,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #ciaj ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,february #be1 #bjbf,mr4 ,schatz 7for himself and ,ms4 ,murkowski7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to support marine carbon dioxide removal activities1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,removing and ,sequestering ,carbon ,unleashed in the ,environment and ,oceans ,act or the ,re,s,c,u,e ,oceans ,act4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,definitions4,sec4 #c4 ,purposes4,sec4 #d4 ,rule of construction4,sec4 #e4 ,research security4,,title ,i--,matters relating to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration,sec4 #aja4 ,establishment of program for advancing marine carbon dioxide removal4,sec4 #ajb4 ,monitoring of marine carbon dioxide removal4,sec4 #ajc4 ,research areas for marine carbon dioxide removal4,sec4 #ajd4 ,interagency working group for marine carbon dioxide removal4,sec4 #aje4 ,biennial report on marine carbon dioxide removal4,sec4 #ajf4 ,authorization of appropriations4,,title ,,ii--,matters relating to the ,national ,science ,foundation,sec4 #bja4 ,researching marine carbon dioxide removal4,,title ,,iii--,matters relating to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration,sec4 #cja4 ,measuring marine carbon dioxide removal from space4,,title ,,iv--,matters relating to the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology,sec4 #dja4 ,validating marine carbon dioxide removal4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,carbon removal credit ,the term carbon removal credit means #a metric tonne of carbon dioxide or equivalent 7t,c,oe7 that-- 7,a7 is removed through marine carbon dioxide removal and durably stored2 7,b7 is unique1 registered1 and validated2 and 7,c7 may be traded on a voluntary carbon market and retired after purchase4 7#b7 ,coastal waters ,the term coastal waters has the meaning given the term in section #cjd of the ,coastal ,zone ,management ,act of #aigb 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #adec74 7#c7 ,contiguous zone ,the term contiguous zone has the meaning given the term in section #ejb of the ,federal ,water ,pollution ,control ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #acfb74 7#d7 ,exclusive economic zone ,the term exclusive economic zone has the meaning given the term in section #cecb of the ,maritime ,security and ,fisheries ,enforcement ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hjja74 7#e7 ,indian ,the term ,indian has the meaning given the term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 7#f7 ,indian tribe ,the term ,indian ,tribe has the meaning given the term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 7#g7 ,indian tribal government ,the term ,indian ,tribal government means the recognized governing body of any ,indian ,tribe or ,alaska ,native tribe1 band1 nation1 pueblo1 village1 community1 component band1 or component reservation1 individually identified 7including parenthetically7 in the list published most recently as of the date of the enactment of this ,act pursuant to section #ajd of the ,federally ,recognized ,indian ,tribe ,list ,act of #aiid 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #eaca74 7#h7 ,interagency working group ,the term interagency working group means the interagency working group established under section #ajd4 7#i7 ,internal waters ,the term internal waters means the waters shoreward of the baseline of the territorial seas1 which is normally the mean low water line along the coast of the ,united ,states4 7#aj7 ,marine carbon dioxide removal ,the term marine carbon dioxide removal means an intentional intervention in the marine environment that results in the net removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as measured on a life-cycle basis1 taking into account all greenhouse gasses measured in carbon dioxide equivalents4 7#aa7 ,national sea grant college program ,the term national sea grant college program means the program maintained under section #bjd7;a7 of the ,national ,sea ,grant ,college ,program ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #aabc7;a774 7#ab7 ,native american ,the term ,native ,american means-- 7,a7 an ,indian2 or 7,b7 a ,native ,hawaiian4 7#ac7 ,native hawaiian ,the term ,native ,hawaiian has the meaning given the term in section #fbjg of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #geag74 7#ad7 ,native hawaiian organization ,the term ,native ,hawaiian organization-- 7,a7 has the meaning given the term in section #fbjg of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #geag72 and 7,b7 includes the ,office of ,hawaiian ,affairs and the ,department of ,hawaiian ,home ,lands4 7#ae7 ,program ,the term ,program means the program established and maintained under section #aja4 7#af7 ,protocol ,the term protocol means a systematic approach for generating a carbon removal credit that follows a transparent and thorough science-based methodology-- 7,a7 for the development of projects to remove greenhouse gas emissions or sequester carbon2 and 7,b7 for demonstrating how to measure1 monitor1 report1 and verify the removal of greenhouse gas emissions or carbon sequestration by projects described in subparagraph 7,a74 7#ag7 ,regional ocean partnership ,the term ,regional ,ocean ,partnership means a ,regional ,ocean ,partnership designated under section #ajajb7;b77#c7 of the ,james ,m4 ,inhofe ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #adfh7;b77#c774 7#ah7 ,relevant congressional committees ,the term relevant congressional committees