,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #cieb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,february #bf1 #bjbf,mr4 ,young 7for himself1 ,ms4 ,cantwell1 ,mrs4 ,blackburn1 and ,mr4 ,hickenlooper7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to establish artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 and evaluation tools1 to support artificial intelligence research1 development1 and capacity building activities1 to promote innovation in the artificial intelligence industry by ensuring companies of all sizes can succeed and thrive1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,sense of ,congress4,,title ,i--,voluntary artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 evaluation tools1 testbeds1 and international cooperation,sec4 #ajj4 ,definitions4,subtitle ,a--,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation and testbeds,sec4 #aja4 ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation4,sec4 #ajb4 ,interagency coordination and program to facilitate artificial intelligence testbeds4,sec4 #ajc4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology and ,department of ,energy testbed to identify1 test1 and synthesize new materials4,sec4 #ajd4 ,coordination1 reimbursement1 and savings provisions4,sec4 #aje4 ,progress report4,subtitle ,b--,international cooperation,sec4 #aaa4 ,international coalitions on innovation1 development1 and alignment of standards with respect to artificial intelligence4,subtitle ,c--,identifying regulatory barriers to innovation,sec4 #aba4 ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states identification of risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence and ,federal agencies4,,title ,,ii--,artificial intelligence research1 development1 capacity building activities,sec4 #bja4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems4,sec4 #bjb4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence4,,title ,,iii--,research security and other matters,sec4 #cja4 ,research security4,sec4 #cjb4 ,expansion of authority to hire critical technical experts4,sec4 #cjc4 ,certifications and audits of temporary fellows4 #b4 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that policies affecting artificial intelligence should maximize the potential1 development1 and use of artificial intelligence to benefit all private and public stakeholders4 ,i ,voluntary artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 evaluation tools1 testbeds1 and international cooperation #ajj4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,artificial intelligence ,the term artificial intelligence has the meaning given such term in section #ejjb of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja74 7#b7 ,artificial intelligence model ,the term artificial intelligence model means a component of an artificial intelligence system that is-- 7,a7 derived using mathematical1 computational1 statistical1 or machine-learning techniques2 and 7,b7 used as part of an artificial intelligence system to produce outputs from a given set of inputs4 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence system ,the term artificial intelligence system means an engineered or machine-based system that-- 7,a7 can1 for a given set of objectives1 generate outputs such as predictions1 recommendations1 or decisions influencing real or virtual environments2 and 7,b7 is designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy4 7#d7 ,critical infrastructure ,the term critical infrastructure has the meaning given such term in section #ajaf7;e7 of the ,uniting and ,strengthening ,america by ,providing ,appropriate ,tools ,required to ,intercept and ,obstruct ,terrorism 7,,usa ,,patriot ,,act7 ,act of #bjja 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e774 7#e7 ,federal laboratory ,the term ,federal laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #d of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74 7#f7 ,foundation model ,the term foundation model means an artificial intelligence model trained on broad data at scale and is adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks4 7#g7 ,national ,laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 7#h7 ,testbed ,the term testbed means a facility or mechanism1 virtual or otherwise1 equipped for conducting rigorous1 transparent1 and replicable testing of tools and technologies1 including artificial intelligence systems1 to help evaluate the functionality1 trustworthiness1 usability1 and performance of those tools or technologies4 ,a ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation and testbeds #aja4 ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation ,the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bga et seq47 is amended by inserting after section #bb;,a 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bgh;h-#a7 the following3 #bb;,b4 ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,agency ,the term agency has the meaning given the term ,executive agency in section #aje of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,artificial intelligence ,the term artificial intelligence has the meaning given such term in section #ejjb of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja74 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence blue-teaming ,the term artificial intelligence blue-teaming means an effort to conduct operational vulnerability evaluations and provide mitigation techniques to entities who have a need for an independent technical review of the security posture of an artificial intelligence system4 7#d7 ,artificial intelligence red-teaming ,the term artificial intelligence red-teaming means structured adversarial testing efforts of an artificial intelligence system4 7#e7 ,federal laboratory ,the term ,federal laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #d of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74 7#f7 ,foundation model ,the term foundation model means an artificial intelligence model trained on broad data at scale and is adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks4 7#g7 ,synthetic content ,the term synthetic content means information1 such as images1 videos1 audio clips1 and text1 that has been significantly modified or generated by algorithms1 including by an artificial intelligence system4 7#h7 ,testbed ,the term testbed means a facility or mechanism1 virtual or otherwise1 equipped for conducting rigorous1 transparent1 and replicable testing of tools and technologies1 including artificial intelligence systems1 to help evaluate the functionality1 trustworthiness1 usability1 and performance of those tools or technologies4 7#i7 ,watermarking ,the term watermarking means the act of embedding provenance and authenticity information that is intended to be difficult to remove1 into outputs generated by artificial intelligence systems or in original content1 including outputs such as text1 images1 audio1 videos1 software code1 or any other digital content or data1 for the purposes of verifying and maintaining the authenticity1 integrity1 and reliability of the output or the identity or characteristics of its provenance1 modifications1 or conveyance4 7b7 ,establishment of ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director shall establish a center on artificial intelligence within the ,institute4 7#b7 ,designation ,the center established pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 shall be known as the ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation 7in this section the ,center74 7#c7 ,mission ,the mission of the ,center is to assist the private sector and agencies in developing voluntary best practices for the robust assessment of artificial intelligence systems1 which may be contributed to or inform the work on such practices in standards development organizations4 7c7 ,functions 7#a7 ,in general ,the functions of the ,center1 which the ,center shall carry out in coordination with the laboratories of the ,institute1 include the following3 7,a7 ,using publicly available or voluntarily provided