret>y %all1 to ! ext5t practicable1 
model report+ practices on aviation     
safety report+ sy/ems us$ to id5tify &  
mitigate sy/emic risks 9 complex        
op]ational environm5ts4  7e7 ,analysis &
 dissem9ation ,! ,secret>y %all ensure t
 in=mation collect$ ?r\gh ! repository  
e/abli%$ "u subsection 7a7 is analyz$ to
 id5tify tr5ds & lessons le>n$1 & t     
appropriate f9d+s are dissem9at$ across 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se to improve sy/em  
design1 tra9+1 & op]ational proc$ures4  
7f7 ,protection ( s5sitive in=mation    
,in=mation conta9$ 9 ! repository       
e/abli%$ "u subsection 7a7 %all be h&l$ 
9 accordance ) applicable               

classification1 op]ational security1 &  
national security requirem5ts4  7g7     
,congressional brief+ ,n less frequ5tly 
?an semiannually1 ! ,secret>y %all      
provide to ! congressional def5se       
committees a classifi$ brief+ on tr5ds1 
sy/emic risks1 & corrective actions     
id5tifi$ ?r\gh ! repository e/abli%$ "u 
subsection 7a74  #g4 ,tra9+ pipel9es    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all
 develop =mal tra9+ pipel9es = autonom\s
 sy/ems ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se4  7b7   
,elem5ts ,! =mal tra9+ pipel9es develop$
 "u subsection 7a7 %all include !       
foll[+3 7#a7 ,specializ$ tra9+ tracks = 
op]ators1 comm&]s1 & sy/em sup]visors4  
7#b7 ,c]tification 9 human-ma*9e team+1 
n j sy/em op]ation4  7#c7 ,m&atory tra9+
 9 d5i$ & conte/$ environm5ts1 su* z    
loss ( global position+ sy/em1          
electronic w>f>e1 & degrad$             
communications4  7#d7 ,integration (    
autonom\s sy/ems into ,combat ,tra9+    
,c5t] rotations4  7#e7 ,cont9u\s retra9+
 ti$ to s(tw>e updates & sy/em *anges4  

#h4 ,civilian h>m mitigation & response 
(fice  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,secret>y (   
,def5se %all e/abli% )9 ! ,(fice ( !    
,secret>y ( ,def5se an (fice to be kn[n 
z ! ,civilian ,h>m ,mitigation &        
,response ,(fice 79 ?is section ref]r$  
to z ! ,(fice74  7b7 ,purpose ,! purpose
 ( ! ,(fice is to develop1 ov]see1 &    
coord9ate ,dep>tm5t-wide policies1      
practices1 & capabilities to prev5t1    
mitigate1 & respond to civilian h>m     
result+ f milit>y op]ations4  7c7       
,responsibilities ,! ,(fice %all-- 7#a7 
develop & implem5t policies & guidance  
relat+ to civilian h>m mitigation &     
response2  7#b7 ov]see ! integration (  
civilian h>m mitigation practices into  
plann+1 t>get+1 & op]ational processes2 
7#c7 coord9ate assessm5ts1              
inve/igations1 & responses to incid5ts  
involv+ civilian h>m2  7#d7 support     
tra9+ & doctr9e developm5t across !     
,dep>tm5t2 &  7#e7 provide regul>       
reports to ,congress on civilian h>m    
mitigation ef=ts & outcomes4  7d7       

,lead]%ip ,! ,(fice %all be head$ by a  
s5ior (ficial designat$ by ! ,secret>y (
 ,def5se4  #i4 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+
 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$ to prohibit 
! developm5t or use ( autonom\s weapon  
sy/ems design$ to int]cept incom+ ?reats
 :]e human sup]vision rema9s "p ( !     
op]ational design4