means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate2 7,b7 the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 7,c7 the ,committee on ,indian ,affairs of the ,senate2 7,d7 the ,committee on ,natural ,resources of the ,house of ,representatives2 and 7,e7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#ai7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7#bj7 ,standard ,the term standard means a broad principle or set of criteria established to ensure the credibility and integrity of a carbon removal credit or marine carbon dioxide removal by providing guidance on measurement1 monitoring1 reporting1 and verification of greenhouse gas removals4 7#ba7 ,state ,the term ,state means any of the several ,states of the ,united ,states1 the ,district of ,columbia1 the ,commonwealth of ,puerto ,rico1 the ,united ,states ,virgin ,islands1 ,american ,samoa1 ,guam1 and the ,commonwealth of the ,northern ,mariana ,islands4 7#bb7 ,territorial seas ,the term territorial seas has the meaning given the term in section #ejb of the ,federal ,water ,pollution ,control ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #acfb74 7#bc7 ,tribal lands ,the term ,tribal lands has the meaning given the term in section #ije7;a7 of the ,consolidated ,appropriations ,act1 #bjba 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #agje7;a774 7#bd7 ,tribal organization ,the term ,tribal organization has the meaning given the term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 7#be7 ,voluntary carbon market ,the term voluntary carbon market means a voluntary market through which carbon removal credits may be bought or sold4 #c4 ,purposes ,the purposes of this ,act are-- 7#a7 to support research1 development1 and field trials of safe and responsible marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#b7 to ensure robust monitoring and protection of coastal and marine ecosystems2 7#c7 to coordinate ,federal actions on marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7#d7 to support meaningful engagement with affected coastal communities and engagement and consultation1 as appropriate1 with ,indian ,tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 regarding marine carbon dioxide removal research1 monitoring1 and demonstration activities4 #d4 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this ,act shall be construed in derogation of applicable law regulating or restricting the use of the contiguous zone1 the territorial seas1 the exclusive economic zone of the ,united ,states1 or coastal waters other than internal waters4 #e4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under this ,act shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 ,i ,matters relating to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration #aja4 ,establishment of program for advancing marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 through the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and in consultation with the interagency working group1 shall establish1 not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and maintain a ,program to support and conduct activities to advance science and integrate traditional ecological knowledge 7to the maximum extent practicable71 and understanding of marine carbon dioxide removal consistent with the objectives and focal areas described in subsection 7b74 7b7 ,objectives and focal areas 7#a7 ,objectives ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,secretary shall seek to-- 7,a7 generate1 through research1 development1 and field trials1 the necessary knowledge1 theoretical basis1 and empirical evidence to evaluate-- 7i7 the efficacy of marine carbon dioxide removal1 including measurability1 durability1 magnitude1 and additionality2 7ii7 environmental and ecosystem responses to marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7iii7 the social1 cultural and economic impacts1 including on public health and safety1 of marine carbon dioxide removal to affected coastal communities2 and 7,b7 apply the knowledge described in subparagraph 7,a7 to-- 7i7 develop best practices for how marine carbon dioxide removal efficacy is measured1 monitored1 reported1 and verified2 7ii7 establish a methodology for defining actionable thresholds of environmental and ecosystem impacts for the utilization of marine carbon dioxide removal technologies2 7iii7 evaluate and recommend marine carbon dioxide removal approaches that could be safe and effective for larger-scale utilization for climate mitigation1 considering potential positive and negative climate1 environmental1 and social outcomes2 7iv7 evaluate the sustainability of marine carbon dioxide removal approaches1 including resource requirements1 life-cycle efficiency1 and carbon storage capability sufficient to demonstrate net carbon removal on a carbon dioxide equivalent basis1 scalability1 and potential for cost reductions2 7v7 analyze viable commercialization pathways and requisite enabling conditions for safe and effective marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7vi7 as necessary or appropriate1 support the implementation of this ,act4 7#b7 ,focal areas ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,secretary shall support and conduct activities to advance the science and understanding of-- 7,a7 ocean alkalinity enhancement2 7,b7 electrochemical engineering approaches2 7,c7 macroalgae cultivation2 7,d7 nutrient fertilization2 7,e7 artificial upwelling and downwelling2 7,f7 carbon storage properties of both natural and manipulated coastal and estuarine ecosystems for the purposes of ecologically based marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7,g7 other marine carbon dioxide removal approaches as the ,secretary considers appropriate4 7c7 ,grants 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,secretary shall award grants1 on a competitive basis1 to fund research in accordance with the objectives described in subsection 7b77#a7 and the ,federal research plan described in section #ajd4 7#b7 ,code of conduct ,the ,secretary shall require grantees under this subsection conducting activities in the field to abide by the code of conduct established under section #ajd4 7#c7 ,funding for engagement and consultation ,the ,secretary shall award not less than #aj1jjj in grant funding to support engagement and consultation activities1 including-- 7,a7 consultation or engagement1 as appropriate1 with ,indian ,tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations2 and 7,b7 engagement with affected coastal communities4 7d7 ,additional authority ,the ,secretary may enter into contracts1 public-private partnerships1 cooperative agreements1 or other financial agreements in furtherance of this ,act4 7e7 ,data management 7#a7 ,strategies ,the ,secretary1 in cooperation with such partners as the ,secretary considers relevant1 including ,indian ,tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 shall develop and implement data management strategies to ensure all non-proprietary data collected pursuant to this ,act are-- 7,a7 properly stewarded for the long-term2 and 7,b7 findable1 accessible1 interoperable1 and reusable4 7#b7 ,implementation2 preservation and curation ,the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 ensure management of data collected under this ,act is implemented in accordance with-- 7i7 chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code2 and 7ii7 the ,foundations for ,evidence-,based ,policymaking ,act of #bjah 7,public ,law #aae-dce2 #acb ,stat4 #eebi7 and the amendments made by that ,act2 and 7,b7 preserve and curate such data in accordance with chapter #ca of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,federal ,records ,act of #aiej71 in order to maximize use of such data4 7#c7 ,tribal control 7,a7 ,in general ,nothing in this section shall be construed to-- 7i7 require any ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization to share or publish data2 or 7ii7 affect an ,indian ,tribe's authority to determine how its data is collected1 used1 stored1 or shared4 7,b7 ,required consent ,information submitted by1 or obtained from1 an ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization pursuant to this section1 shall not be published without the consent of such ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization4 7,c7 ,freedom of information ,act ,records1 methodologies1 or other information or data submitted by an ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization1 shall be exempt from disclosure under subsection 7b77#c77;,b7 of section #eeb of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 unless otherwise waived or consented to by the ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization4 7f7 ,international coordination ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary shall coordinate with the ,secretary of ,state and appropriate international entities4 #ajb4 ,monitoring of marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,in general ,for field activities conducted as part of the ,program1 the ,secretary shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 provide or otherwise develop the instrumentation1 infrastructure1 and personnel for efficient and rigorous monitoring to-- 7#a7 understand and minimize negative ecosystem1 community1 cultural1 and economic impacts related to marine carbon dioxide removal1 including impacts to ,native ,american communities2 and 7#b7 maximize co-benefits of marine carbon dioxide removal for communities and ecosystems4 7b7 ,monitoring goals ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 use monitoring assets to achieve the objectives described in section #aja7;b77#a72 7#b7 support compliance with applicable environmental law2 7#c7 support rigorous1 science-based approaches for the research1 development1 and trialing of technologies for marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#d7 incorporate traditional ecological knowledge2 7#e7 develop and improve technologies for monitoring1 modeling1 analyzing1 remediating1 or mitigating impacts from marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#f7 study ecosystem responses to marine carbon dioxide removal technology2 and 7#g7 collect data to inform the development of uniform standards and protocols for marine carbon dioxide removal1 including-- 7,a7 the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the ocean and the atmosphere attributable to marine carbon dioxide removal2 7,b7 the duration of carbon sequestration and risk of reversal of sequestration1 as applicable2 7,c7 the total energetic requirements of all processes and activities associated with the capture and storage of carbon dioxide and associated carbon dioxide release2 and 7,d7 other metrics the ,secretary considers necessary or advisable1 including those developed through consultation with ,indian ,tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7c7 ,technical assistance ,to support the development of reliable1 fair1 and efficient voluntary carbon markets and best practices1 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of the ,treasury and the ,secretary of ,energy1 may provide technical assistance to promote