information1 assessing artificial intelligence systems and developing guidelines and best practices to measure and improve the secure development1 deployment1 and use of artificial intelligence technology4 7,b7 ,supporting artificial intelligence red-teaming1 sharing best practices1 and coordinating on building testbeds and test environments with allies and international partners of the ,united ,states4 7,c7 ,developing and publishing physical and cybersecurity tools1 methodologies1 best practices1 voluntary guidelines1 and other supporting information to assist persons who maintain systems used to create or train artificial intelligence models with discovering and mitigating vulnerabilities and attacks1 including manipulation through data poisoning1 including those that may be exploited by foreign adversaries4 7,d7 ,establishing artificial intelligence blue-teaming capabilities to support mitigation approaches and partnering with industry to address the reliability of artificial intelligence systems4 7,e7 ,developing tools1 methodologies1 best practices1 and voluntary guidelines for detecting synthetic content1 authenticating content and tracking of the provenance of content1 labeling original and synthetic content1 such as by watermarking1 and evaluating software and systems relating to detection and labeling of synthetic content4 7,f7 ,coordinating or developing metrics and methodologies for testing artificial intelligence systems1 including the following3 7i7 ,cataloging existing artificial intelligence metrics and evaluation methodologies used in industry and academia4 7ii7 ,testing the efficacy of existing metrics and evaluations4 7iii7 ,documenting tools that assess reliability1 accuracy1 and robustness4 7,g7 ,coordinating with counterpart international institutions1 partners1 and allies to support global interoperability in the development of research and testing of standards relating to artificial intelligence4 7,h7 ,producing resources for ,federal agencies to conduct their own evaluations of artificial intelligence systems to best fulfill their missions4 7,i7 ,convening meetings on a semiannual basis with ,federal agencies and the private sector-- 7i7 to share information and best practices on building artificial intelligence evaluations2 and 7ii7 to accelerate the development and adoption of national standards for artificial intelligence systems in sectors including1 biotechnology1 agriculture1 and health care4 7,j7 ,examining safeguards and best practices to secure artificial intelligence systems from cyber attacks4 7,k7 ,examining safeguards and best practices to protect against unintended use of artificial intelligence for the purpose of developing chemical1 biological1 radiological1 nuclear1 and energy-security threats or hazards4 7,l7 ,providing1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security and the ,director of the ,cybersecurity and ,information ,security ,agency1 a toolkit for best practices in anticipating1 responding to1 and recovering from cybersecurity incidents involving artificial intelligence systems4 ,such toolkit may include guidance on remediating and responding to known artificial intelligence-specific vulnerabilities4 7,m7 ,developing1 and curating1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,labor1 a list of high-priority occupations for training for the advancement and deployment of artificial intelligence4 7,n7 ,developing best practices on minimum data quality standards for the use of biological1 material science1 chemical1 physical1 and other scientific areas in artificial intelligence model training4 7,o7 ,examining1 in consultation with the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 the vulnerabilities in the supply chain of hardware1 including semiconductors and microelectronics1 that are critical to enabling the development and deployment of artificial intelligence4 7,p7 ,examining ways in which artificial intelligence may be used by the ,federal ,government in combating fraud and other unfair or deceptive practices4 7,q7 ,identify proven1 scalable1 and interoperable techniques and metrics to promote the development of artificial intelligence4 7d7 ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation ,consortium 7#a7 ,establishment 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director shall establish a consortium of stakeholders from academic or research communities1 ,federal laboratories1 private industry1 including companies of all sizes with different roles in the use of artificial intelligence systems1 including developers1 deployers1 evaluators1 users1 and civil society with expertise in matters relating to artificial intelligence to support the ,center in carrying out the functions set forth under subsection 7c74 7,b7 ,designation ,the consortium established pursuant to subparagraph 7,a7 shall be known as the ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation ,consortium4 7#b7 ,consultation ,the ,director shall consult with the consortium established under this subsection not less frequently than quarterly4 7#c7 ,annual reports to ,congress ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf and not less frequently than once each year thereafter1 the ,director shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report summarizing the contributions of the members of the consortium established under this subsection in support the efforts of the ,center4 7e7 ,voluntary artificial intelligence testing standards ,in carrying out the functions under subsection 7c71 the ,director shall support and contribute to the development of voluntary1 consensus-based technical standards for testing artificial intelligence system components1 including by addressing1 as the ,director considers appropriate1 the following3 7#a7 ,physical infrastructure for training or developing artificial intelligence models and systems1 including cloud infrastructure4 7#b7 ,physical infrastructure for operating artificial intelligence systems1 including cloud infrastructure4 7#c7 ,data for training artificial intelligence models4 7#d7 ,data for evaluating the functionality and trustworthiness of trained artificial intelligence models and systems4 7#e7 ,trained or partially trained artificial intelligence models and any resulting software systems or products4 7#f7 ,human-in-the-loop testing of artificial intelligence models and systems4 7f7 ,matters relating to disclosure and access 7#a7 ,,foia exemption ,any confidential content1 as deemed confidential by the contributing private sector person1 shall be exempt from public disclosure under section #eeb7;b77#c7 of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,limitation on access to content ,access to a contributing private sector person's voluntarily provided confidential content1 as deemed confidential by the contributing private sector person shall be limited to the private sector person and the ,center4 7#c7 ,aggregated information ,the ,director may make aggregated1 deidentified information available to contributing companies1 the public1 and other agencies1 as the ,director considers appropriate1 in support of the purposes of this section4 7g7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to provide the ,director any enforcement authority that was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf4 7h7 ,prohibition on access to resources for entities under control of certain foreign governments 7#a7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,covered nation ,the term covered nation has the meaning given that term in section #dhgb of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4 7,b7 ,ownership1 control1 or influence of the government of a covered nation ,the term ownership1 control1 or influence of the government of a covered nation1 with respect to an entity1 means the government of a covered nation-- 7i7 has the power to direct or decide matters affecting the entity's management or operations in a manner that could-- 7,i7 result in unauthorized access to classified information2 or 7,,ii7 adversely affect performance