,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #dega ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,may #ai1 #bjbf,mr4 ,whitehouse 7for himself and ,mr4 ,schatz7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,environment and ,public ,works ,a ,,bill ,to require the ,environmental ,protection ,agency to establish a tropospheric ozone research program1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,tropospheric ,ozone ,research ,act of #bjbf4 #b4 ,tropospheric ozone research program 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#b7 ,program ,the term program means the grant program established under subsection 7b74 7#c7 ,tropospheric ozone ,the term tropospheric ozone means ozone found within the ,earth's troposphere4 7#d7 ,tropospheric ozone precursor ,the term tropospheric ozone precursor means any of methane1 nitrogen oxides1 carbon monoxide1 nonmethane volatile organic compounds1 and other compounds that react to form tropospheric ozone4 7b7 ,establishment ,not later than #ij days after the date on which amounts are appropriated to carry out this ,act1 the ,administrator shall establish a competitive grant program to award grants to eligible entities to carry out research with respect to the climate impacts of tropospheric ozone4 7c7 ,research topics 7#a7 ,in general ,the research carried out using grants under the program shall include research with respect to-- 7,a7 improving understanding of the impact of tropospheric ozone concentrations and mitigation on global temperatures1 including-- 7i7 the role of regional or localized tropospheric ozone concentrations2 7ii7 the role of emission or mitigation of specific tropospheric ozone precursors2 and 7iii7 interactions with other atmospheric pollutants 7such as particulate matter72 7,b7 improving understanding of the impact of tropospheric ozone concentrations and mitigation on regional1 localized1 and seasonal temperatures and heat stress1 including-- 7i7 the role of regional or localized tropospheric ozone concentrations2 7ii7 the role of emission or mitigation of specific tropospheric ozone precursors2 and 7iii7 interactions with other atmospheric pollutants 7such as particulate matter72 7,c7 improving understanding of natural interactions affecting tropospheric ozone concentrations and mitigation1 such as nonanthropogenic tropospheric ozone precursor emissions1 stratospheric ozone1 and lightning2 7,d7 improving understanding of crop loss impacts from elevated levels of tropospheric ozone1 including regional and local impacts and potential measures to reduce crop loss impacts2 7,e7 improving understanding of forest and ecosystem productivity impacts from elevated levels of tropospheric ozone1 including regional and local impacts2 7,f7 developing or updating existing regional and global climate models or other relevant models to better incorporate the radiative forcing and temperature impacts of tropospheric ozone and the interactions between tropospheric ozone and other greenhouse gases and air pollutants2 and 7,g7 subject to paragraph 7#c71 strengthening and expanding tropospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone precursor monitoring and observational infrastructure1 including-- 7i7 enhancement of ground-based monitoring networks 7with increased coverage in rural1 agricultural1 and other understudied regions72 7ii7 integration of surface observations with satellite remote sensing and chemical transport model outputs2 7iii7 expanded vertical profiling through ozonesondes and aircraft measurements1 particularly in understudied regions2 and 7iv7 development of standardized data assimilation frameworks to support climate and air quality monitoring4 7#b7 ,current and future modeling 7,a7 ,in general ,in seeking to carry out the research described in subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,f7 of paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall seek to include research that-- 7i7 assesses tropospheric ozone impacts and interactions at concentrations present on the date the program is established2 and 7ii7 models future tropospheric ozone concentrations1 impacts1 and interactions4 7,b7 ,future tropospheric ozone ,in seeking to carry out research with respect to the future tropospheric ozone concentrations1 impacts1 and interactions described in subparagraph 7,a77ii71 the ,administrator shall seek to carry out research that-- 7i7 models a range of scenarios1 including scenarios that assume that trends in emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors1 other atmospheric pollutants1 and greenhouse gases in effect on the date on which the program is established continue and scenarios that assume reductions in such emissions2 and 7ii7 includes an assessment