consistency1 reliability1 effectiveness1 efficiency1 and transparency1 including through protocol documents and details relating to-- 7#a7 calculations2 7#b7 sampling methodologies2 7#c7 accounting principles2 7#d7 systems for measurement1 monitoring1 reporting1 and verification2 and 7#e7 methods to account for additionality1 durability and duration of carbon storage1 leakage1 and1 as appropriate1 avoidance of double counting4 7d7 ,public-,private-,academic partnerships ,the ,secretary may examine and develop models for public-private-academic partnerships to efficiently monitor marine carbon dioxide removal1 including with respect to-- 7#a7 data sharing and standardization2 7#b7 cost sharing2 7#c7 in-kind contributions2 and 7#d7 contracts and grants for third-party monitoring activities4 7e7 ,contracts ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary may enter into contracts the ,secretary considers necessary or advisable4 7f7 ,unlimited right data 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to contracts protecting confidential proprietary data1 the ,secretary shall make monitoring data collected1 and protocols created1 under this section available to the public at no-cost and with no restrictions on copying1 publishing1 distributing1 citing1 adapting1 or otherwise using such data or protocols4 7#b7 ,limitation 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary may enter into cooperative research and development agreements that restrict data sharing and ensure protection of intellectual property for such users of research areas designated or established under section #ajc as the ,secretary considers appropriate4 7,b7 ,required permission to share ,the ,secretary may not share or otherwise disclose the monitoring data of any ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization without the express permission of the ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization or ,native ,hawaiian organization4 #ajc4 ,research areas for marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,secretary may-- 7#a7 designate ,federally administered1 funded1 or supported oceanic1 coastal1 estuarine1 riverine1 or terrestrial areas1 including ,tribal lands1 with the consent of the ,indian ,tribe1 for research related to one or more marine carbon dioxide removal approaches2 or 7#b7 award grants to eligible entities to establish such areas for such research4 7b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of the research areas designated or established under this section shall be to enable-- 7#a7 the basic and applied science needed to achieve the objectives described in section #aja7;b77#a71 including through-- 7,a7 bench-scale1 mesocosm1 and wet lab experiments2 and 7,b7 field trials1 other field research1 and demonstration projects2 7#b7 coordinated permitting and compliance with applicable environmental law and risk mitigation2 7#c7 meaningful consultation with ,indian ,tribes or ,native ,hawaiian organizations2 7#d7 sensing networks that can reliably return accurate observations across a wide field of variables in support of the monitoring goals set forth in section #ajb7;b72 7#e7 a community of practice among ,federal and non-,federal researchers1 entrepreneurs1 ,indian ,tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and other stakeholders2 7#f7 the incubation or acceleration of businesses that can safely utilize-- 7,a7 marine carbon dioxide removal technologies2 or 7,b7 technologies to measure1 monitor1 report1 or verify approaches2 and 7#g7 long-term community engagement and participation in marine carbon dioxide removal activities4 7c7 ,inventory ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 conduct an inventory of existing ,federal facilities and oceanic1 coastal1 estuarine1 riverine1 or terrestrial areas that may be suitable for designation as ,federally administered research areas under this section2 7#b7 submit the inventory to the interagency working group for review2 7#c7 following submittal of the inventory under paragraph 7#b71 publish the inventory to the ,federal ,register for public comment2 and 7#d7 use such public comments to inform the selection of research areas4 7d7 ,grants 7#a7 ,eligible entities ,for purposes of grants under this section1 an eligible entity is any of the following3 7,a7 ,an institution of higher education 7as defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 or a tribally controlled college or university 7as defined in section #b of the ,tribally ,controlled ,colleges and ,universities ,assistance ,act of #aigh 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja774 7,b7 ,a ,state or local government or an ,indian ,tribal government4 7,c7 ,an ,indian ,tribe4 7,d7 ,a ,tribal organization or a ,native ,hawaiian organization4 7,e7 ,a consortium of entities1 including-- 7i7 a consortium of entities described in any of subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,d72 or 7ii7 a consortium of private or public entities that have demonstrated the capacity to conduct the research described in this section1 including a ,national ,laboratory 7as defined in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja774 7#b7 ,applications ,an eligible entity seeking a grant under this section shall submit to the ,secretary an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,secretary may require4 7#c7 ,private sector investment ,in awarding grants under this section1 the ,secretary shall seek to leverage private sector investment1 to the extent possible4 7e7 ,suitability assessment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall assess the suitability of each research area under consideration for designation or establishment under this section4 7#b7 ,data2 tools2 considerations ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary-- 7,a7 shall use relevant scientific1 social1 traditional ecological knowledge1 and economic data1 including baseline environmental data and any assessments of baseline environmental data2 and 7,b7 may-- 7i7 develop and employ marine spatial planning tools2 and 7ii7 consider non-contiguous areas that are near or adjacent to one another and connected by ecological or oceanographic factors4 7#c7 ,factors ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary may assess the following3 7,a7 ,matters relating to oceanographic and ecological characteristics1 including-- 7i7 proximity and access to geologic storage formations2 7ii7 impacts to coastal and marine ecosystems1 biodiversity1 protected species1 and the habitat of such species2 7iii7 proximity and impacts to existing protected areas1 such as marine monuments and sanctuaries1 and ,tribal and ,native ,hawaiian cultural sites2 and 7iv7 bathymetry1 ocean circulation1 and carbon chemistry baselines4 7,b7 ,matters relating to human uses and communities1 including-- 7i7 current and possible future human uses of the research area and the areas in reasonable proximity to the research area2 7ii7 availability of existing sensor networks1 technology1 infrastructure1 and land-based facilities2 7iii7 where appropriate1 potential colocation with existing infrastructure such as desalination plants1 ships1 moorings1 and renewable energy2 and 7iv7 potential socioeconomic1 sociocultural1 and direct and indirect impacts 7including access to subsistence and traditional resources7 on affected coastal communities1 including ,indians1 ,native ,hawaiians1 ,indian ,tribes1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7,c7 ,potential downstream impacts beyond the research area4 7,d7 ,such other factors as the ,secretary considers appropriate1 in consultation with-- 7i7 ,states1 ,indian ,tribes1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations that are in reasonable proximity to the research area2 or 7ii7 the interagency working group4 7f7 ,terms and conditions 7#a7 ,in general ,for each research area designated or established under this section1 and subject to subsection 7i71 the ,secretary shall develop terms and conditions by which all users of the research area shall abide4 7#b7 ,elements ,at a minimum1 the terms and conditions developed under this subsection shall include-- 7,a7 a requirement for any user of the research area to abide by the code of conduct established under section #ajd2 7,b7 stewardship1 management1 and conservation measures that incorporate local knowledge1 including traditional ecological knowledge1 to the greatest extent practicable2 7,c7 a requirement for the user to develop and follow a plan to-- 7i7 mitigate risks and conflicts regarding local ecological conditions1 biological sensitivities1 protected resources 7including cultural resources71 and commercial and human uses2 7ii7 monitor ecosystem responses within1 and in reasonable proximity to1 the research area2 7iii7 address potential environmental degradation resulting from activities at the research area2 and 7iv7 following the expiration of a research area1 remove-- 7,i7 the user's fixtures1 furnishings1 equipment2 and 7,,ii7 any improvements made to the research area2 7,d7 clear1 objective thresholds of environmental harm that require the immediate cessation of a user's activities at the research area2 7,e7 the user's consent for-- 7i7 remote monitoring of the user's activities and the impacts of those activities on the environment2 and 7ii7 regular and unannounced inspections of the user's activities by the advisory board for the research area appointed under subsection 7j72 7,f7 a requirement that the user will comply with all applicable law and policies2 and 7,g7 additional terms and conditions as the ,secretary considers necessary or appropriate in furtherance of this ,act4 7g7 ,duration 7#a7 ,in general ,the duration of research areas designated or established under this section shall be determined as provided in this subsection4 7#b7 ,research areas administered by a ,federal agency 7,a7 ,reassessment ,not less frequently than once every #e years1 the ,secretary shall reassess each research area administered by a ,federal agency to ensure that the research area advances the purpose set forth in subsection 7b71 the research area is suitable under subsection 7e71 and users of the research area are in compliance with applicable terms and conditions developed under subsection 7f74 7,b7 ,termination of activities ,if1 pursuant to a reassessment carried out with respect to a research area under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary finds that the research area does not advance the purpose set forth in subsection 7b71 the research area is not suitable under subsection 7e71 or users of the research area are noncompliant with applicable terms and conditions developed under subsection 7f71 the ,federal agency administering the research area shall-- 7i7 terminate activities at the research area2 and 7ii7 7,i7 close down operations at the research area pursuant to applicable terms and conditions2 or 7,,ii7 remediate the research area to comport with subsections 7b71 7e71 and 7f74 7#c7 ,research areas administered by an eligible entity 7,a7 ,initial period ,an eligible entity administering a research area under this ,act may carry out activities at the research area for