of a contract or agreement requiring access to classified information2 and 7ii7 exercises that power-- 7,i7 directly or indirectly2 7,,ii7 through ownership of the entity's securities1 by contractual arrangements1 or other similar means2 7,,iii7 by the ability to control or influence the election or appointment of one or more members to the entity's governing board 7such as the board of directors1 board of managers1 or board of trustees7 or its equivalent2 or 7,,iv7 prospectively 7such as by not currently exercising the power1 but could74 7#b7 ,in general ,an entity under the ownership1 control1 or influence of the government of a covered nation may not access any of the resources of the ,center4 7#c7 ,criteria for identification ,the ,director1 working with the heads of the relevant ,federal agencies1 shall establish criteria to determine if any entity that seeks to utilize the resources of the ,center is under the ownership1 control1 or influence of the government of a covered nation4 4 #ajb4 ,interagency coordination and program to facilitate artificial intelligence testbeds 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,director ,the term ,director means the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7#c7 ,institute ,the term ,institute means the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 7#d7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7#e7 ,under ,secretary ,the term ,under ,secretary means the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology4 7b7 ,program required ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,director1 shall jointly establish a testbed program to encourage collaboration and support partnerships between the ,national ,laboratories1 ,federal laboratories1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource pilot program established by the ,director1 or any successor program1 and public and private sector entities1 including companies of all sizes1 to conduct tests1 evaluations1 and security or vulnerability risk assessments1 and to support research and development1 of artificial intelligence systems1 including measurement methodologies developed by the ,institute1 in order to develop standards and encourage development of a third-party ecosystem4 7c7 ,activities ,in carrying out the program required by subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary-- 7#a7 may use the advanced computing resources1 testbeds1 and expertise of the ,national ,laboratories1 ,federal laboratories1 the ,institute1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and private sector entities to run tests and evaluations on the capabilities and limitations of artificial intelligence systems2 7#b7 shall use existing solutions to the maximum extent practicable2 7#c7 shall develop automated and reproducible tests and evaluations for artificial intelligence systems to the extent that is practicable2 7#d7 shall assess the computational resources necessary to run tests and evaluations of artificial intelligence systems2 7#e7 shall research methods to effectively minimize the computational resources needed to run tests1 evaluations1 and security assessments of artificial intelligence systems2 7#f7 shall where practicable1 develop tests and evaluations for artificial intelligence systems that are designed for high-1 medium-1 and low-computational intensity2 7#g7 shall prioritize assessments by identifying security vulnerabilities of artificial intelligence systems1 including the establishment of and utilization of existing classified testbeds1 at the ,national ,laboratories if necessary1 including with respect to-- 7,a7 autonomous offensive cyber capabilities2 7,b7 cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the artificial intelligence software ecosystem and beyond2 7,c7 chemical1 biological1 radiological1 nuclear1 critical infrastructure1 and energy-security threats or hazards2 and 7,d7 such other capabilities as the ,under ,secretary or the ,secretary determines necessary2 and 7#h7 shall organize a hackathon to test artificial intelligence systems security risks and vulnerabilities4 7d7 ,consideration given ,in carrying out the activities required by subsection 7c71 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary shall take under consideration the applicability of any tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments to artificial intelligence systems trained using primarily biological sequence data that could be used to enhance an artificial intelligence system's ability to contribute to the creation of a pandemic or biological weapon1 including those systems used for gene synthesis4 7e7 ,metrics ,the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary shall jointly develop metrics to assess-- 7#a7 the effectiveness of the program in encouraging collaboration and supporting partnerships as described in subsection 7b72 and 7#b7 the impact of the program on public and private sector integration and use of artificial intelligence systems4 7f7 ,use of existing program ,in carrying out the program required by subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary1 the ,secretary1 and the ,director may use a program that was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7g7 ,evaluation and findings ,not later than #c years after the start of the program required by subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary shall jointly-- 7#a7 evaluate the success of the program in encouraging collaboration and supporting partnerships as described in subsection 7b71 using the metrics developed pursuant to subsection 7e72 7#b7 evaluate the success of the program in encouraging public and private sector integration and use of artificial intelligence systems by using the metrics developed pursuant to subsection 7e72 and 7#c7 submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the evaluation supported pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 and the findings of the ,under ,secretary1 the ,secretary1 and the ,director with respect to the testbed program4 7h7 ,consultation ,in carrying out subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary shall consult1 as the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary consider appropriate1 with the following3 7#a7 ,industry1 including private artificial intelligence laboratories1 companies of all sizes1 and representatives from the ,united ,states financial sector4 7#b7 ,academia and institutions of higher education4 7#c7 ,civil society4 7i7 ,establishment of voluntary foundation models test program ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary shall1 jointly carry out a test program to provide vendors of foundation models1 as well as vendors of artificial intelligence virtual agents and robots that incorporate foundation models1 the opportunity to voluntarily test foundation models across a range of modalities1 such as models that ingest and output text1 images1 audio1 video1 software code1 and mixed modalities4 7j7 ,matters relating to disclosure and access 7#a7 ,limitation on access to content ,access to a contributing private sector person's voluntarily provided confidential content1 as deemed confidential by the contributing private sector person1 shall be limited to the contributing private sector person and the ,institute4 7#b7 ,aggregated information ,the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary may make aggregated1 deidentified information available to contributing companies1 the public1 and other agencies1 as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate1 in support of the purposes of this section4 7#c7 ,,foia exemption ,any confidential content1 as deemed confidential by the contributing private sector person1 shall be exempt from public disclosure under section #eeb7;b77#c7 of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7k7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to require a person to disclose any information1 including information-- 7#a7 relating to a trade secret or other protected intellectual property right2 7#b7 that is confidential