,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #djac  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #e1 #bjbf,mr4 ,lee
 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read    
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !     
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to en=ce ! rights
 protect$ by ! ,second & ,f\rte5?       
,am5dm5ts aga9/ ! ,/ates4  #a4 ,%ort    
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,national ,con/itutional ,c>ry ,act4    
#b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,recogniz+ ! preexi/+ "r to            
self-def5se1 ! ,second ,am5dm5t to !    
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>antees
 individually to ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s !
 "r to keep & be> arms1 includ+ ! "r to 
be> arms 9 public4  7#b7 ,! ,second     
,am5dm5t decrees t ^! rights to keep &  
be> arms %all n be infr+$1 & 0 enum]at$ 
9 ord] to pres]ve ! security ( a free   
,/ate4  7#c7 ,9 ,di/rict ( ,columbia v4 
,hell]1 #eed ,u4,s4 #egj1 #eie 7#bjjh71 
! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
confirm$ t t"h seems to u no d\bt1 on ! 
basis ( bo? text & hi/ory1 t ! ,second  

,am5dm5t conf]r$ an individual "r to    
keep & be> arms4  7#d7 ,9 ,mc,donald v4 
,city ( ,*icago1 #efa ,u4,s4 #gdb1 #gia 
7#bjaj71 ! ,supreme ,c\rt rul$ t !      
,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates makes ! ,second ,am5dm5t  
fully applicable to ! ,/ates4 ,f\r      
,ju/ices conclud$ t ! rights protect$ by
 ! ,second ,am5dm5t are fundam5tal to ! 
,nation's s*eme ( ord]$ lib]ty & deeply 
root$ 9 ! ,nation's hi/ory & tradition1 
& !re=e incorporat$ to ! ,/ates ?r\gh ! 
,due ,process ,clause ( ! ,f\rte5?      
,am5dm5t4 ,ju/ice ,cl>5ce ,?omas agre$ t
 ! rights protect$ by ! ,second ,am5dm5t
 are bo? fundam5tal & deeply root$ &1 z 
su*1 are en=ceable aga9/ ! ,/ates "u !  
,privileges & ,immunities ,clause ( !   
,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4  7#e7 ,rec5tly1 !    
,supreme ,c\rt ackn[l$g$ 9 ,new ,york   
,/ate ,rifle  ,pi/ol ,association v4    
,bru51 #adb ,s4 ,ct4 #baaa1 #baef       
7#bjbb71 t ! ,second & ,f\rte5?         
,am5dm5ts protect ! individual "r to    
c>ry arms outside ! home = self-def5se4 

,fur!r1 ! ,c\rt reit]at$ t ! ,second    
,am5dm5t's o!rwise unqualifi$ comm& only
 accommodates laws t are consi/5t ) ?is 
,nation's hi/orical tradition ( fire>m  
regulation4 ,id4 at #babf4  7#f7 ,c]ta9 
,/ates & localities h enact$ gun control
 laws t are n consi/5t ) ! text ( !     
,second ,am5dm5t or ?is ,nation's       
hi/orical tradition ( fire>m regulation4
 ,! crim9alization ( peaceable1 public  
fire>ms c>ry is repugnant to ! orig9al  
mean+ ( ! ,second ,am5dm5t4  7#g7 ,any  
,/ate or local re/riction on ! "r (     
,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s to keep & be> arms
 impairs ! ability ( ! ,second ,am5dm5t 
to a*ieve its textually specifi$        
purpose1 ! security ( a free ,/ate4  #c4
 ,! "r to keep & be> arms  7a7 ,9 g5]al 
,section #ibg ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3      
#ibg4 ,! "r to keep & be> arms  7a7     
,prohibition on limit+ ! c>ry+ ( fire>ms
 9 public ,no ,/ate or political        
subdivision ( a ,/ate may impose a      
crim9al or civil p5alty on1 or o!rwise  

indirectly limit ! c>ry+ ( fire>ms      
7includ+ by impos+ a f9ancial or o!r    
b>ri] to entry7 9 public by resid5ts or 
nonresid5ts ( t ,/ate :o are citiz5s ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & o!rwise eligible to    
possess fire>ms "u ,/ate & ,f$]al law4  
7b7 ,invalidity ( c]ta9 ,/ate & local   
laws ,any /atute1 ord9ance1 regulation1 
cu/om1 or usage ( a ,/ate or a political
 subdivision ( a ,/ate t crim9alizes1   
p5alizes1 or o!rwise indirectly         
dissuades ! c>ry+ ( fire>ms 7includ+ by 
impos+ a f9ancial or o!r b>ri] to entry7
 9 public by any resid5t or nonresid5t  
:o is a citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &      
o!rwise eligible to possess fire>ms "u  
,/ate & ,f$]al law1 %all h no =ce or    
effect4  7c7 ,def9itions ,= purposes (  
?is section3 7#a7 ,fire>m ,not)/&+      
section #iba1 ! t]m fire>m includes--   
7,a7 any fire>m1 z def9$ 9 section      
#iba7;a77#c72  7,b7 any ammunition fe$+ 
device = use 9 a fire>m1 z def9$ 9      
section #iba7;a77#c72 &  7,c7 any       
ammunition1 z def9$ 9 section           

#iba7;a77#ag77;,a74  7#b7 ,public ,! t]m
 public-- 7,a7 includes any place held  
op5 to ! public1 reg>dless ( own]%ip1 b 
9 ! case ( a privately own$ location    
held op5 to ! public1 does n include a  
place :]e ! own] communicates cle>ly &  
conspicu\sly a prohibition ( fire>ms on 
! premises2 &  7,b7 does n include a    
place :]e scre5+ = fire>ms is conduct$  
"u ,/ate law4  7#c7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate  
includes ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 !      
,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico1 & !        
possessions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7n includ+
 ! ,canal ,zone74  4  7b7 ,cl]ical      
am5dm5t ,! table ( sections = su* *apt] 
is am5d$ by /rik+ ! item relat+ to      
section #ibg & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  #ibg4  
,! "r to keep & be> arms4  4