an initial period of #e years4 7,b7 ,reassessment ,before the conclusion of an initial period for a research area described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall reassess the research area to ensure that the research area advances the purpose set forth in subsection 7b71 the research area is suitable under subsection 7e71 and users of the research are in compliance with applicable terms and conditions developed under subsection 7f74 7,c7 ,additional period ,if1 pursuant to a reassessment carried out with respect to a research area under subparagraph 7,b71 the ,secretary finds that the research area advances the purpose set forth in subsection 7b71 the research area is suitable under subsection 7e71 and users of the research area are in compliance with applicable terms and conditions developed under subsection 7f71 the ,secretary may authorize the eligible entity administering the research area to carry out activities at the research area for a single1 additional period of #e years4 7,d7 ,termination of activities ,if1 pursuant to a reassessment carried out with respect to a research area under subparagraph 7,b71 the ,secretary finds that the research area does not advance the purpose set forth in subsection 7b71 the research area is not suitable under subsection 7e71 or users of the research area are noncompliant with applicable terms and conditions developed under subsection 7f71 the eligible entity administering the research area shall-- 7i7 terminate activities at the research area2 and 7ii7 7,i7 close down operations at the research area pursuant to applicable terms and conditions2 or 7,,ii7 remediate the research area to comport with subsections 7b71 7e71 and 7f74 7,e7 ,reestablishment ,in order to allow for continuity of operations1 not later than #a year prior to the conclusion of an additional #e-year period for a research area authorized under subparagraph 7,c71 the eligible entity administering the research area may reapply for the establishment of the research area under this section4 7h7 ,community benefits ,for each research area designated or established under this section1 and subject to subsection 7i71 the ,secretary shall develop1 to the maximum extent possible1 opportunities to deliver benefits to communities with interest in the research area1 such as-- 7#a7 community benefit agreements2 7#b7 workforce development opportunities2 7#c7 mitigation measures2 7#d7 public education or tribally controlled school efforts2 and 7#e7 other socioeconomic or educational benefit schemes4 7i7 ,engagement or consultation2 partnerships ,in carrying out subsections 7f7 and 7h71 the ,secretary-- 7#a7 shall engage or consult1 as appropriate1 regarding the terms and conditions and community benefits described in such subsections with-- 7,a7 ,state and local governments and ,indian ,tribes near or adjacent to the research area2 7,b7 members of communities near or adjacent to the research area1 including relevant recreational and commercial users1 academic institutions1 ,native ,american individuals1 ,indian ,tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and nongovernmental organizations2 and 7,c7 other stakeholders as the ,secretary considers necessary to ensure full and fair engagement with potentially impacted community members2 and 7#b7 may leverage existing partnerships and assets to support meaningful public participation1 including-- 7,a7 the national sea grant college program2 7,b7 ,regional ,ocean ,partnerships2 and 7,c7 the ,regional ,collaboration ,network4 7j7 ,advisory boards 7#a7 ,in general ,except as provided in paragraph 7#c71 the ,secretary shall appoint an advisory board to support oversight of each research area designated or established under this section1 consisting of-- 7,a7 one or more representatives of each ,federal agency participating in activities at the research area2 7,b7 one or more representatives of each ,state1 county1 or ,indian ,tribe adjacent to the research area2 7,c7 one or more members from each community adjacent to the research area2 7,d7 one or more representatives of the users of the research area2 and 7,e7 additional members as the ,secretary considers appropriate4 7#b7 ,duties 7,a7 ,in general ,a board appointed under this subsection shall-- 7i7 monitor the delivery of community benefits1 compliance with the applicable terms and conditions1 and1 as necessary or advisable1 inspections of activities at the research area2 7ii7 meet regularly with the ,secretary to provide advice and guidance for the management1 conservation1 and stewardship of the research area2 7iii7 provide advice and recommendations to the ,secretary on whether a proposed use or user of the research area should be allowed2 and 7iv7 take other actions to support the safe1 effective1 orderly1 and lawful operation of the research area at the discretion of the ,secretary4 7,b7 ,additional duties ,upon the request of a board appointed under this subsection1 the ,secretary may assign additional duties to the board as the ,secretary considers appropriate4 7#c7 ,special rule for regional ocean partnerships ,at the discretion of the ,secretary or upon the request of a ,state or local government or ,indian ,tribal government1 the ,secretary may request that the ,regional ,ocean ,partnership in which the research area is located carry out the duties described in paragraph 7#b7 instead of appointing a board as provided in paragraph 7#a74 #ajd4 ,interagency working group for marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,in general ,there is established an interagency working group for marine