business information2 or 7#c7 that is privileged4 7l7 ,sunset ,the programs required by subsections 7b7 and 7i7 and the requirements of this section shall terminate on the date that is #g years after the date of the enactment of this ,act4 #ajc4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology and ,department of ,energy testbed to identify1 test1 and synthesize new materials 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,commerce1 acting through the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology1 and the ,secretary of ,energy may use the program established under section #ajb7;b7 to advance materials science and energy storage and optimization and to support advanced manufacturing for the benefit of the ,united ,states economy through the use of artificial intelligence1 autonomous laboratories1 and artificial intelligence integrated with emerging technologies1 such as quantum hybrid computing and robotics4 7b7 ,support for accelerated technologies ,the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy shall ensure that technologies accelerated under subsection 7a7 are supported by advanced algorithms and models1 uncertainty quantification1 and software and workforce development tools to produce benchmark data1 model comparison tools1 and best practices guides4 7c7 ,public-,private partnerships ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy shall1 in consultation with industry1 civil society1 and academia1 enter into such public-private partnerships as the ,secretaries jointly determine appropriate4 7d7 ,resources ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretaries may-- 7#a7 use science and technology resources from the ,manufacturing ,,usa ,program1 the ,hollings ,manufacturing ,extension ,partnership1 the ,national ,laboratories1 ,federal laboratories1 and the private sector2 and 7#b7 the program established under section #ajb7;b74 #ajd4 ,coordination1 reimbursement1 and savings provisions 7a7 ,coordination and duplication ,the ,secretary of ,commerce shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure no duplication of activities carried out under this subtitle with the activities of-- 7#a7 research entities of the ,department of ,energy1 including-- 7,a7 the ,national ,laboratories2 and 7,b7 the ,advanced ,scientific ,computing ,research program2 and 7#b7 relevant industries4 7b7 ,national laboratory resources ,any advanced computing resources1 testbeds1 expertise1 or other resources of the ,department of ,energy or the ,national ,laboratories that are provided to the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 or any other applicable entities under this subtitle shall be provided-- 7#a7 on a reimbursable basis2 and 7#b7 pursuant to a reimbursable agreement4 7c7 ,waiver ,the ,secretary may waive the requirements set forth in subsection 7b7 if the ,secretary determines the waiver is necessary or appropriate to carry out the missions of the ,department of ,commerce4 7d7 ,savings provision ,nothing in this subtitle shall be construed-- 7#a7 to modify any requirement or authority provided under section #eeja of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idfa72 or 7#b7 to allow the ,secretary of ,commerce 7including the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology or the ,director of the ,center for ,artificial ,intelligence ,standards and ,innovation7 or the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation to use monetary resources of the ,department of ,energy or any ,national ,laboratory4 #aje4 ,progress report 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy1 submit to ,congress a report on the implementation of sections #ajb and #ajc4 7b7 ,contents ,the report submitted pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,a description of the reimbursable agreements1 statements of work1 and associated project schedules and deliverables for the testbed program established pursuant to section #ajb7;b7 and section #ajc7;a74 7#b7 ,details on the total amount of reimbursable agreements entered into pursuant to section #ajd7;b74 7#c7 ,such additional information as the ,under ,secretary determines appropriate4 ,b ,international cooperation #aaa4 ,international coalitions on innovation1 development1 and alignment of standards with respect to artificial intelligence 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology 7in this section referred to as the ,under ,secretary7 and the ,secretary of ,energy 7in this section referred to as the ,secretary7 shall jointly lead information exchange and coordination among ,federal agencies and communication from ,federal agencies to the private sector of the ,united ,states and like-minded governments of foreign countries to ensure effective ,federal engagement in the development and use of international technical standards for artificial intelligence4 7b7 ,requirements ,to support private sector-led engagement and ensure effective ,federal engagement in the development and use of international technical standards for artificial intelligence1 the ,under ,secretary shall seek to form alliances or coalitions with like-minded governments of foreign countries-- 7#a7 to support the private sector-led development and adoption of standards or alignment with respect to artificial intelligence2 7#b7 to encourage technical standards developed in the ,united ,states to be adopted by international standards organizations and to advocate for international approaches to governance of artificial intelligence that promote innovation and counter influence from foreign adversaries2 7#c7 to facilitate international collaboration on innovation1 science1 and advancement in artificial intelligence research and development1 including data sharing1 expertise1 and resources2 7#d7 to develop the government-to-government infrastructure to support the activities described in paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#c71 using existing bilateral and multilateral agreements to the extent practicable2 7#e7 to work with like-minded governments on identifying best practices to maintain cybersecurity of artificial intelligence models2 and 7#f7 to work in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,national ,security ,council1 and the ,national ,science ,foundation to develop1 implement1 and share information on complementary technology protection measures1 including in basic research and higher education1 to mitigate risks of exploitation by foreign adversaries4 7c7 ,criteria for participation ,in forming an alliance or coalition of like-minded governments of foreign countries under subsection 7b71 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director1 in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies1 shall jointly establish technology trust criteria-- 7#a7 to ensure all partner countries have a high level of scientific and technological advancement2 and 7#b7 to support the principles for international standards development as detailed in the ,committee ,decision on ,world ,trade ,organization ,agreement on ,technical ,barriers to ,trade 7,annex #b of ,part #a of ,g_/,,tbt_/#a71 on international standards1 such as transparency1 openness1 and consensus-based decision making4 7d7 ,consultation on innovation and advancements in artificial intelligence ,in forming an alliance or coalition under subsection 7b71 the ,director1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 and the ,secretary of ,state shall consult with the ,secretary of ,energy and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation on approaches to innovation and advancements in artificial intelligence4 7e7 ,security and protection of intellectual property ,the ,director1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 and the ,secretary of ,state shall jointly ensure that an alliance or coalition formed under subsection 7b7 is only undertaken with countries that-- 7#a7 have in place sufficient intellectual property protections1 safety standards1 and risk management approaches relevant to innovation and artificial intelligence2 and 7#b7 