of how climate impacts 7such as increased wildfires1 increased temperatures1 altered atmospheric circulation patterns1 and changes in humidity1 stagnation frequency1 and lightning frequency7 or changes in other atmospheric pollutants across the modeled range of scenarios affect tropospheric ozone concentrations1 and related impacts4 7#c7 ,public availability of data ,the ,administrator shall ensure that any data collected pursuant to paragraph 7#a77;,g7 is made publicly available4 7d7 ,eligible entities ,an entity eligible to receive a grant under the program is-- 7#a7 an institution of higher education2 7#b7 a ,national ,laboratory 7as defined in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja772 or 7#c7 any other nonprofit research entity with demonstrated expertise in atmospheric chemistry1 weather modeling1 climate modeling1 or air quality monitoring4 7e7 ,applications ,an eligible entity seeking a grant under the program shall submit to the ,administrator an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,administrator may require4 7f7 ,timing ,the ,administrator shall select recipients of grants under the program not later than #ahj days after the date on which the program is established4 7g7 ,collaboration ,in carrying out the program1 the ,administrator shall collaborate with the international scientific community on science1 research1 and data-sharing with respect to the research topics described in subsection 7c77#a71 including through multilateral forums4 7h7 ,reports 7#a7 ,reports to ,administrator 7,a7 ,in general ,the recipient of a grant under the program shall annually submit to the ,administrator a report describing the findings of the recipient with respect to the research for which the grant was provided4 7,b7 ,public availability ,a report submitted under subparagraph 7,a7 shall be made publicly available4 7#b7 ,,epa report ,not later than #d years after the date on which the program is established1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,environment and ,public ,works of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives and make publicly available a report that describes the findings and recommendations of the ,administrator with respect to the program and tropospheric ozone1 which shall include-- 7,a7 a description of the contributions of tropospheric ozone at concentrations in effect on the date the report is submitted to-- 7i7 global temperature rise2 7ii7 regional1 localized1 and seasonal warming and heat stress2 7iii7 crop losses and forest and ecosystem productivity impacts2 and 7iv7 health effects2 7,b7 the forecasted future contributions1 under a range of scenarios1 including scenarios that assume trends in emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors1 other atmospheric pollutants1 and greenhouses gases in effect on the date the report is submitted continue and scenarios that assume reductions in such emissions1 of tropospheric ozone to-- 7i7 global temperature rise2 7ii7 regional1 localized1 and seasonal warming and heat stress2 7iii7 crop losses and forest and ecosystem productivity impacts2 and 7iv7 health effects2 7,c7 a description of the national or1 as appropriate1 regional1 local1 or seasonal options to mitigate specific tropospheric ozone precursors-- 7i7 to maximize global and localized warming reductions2 7ii7 to minimize adverse impacts to health1 forests1 or ecosystems2 and 7iii7 to minimize crop loss impacts2 7,d7 a high-level assessment of the costs and benefits of tropospheric ozone precursor mitigation options identified under subparagraph 7,c72 and 7,e7 policy recommendations for-- 7i7 mitigation strategies for specific tropospheric precursors to minimize the negative impacts of tropospheric ozone1 based on the findings described subparagraphs 7,c7 and 7,d72 7ii7 improvements in data collection and reporting for tropospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone precursors2 and 7iii7 further research needs4 7i7 ,authorization of appropriations 7#a7 ,in general ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,administrator to carry out the program-- 7,a7 #aj1ejj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbg through #bjbi2 and 7,b7 #a1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjcj4 7#b7 ,requirements ,of the amounts made available under paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 with respect to the amounts made available under subparagraph 7,a7 of that paragraph-- 7i7 #aj1jjj1jjj shall be used to make grants under the program2 and 7ii7 #ejj1jjj shall be used to implement and oversee the program2 and 7,b7 the amounts made available under subparagraph 7,b7 of that paragraph shall be used to prepare the report required under subsection 7h77#b74