carbon dioxide removal under the subcommittee on ,ocean ,science and ,technology of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council4 7b7 ,membership ,the interagency working group shall be composed of one or more representatives from each of the following3 7#a7 ,the ,army ,corps of ,engineers4 7#b7 ,the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#c7 ,the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 7#d7 ,the ,department of ,energy 7including at least one representative from the ,office of ,indian ,energy74 7#e7 ,the ,bureau of ,ocean ,energy ,management4 7#f7 ,the ,bureau of ,safety and ,environmental ,enforcement4 7#g7 ,the ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service4 7#h7 ,the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey4 7#i7 ,the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs4 7#aj7 ,the ,department of ,state4 7#aa7 ,the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#ab7 ,the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7#ac7 ,the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7#ad7 ,the ,smithsonian ,institution4 7#ae7 ,the ,office of ,naval ,research4 7#af7 ,the ,department of the ,navy4 7#ag7 ,the ,coast ,guard4 7#ah7 ,the ,department of ,agriculture4 7#ai7 ,the ,council on ,environmental ,quality4 7#bj7 ,the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy4 7c7 ,co-,chairs ,one or more representatives from the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and one or more representatives from the ,department of ,energy shall serve as co-chairs of the interagency working group4 7d7 ,meetings ,the interagency working group shall meet not less frequently than once each year1 at the call of the co-chairs4 7e7 ,duties ,the interagency working group shall-- 7#a7 not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 establish a plan to coordinate ,federal research on marine carbon dioxide removal in accordance with subsection 7f72 7#b7 not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act-- 7,a7 establish a code of conduct in accordance with subsection 7g72 and 7,b7 standardize the implementation of that code of conduct2 7#c7 coordinate efforts among ,federal agencies to support compliance with existing law2 7#d7 support research and development of safe and effective marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#e7 coordinate ,federal funding opportunities in a manner that avoids duplication of funding and research efforts and maximizes funding for marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#f7 as appropriate1 provide recommendations to-- 7,a7 support the transition from research to operations of safe and effective marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7,b7 integrate marine carbon dioxide removal into voluntary carbon markets2 7#g7 publish and submit the biennial report required by section #aje2 7#h7 not later than #ij days after the date on which the interagency working group receives the inventory submitted under section #ajc7;c71 review the inventory and provide recommendations to the ,secretary for the selection of research areas2 7#i7 ensure the public availability of and public access to the results of marine carbon dioxide removal research in accordance with subsection 7h72 7#aj7 take other actions1 as the interagency working group considers necessary1 to coordinate ,federal support for safe and effective marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7#aa7 consult with ,indian ,tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7f7 ,federal research plan 7#a7 ,adoption of existing plans ,in carrying out subsection 7e77#a71 the interagency working group may adopt one or more research plans prepared by agencies represented on the interagency working group or through other interagency efforts4 7#b7 ,updates ,not later than #e years after the date on which the plan described in subsection 7e77#a7 is established1 and every #e years thereafter1 the interagency working group shall update the plan4 7#c7 ,requirements ,the plan described in subsection 7e77#a7 shall-- 7,a7 prioritize public engagement1 consultation with ,indian ,tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and research on ecosystem impacts2 and 7,b7 further the objectives and focal areas described in section #aja7;b74 7g7 ,code of conduct 7#a7 ,in general ,the interagency working group shall1 after publication and an opportunity for public comment in the ,federal ,register1 establish a code of conduct for research relating to marine carbon dioxide removal 7in this subsection referred to as the code of conduct74 7#b7 ,adoption by agencies ,the agencies represented on the interagency working group shall adopt the code of conduct4 7#c7 ,applicability ,each grantee under this ,act conducting activities in the field and each user of a research area designated or established under section #ajc shall abide by the code of conduct4 7#d7 ,minimum substantive requirements ,the code of conduct shall1 at minimum1 require-- 7,a7 open access to research data1 findings1 codes of conduct1 mitigation plans1 and scientific publications arising from the research2 7,b7 that open-water testing is preceded and informed by laboratory1 mesocosm1 and modeling research2 7,c7 public disclosure of funding sources2 7,d7 educational materials and community learning opportunities to increase awareness and literacy of proposed research activities1 findings1 risks1 uncertainties1 potential benefits1 and the distribution of anticipated benefits and harms2 7,e7 opportunities for interested stakeholders to provide input on research