develop and coordinate research security measures1 export controls1 and intellectual property protections relevant to innovation1 development1 and standard-setting relating to artificial intelligence4 7f7 ,limitation on eligibility of the ,people's ,republic of ,china 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,people's ,republic of ,china is not eligible to participate in an alliance or coalition of like-minded governments of foreign countries under subsection 7b7 until the ,united ,states ,trade ,representative determines in a report to ,congress required by section #dba of the ,u4,s4-,china ,relations ,act of #bjjj 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #fiea7 that the ,people's ,republic of ,china has come into compliance with the commitments it made in connection with its accession to the ,world ,trade ,organization4 7#b7 ,report required ,upon the submission of a report described in paragraph 7#a71 the officials specified in paragraph 7#c7 shall jointly submit to ,congress a report that includes the following3 7,a7 ,a detailed justification for why government-to-government information exchange and coordination with the ,government of the ,people's ,republic of ,china is in the national security interests of the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,an assessment of the risks and potential effects of such coordination1 including any potential for the transfer under an alliance or coalition described in paragraph 7#a7 of technology or intellectual property capable of harming the national security interests of the ,united ,states4 7,c7 ,a detailed justification for how the officials specified in paragraph 7#c7 intend to address human rights concerns in any scientific and technology collaboration proposed to be conducted by such an alliance or coalition4 7,d7 ,an assessment of the extent to which those officials will be able to continuously monitor the commitments made by the ,people's ,republic of ,china in participating in such an alliance or coalition4 7,e7 ,such other information relating to such an alliance or coalition as those officials consider appropriate4 7#c7 ,officials specified ,the officials specified in this paragraph are the following3 7,a7 ,the ,director4 7,b7 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7,c7 ,the ,secretary of ,energy4 7,d7 ,the ,secretary of ,state4 7g7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed-- 7#a7 to prohibit a person 7as defined in section #eea of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code7 from participating in an international standards body2 or 7#b7 to constrain separate engagement with emerging economies on artificial intelligence4 ,c ,identifying regulatory barriers to innovation #aba4 ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states identification of risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence and ,federal agencies 7a7 ,report required ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to ,congress a report on regulatory impediments to innovation in artificial intelligence systems4 7b7 ,contents ,the report submitted pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,significant examples of ,federal statutes and regulations that directly affect the innovation of artificial intelligence systems1 including the ability of companies of all sizes to compete in artificial intelligence1 which should also account for the effect of voluntary standards and best practices developed with contributions from the ,federal ,government4 7#b7 ,an evaluation of the progress in government adoption of artificial intelligence and use of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of government services4 7#c7 ,an evaluation of1 and examples of1 where artificial intelligence assists ,federal agencies deliver services to the public1 including towards combating fraud1 and ways to increase opportunities for increased use of such artificial intelligence systems by the ,federal ,government4 7#d7 ,examples of ,federal laws and regulations relating to infrastructure and energy that unduly burden artificial intelligence systems4 7#e7 ,based on the findings of the ,comptroller ,general with respect to paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#e71 such recommendations as the ,comptroller ,general may have for legislative or administrative action to increase the rate of innovation in artificial intelligence systems4 ,,ii ,artificial intelligence research1 development1 capacity building activities #bja4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems 7a7 ,in general ,title ,,li of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idaa et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #eajc;,a4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems 7a7 ,list of priorities 7#a7 ,in general ,to expedite the development of artificial intelligence systems in the ,united ,states1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy 7in this section referred to as the ,director7 shall1 acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council and the ,interagency ,committee and in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee on ,data for ,evidence ,building established under section #cae of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 develop a list of priorities for ,federal investment in creating or improving curated1 publicly available ,federal ,government data for training and evaluating artificial intelligence systems and identify an appropriate location to host curated datasets4 7#b7 ,requirements 7,a7 ,in general ,the list developed pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7i7 prioritize data that will advance novel artificial intelligence systems in the public interest2 7ii7 prioritize datasets that are the result of scientific research that was funded by the ,federal ,government2 and 7iii7 prioritize datasets unlikely to independently receive sufficient private sector support to enable their creation1 absent ,federal funding4 7,b7 ,datasets identified ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a77ii71 the ,director shall identify #bj datasets to be prioritized4 7#c7 ,considerations ,in developing the list under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall consider the following3 7,a7 ,applicability to the initial list of societal1 national1 and geostrategic challenges set forth by subsection 7b7 of section #ajchg of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aiajg71 or any successor list4 7,b7 ,applicability to the initial list of key technology focus areas set forth by subsection 7c7 of such section1 or any successor list4 7,c7 ,applicability to other major ,united ,states economic sectors1 such as agriculture1 health care1 transportation1 manufacturing1 biotechnology1 communications1 weather services1 and positive utility to small- and medium-sized ,united ,states businesses4 7,d7 ,opportunities to improve datasets in effect before the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf4 7,e7 ,inclusion of data representative of the entire population of the ,united ,states4 7,f7 ,potential national security threats to releasing datasets1 consistent with the ,united ,states ,government approach to data flows4 7,g7 ,requirements of laws in effect4 7,h7 ,applicability to the priorities listed in the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research and ,development ,strategic ,plan of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council1 dated ,october #bjaf1 and subsequent updates1 and the priorities listed in ,winning the ,race1 ,america's ,,ai ,action ,plan1 dated ,july #bjbe4 7,i7 ,ability to use data already made available to the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource ,pilot program or any successor program4 7,j7 ,coordination with other ,federal open data efforts1 as applicable4 7,k7 ,requirements for researchers funded by the ,federal ,government to disclose nonproprietary1 nonsensitive datasets that are used by artificial intelligence models during the course of research and development4 7,l7 ,opportunities for the ,national ,science ,foundation to maintain integrated1 interoperable1 and multimodal datasets readily providing access to scientific and engineering demonstration projects4 7#d7 ,public input ,before finalizing the list required by paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall implement public comment procedures for receiving input and comment from private industry1 academia1 civil society1 and other relevant stakeholders4 7b7 ,interagency ,committee ,in carrying out this section1 the ,interagency ,committee-- 7#a7 may establish or leverage existing initiatives1 including through public-private partnerships1 for the creation or improvement of curated datasets identified in the list developed pursuant to subsection 7a77#a71 including methods for addressing data scarcity2 7#b7 may apply the priorities set forth in the list developed pursuant to subsection 7a77#a7 to the enactment of ,federal public access and open government data policies2 7#c7 shall ensure consistency with ,federal provisions of law relating to privacy1 including the technology and privacy standards applied to the ,national ,secure ,data ,service under section #ajcge7;f7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aijhe7;f772 and 7#d7 shall ensure that no data sharing is permitted with any country that the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 7c7 ,availability of datasets ,datasets that are created or improved pursuant to this section-- 7#a7 shall1 in the case of a dataset created or improved by a ,federal agency1 be made available to the comprehensive data inventory developed and maintained by the ,federal agency pursuant to section #ceaa7;a7 of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 in accordance with all applicable regulations2 and 7#b7 may be made available to the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource pilot program established by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and the applicable programs established by the ,department of ,energy1 in accordance with ,executive ,order #adaaj 7#hh ,fed4 ,reg4 #geaia2 relating to safe1 secure1 and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence71 or any successor program4 7d7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director shall1 acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council and the ,interagency ,committee1 submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that includes-- 7#a7 best practices in developing publicly curated artificial intelligence datasets2 7#b7 lessons learned and challenges encountered in developing the curated artificial intelligence datasets2 7#c7 principles used for artificial intelligence-ready data2 7#d7 recommendations relating to artificial intelligence-ready data standards and potential processes for development of such standards2 7#e7 recommendations for maintaining and expanding the availability of high-quality data sets2 7#f7 recommendations for methods to increase incentives for researchers support by the ,federal ,government to release high-quality publicly available datasets1 that protects against risks to disclosure of personally identifiable information and national and economic security risks2 and 7#g7 recommendations for establishing secure compute environments at the ,national ,science ,foundation to enable secure artificial intelligence use cases for controlled access to restricted ,federal data4 7e7 ,rules of construction 7#a7 ,in general ,nothing in this section shall be construed to require the ,federal ,government or other contributors to disclose any information-- 7,a7 relating to a trade secret or other protected intellectual property right2 7,b7 that is confidential business information2 or 7,c7 that is privileged4 7#b7 ,disclosure to public datasets ,except as specifically provided for in this section1 nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the head of a ,federal agency from withholding information from a public dataset4 4 7b7 ,clerical amendments ,the table of contents at the beginning of section #b of the ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjba and the table of contents at the beginning of title ,,li of such ,act are both amended by inserting after the items relating to section #eajc the following new item3 #eajc;,a4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems4 4 #bjb4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence 7a7 ,in general ,title ,,li of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idaa et seq471 as amended by section #bja1 is further amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #eajg4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence 7a7 ,establishment of program 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy 7acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council7 and the ,interagency ,committee may establish a program to award prizes1 using the authorities and processes established under section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai71 to eligible participants as determined by the co-chairs of the ,interagency ,committee pursuant to subsection 7e74 7#b7 ,purposes ,the purposes of the program required by paragraph 7#a7 are as follows3 7,a7 ,to expedite the development of artificial intelligence systems in the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,to stimulate artificial intelligence research1 development1 and commercialization that solves or advances specific1 well-defined1 and measurable challenges in #a or more of the categories established pursuant to subsection 7b74 7b7 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence 7#a7 ,list of priorities ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy 7acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council7 and the ,interagency ,committee and in consultation with industry1 civil society1 and academia1 shall identify1 and annually review and update as the ,director considers appropriate1 a list of priorities for ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence pursuant to the purposes set forth under subsection 7a77#b74 7#b7 ,initial list 7,a7 ,contents ,the list established pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 may include the following priorities3 7i7 ,to overcome challenges with engineering of and applied research on microelectronics1 including through integration of artificial intelligence with emerging technologies1 such as neuromorphic and quantum computing1 or with respect to the physical limits on transistors1 advanced interconnects1 and memory elements4 7ii7 ,to promote transformational or long-term advancements in computing and artificial intelligence technologies through-- 7,i7 next-generation algorithm design2 7,,ii7 next-generation compute capability2 7,,iii7 generative and adaptive artificial intelligence for design applications2 7,,iv7 photonics-based microprocessors and optical communication networks1 including electrophotonics2 7,v7 the chemistry and physics of new materials2 7,,vi7 biotechnology1 such as modeling a single cell2 7,,vii7 energy use or energy efficiency2 7,,viii7 techniques to establish cryptographically secure content provenance information2 or 7,,ix7 safety and controls for artificial intelligence applications4 7iii7 ,to promote explainability and mechanistic interpretability of artificial intelligence systems4 7iv7 ,to advance fundamental understanding of artificial intelligence1 including through breakthroughs in theoretical1 computational1 and experimental methods that discover new and transformative paradigms that explain the advanced capabilities of artificial intelligence in domains such as the following3 7,i7 ,interpretability4 7,,ii7 ,control4 7,,iii7 ,steerability4 7,,iv7 ,robustness against foreign adversaries4 7v7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions1 including through integration among emerging technologies such as neuromorphic and quantum computing to overcome barriers relating to innovations in advanced manufacturing in the ,united ,states1 including areas such as-- 7,i7 materials1 nanomaterials1 and composites2 7,,ii7 rapid1 complex design2 7,,iii7 sustainability and environmental impact of manufacturing operations2 7,,iv7 predictive maintenance of machinery2 7,v7 improved part quality2 7,,vi7 process inspections2 7,,vii7 worker safety2 and 7,,viii7 robotics4 7vi7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions in sectors of the economy1 such as expanding the use of artificial intelligence in maritime vessels1 including in navigation and in the design of propulsion systems and fuels4 7vii7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions to improve border security1 including solutions relevant to the detection of fentanyl1 illicit contraband1 and other illegal activities4 7viii7 ,to develop artificial intelligence for science applications4 7ix7 ,to develop cybersecurity for artificial intelligence-related intellectual property1 such as artificial intelligence systems and artificial intelligence algorithms1 including robustness1 resilience1 and security from foreign adversaries4 7x7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions to modernize code and software systems that are deployed in government agencies and critical infrastructure and are at risk of maintenance difficulties due to code obsolescence or challenges finding expertise in outdated code bases4 7xi7 ,to develop solutions to reduce the energy consumption in developing1 deploying1 and maintain data-efficient and high-performance artificial intelligence models4 7xii7 ,to develop methods to prevent misuse of artificial intelligence systems for malicious purposes4 7xiii7 ,to find applications of artificial intelligence in wireless communications systems1 including cellular networks and cybersecurity efforts4 7xiv7 ,to advance the capabilities of artificial intelligence1 robotics1 and automation for physical laboratory infrastructure and cloud laboratories4 7#c7 ,consultation on identification and selection of grand challenges ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,director of the ,defense ,advanced ,research ,projects ,agency1 such agency heads as the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy considers relevant1 and the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,advisory ,committee shall each identify and select artificial intelligence research and development grand challenges in which eligible participants will compete to solve or advance for prize awards under subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,public input on identification ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall also seek public input on the identification of artificial intelligence research and development grand challenges under subsection 7a74 7#e7 ,problem statements2 success metrics ,for each priority for a ,federal grand challenge identified under paragraph 7#a7 and the grand challenges identified and selected under paragraph 7#c71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall-- 7,a7 establish a specific and well-defined grand challenge problem statement and ensure that such problem statement is published on a website linking out to relevant prize competition listings on the website ,challenge4gov1 or successor website1 that is managed by the ,general ,services ,administration2 and 7,b7 establish and publish on the website ,challenge4gov1 or successor website1 clear targets1 success metrics1 and validation protocols for the prize competitions designed to address each grand challenge1 in order to provide specific benchmarks that will be used to evaluate submissions to the prize competition4 7c7 ,federal investment initiatives authorized ,subject to the availability of amounts appropriated for this purpose1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may1 consistent with the missions or responsibilities of each ,federal agency1 establish #a or more prize competitions under section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai71 challenge-based acquisitions1 or other research and development investments that each agency head deems appropriate consistent with the list of priorities established pursuant to subsection 7b77#a74 7d7 ,requirements 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall develop requirements for-- 7,a7 the process for prize competitions under subsections 7a7 and 7c71 including eligibility criteria for participants1 consistent with the requirements under paragraph 7#b72 and 7,b7 testing1 judging1 and verification procedures for submissions to receive a prize award under subsection 7c74 7#b7 ,eligibility requirement and judging 7,a7 ,eligibility ,in accordance with the requirement described in section #bd7;g77#c7 of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai7;g77#c771 a recipient of a prize award under subsection 7c7-- 7i7 that is a private entity shall be incorporated in and maintain a primary place of business in the ,united ,states2 and 7ii7 who is an individual1 whether participating singly or in a group1 shall be a citizen or permanent resident of the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,judges ,in accordance with section #bd7k7 of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai7k771 a judge of a prize competition under subsection 7c7 may be an individual from the private sector4 7#c7 ,agency leadership ,each agency head carrying out an investment initiative under subsection 7c7 shall ensure that-- 7,a7 for each prize competition or investment initiative carried out by the agency head under such subsection1 there is-- 7i7 a positive impact on the economic competitiveness of the ,united ,states2 7ii7 a benefit to ,united ,states industry2 7iii7 to the extent possible1 leveraging of the resources and expertise of industry and philanthropic partners in shaping the investments2 and 7iv7 in a case involving development and manufacturing1 use of advanced manufacturing in the ,united ,states2 and 7,b7 all research conducted for purposes of the investment initiative is conducted in the ,united ,states4 7e7 ,reports 7#a7 ,notification of winning submission ,not later than #fj days after the date on which a prize is awarded under subsection 7c71 the agency head awarding the prize shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 and such other committees of ,congress as the agency head considers relevant a report that describes the winning submission to the prize competition and its benefits to the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,biennial report 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf1 and biennially thereafter1 the heads of agencies described in subsection 7c7 shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate1 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 and such other committees of ,congress as the agency heads consider relevant a report that includes-- 7i7 a description of the activities carried out by the agency heads under this section2 7ii7 a description of the active competitions and the results of completed competitions under subsection 7c72 and 7iii7 efforts to provide information to the public on active competitions under subsection 7c7 to encourage participation4 7,b7 ,public accessibility ,the agency heads described in subsection 7c7 shall make the biennial report required under subparagraph 7,a7 publicly accessible1 including by posting the biennial report on a website in an easily accessible location1 such as the ,gov,info website of the ,government ,publishing ,office4 7f7 ,accessibility ,in carrying out any competition under subsection 7c71 the head of an agency shall post the active prize competitions and available prize awards under subsection 7b7 to ,challenge4gov1 or successor website1 after the grand challenges are selected and the prize competitions are designed pursuant to subsections 7c7 and 7e7 to ensure the prize competitions are widely accessible to eligible participants4 7g7 ,sunset ,this section shall terminate on the date that is #e years after the date of the enactment the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states studies and reports 7#a7 ,initial study 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a study of ,federal prize competitions1 which shall include an assessment of the efficacy and impact of prize competitions generally4 7,b7 ,elements ,the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include1 to the extent practicable1 the following3 7i7 ,a survey of all existing1 current and ongoing ,federal prize competitions carried out under authorities enacted before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7ii7 ,an assessment of those existing1 current1 and ongoing ,federal prize competitions that includes addressing-- 7,i7 whether and what technology or innovation would have been developed in the absence of the prize competitions2 7,,ii7 whether the prize competitions shortened the timeframe for the development of the technology or innovation2 7,,iii7 whether the prize competition was cost effective2 7,,iv7 what1 if any1 other benefits were gained from conducting the prize competitions2 7,v7 whether the use of a more traditional policy tool such as a grant or contract have resulted in the development of a similar technology or innovation2 7,,vi7 whether prize competitions might be designed differently in a way that would result in a more effective or revolutionary technology being developed2 7,,vii7 what are appropriate metrics that could be used for determining the success of a prize competition1 and whether those metrics differ when evaluating near-term and long-term impacts of prize competitions2 and 7,,viii7 suggested best practices of prize competitions4 7,c7 ,congressional briefing ,not later than #edj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall provide the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a briefing on the findings of the ,comptroller ,general with respect to the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a74 7,d7 ,report ,not later than #edj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to the congressional committees specified in subparagraph 7,c7 a report on the findings and recommendations of ,comptroller ,general from the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a74 7#b7 ,interim study 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a study of the ,federal prize challenges implemented under section #eajh of the of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj1 as added by subsection 7a71 which shall include an assessment of the efficacy and effect of such prize competitions4 7,b7 ,elements ,the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include1 to the extent practicable1 the following3 7i7 ,a survey of all ,federal prize competitions implemented under section #eajh of the of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj1 as added by subsection 7a74 7ii7 ,an assessment of the ,federal prize competitions implemented such section1 which shall include addressing the same considerations as set forth under paragraph 7#a77;,b77ii74 7iii7 ,an assessment of the efficacy1 impact1 and cost-effectiveness of prize competitions implemented under section #eajh of the of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj1 as added by subsection 7a71 compared to other ,federal prize competitions4 7,c7 ,congressional briefing ,not later than #a year after completing the study required by subparagraph 7,a71 the ,comptroller ,general shall provide the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a briefing on the findings of the ,comptroller ,general with respect to the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a74 7,d7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to the congressional committees specified in subparagraph 7,c7 a report on the findings and recommendations of the ,comptroller ,general with respect to the study conducted under subparagraph 7,a74 7c7 ,clerical amendments ,the table of contents at the beginning of section #b of the ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjba and the table of contents at the beginning of title ,,li of such ,act1 as amended by section #bja1 are both amended by inserting after the items relating to section #eajg the following new item3 #eajg4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence4 4 ,,iii ,research security and other matters #cja4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under this ,act shall be carried out in accordance with the provision of subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq42 enacted as part of division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg7 and section #bbc of the ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjba 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ffje74 #cjb4 ,expansion of authority to hire critical technical experts 7a7 ,in general ,subsection 7b7 of section #f of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bge7 is amended1 in the second sentence1 by striking #ae and inserting #cj4 7b7 ,modification of sunset ,subsection 7c7 of such section is amended by striking under section 7b7 shall expire on the date that is #e years after the date of the enactment of this section and inserting under subsection 7b7 shall expire on ,december #cj1 #bjce4 #cjc4 ,certifications and audits of temporary fellows 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,agency ,the term agency has the meaning given such term in section #cejb of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#b7 ,committees of ,jurisdiction ,the term committees of jurisdiction means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#c7 ,critical and emerging technologies ,the term critical and emerging technologies means a subset of artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies included in the list of such technologies identified and maintained by the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy4 7#d7 ,inherently governmental function ,the term inherently governmental function has the meaning given such term in section #e of the ,federal ,activities ,inventory ,reform ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-bgj2 #ca ,u4,s4,c4 #eja note7 and includes the meaning given such term in subpart #g4e of part #g of the ,federal ,acquisition ,regulation1 or successor regulation4 7#e7 ,temporary fellow ,the term temporary fellow1 with respect to an agency1 means a fellow1 contractor1 consultant1 or any other person performing work for the agency who is not a ,federal ,government employee4 7b7 ,certification 7#a7 ,in general ,prior to performing any work for an agency under this ,act relating to artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies1 a temporary fellow and the head of the agency shall sign a certification that the temporary fellow will not perform any inherently governmental functions4 7#b7 ,submittal ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the head of an agency signs a certification under paragraph 7#a71 the head of the agency shall submit a copy of the certification to the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget and the chairpersons and ranking members of the committees of jurisdiction4 7c7 ,audit 7#a7 ,in general ,for each agency using a temporary fellow to carry out this ,act1 the inspector general of the agency shall perform an annual audit of the use of temporary fellows by the agency1 which includes-- 7,a7 the number of temporary fellows used by the agency2 7,b7 the entities paying any temporary fellow for their work for the agency2 7,c7 the work temporary fellows are performing for the agency2 7,d7 the authorities under which the agency hired the temporary fellows2 and 7,e7 whether the temporary fellows and the agency are complying with the requirements of section 7b74 7#b7 ,submittal to ,congress ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the inspector general of an agency completes an audit under paragraph 7#a71 the head of the agency shall submit to the chairpersons and ranking members of the committees of jurisdiction and the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget a report containing the findings of inspector general with respect to the audit4