design2 7,f7 where applicable1 solicitation and incorporation of local and traditional knowledge1 including traditional ecological knowledge1 into research design and decisions2 7,g7 reasonable efforts to deconflict research with existing commercial and human uses2 7,h7 for each experiment1 a mitigation plan that describes-- 7i7 potential ecosystem responses2 7ii7 potential social outcomes1 including to health and safety2 7iii7 any measures taken to minimize harm2 and 7iv7 liability and guidelines for remediation of adverse impacts1 including environmental degradation1 resulting from research2 7,i7 compliance with all applicable domestic and international laws and policies2 and 7,j7 other requirements or best practices1 as the interagency working group determines necessary1 to assess and communicate positive and negative social and environmental impacts and uncertainties4 7#e7 ,minimum engagement requirements ,in fulfilling the requirements described in paragraph 7#d71 grantees and users described in paragraph 7#c7 shall maximize participation of and consultation with1 at minimum-- 7,a7 ,state and local governments and ,indian ,tribes near or adjacent to any part of the area in which field research relating to marine carbon dioxide removal is conducted2 7,b7 members of communities near or adjacent to the area1 including relevant recreational and commercial users1 academic institutions1 ,native ,american individuals1 ,indian ,tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and nongovernmental organizations2 and 7,c7 other stakeholders as the head of the ,federal agency providing resources for the grantee or user considers necessary to ensure full and fair engagement with potentially impacted community members4 7#f7 ,updates ,not less frequently than once each year for the first #e years following the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and once every #e years thereafter1 the interagency working group shall review1 and1 as appropriate update1 the code of conduct to ensure that it remains timely and relevant4 7h7 ,public availability and access 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to contracts protecting confidential proprietary data1 the interagency working group may make research papers and other results generated under this ,act available to the public at no-cost and with no restrictions on copying1 publishing1 distributing1 citing1 adapting1 or otherwise using such papers or results4 7#b7 ,portal ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the interagency working group shall establish a new portal or designate an existing information portal to ensure1 while protecting sensitive proprietary information1 that data and information on marine carbon dioxide removal generated under this ,act1 or by other ,federal programs and relevant stakeholders1 is easily1 digitally accessible1 including information that would be useful to policymakers1 researchers1 and other stakeholders for advancing research or evaluating the utilization of marine carbon dioxide removal4 7#c7 ,tribal control 7,a7 ,in general ,nothing in this section shall be construed to-- 7i7 require any ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization to share or publish data2 or 7ii7 affect an ,indian ,tribe's authority to determine how its data is collected1 used1 stored1 or shared4 7,b7 ,required consent ,information submitted by1 or obtained from1 an ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization pursuant to this section1 shall not be published without the consent of such ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization4 7,c7 ,freedom of information ,act ,records1 methodologies1 or other information or data submitted by an ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization1 shall be exempt from disclosure under subsection 7b77#c77;,b7 of section #eeb of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 unless otherwise waived or consented to by the ,indian ,tribe1 ,tribal organization1 or ,native ,hawaiian organization4 7i7 ,memorandum of agreement ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the members of the interagency working group shall enter into a memorandum of agreement to implement this ,act4 #aje4 ,biennial report on marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than once every #b years thereafter1 the interagency working group shall-- 7#a7 publish a report on marine carbon dioxide removal carried out pursuant to this ,act1 in accordance with subsection 7c72 and 7#b7 submit the report to the relevant congressional committees4 7b7 ,elements ,each report required by subsection 7a7 shall include1 for the period covered by the report1 the following3 7#a7 ,a description of progress made toward the objectives described in section #aja7;b77#a71 including-- 7,a7 findings generated under subparagraph 7,a7 of such section and the information on which those findings are based2 and 7,b7 efforts and outcomes related to subparagraph 7,b7 of such section4 7#b7 ,a summary of the activities conducted at all research areas designated or established under section #ajc1 including-- 7,a7 the number of entities and personnel using each research area for marine carbon dioxide removal2 and 7,b7 the specific marine carbon dioxide removal approaches studied or demonstrated4 7#c7 ,a summary of key findings from data collection and monitoring1 including-- 7,a7 the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the ocean and the atmosphere1 as measured on a life-cycle basis1 by each removal technology2 7,b7 whether a particular removal technology results in net removals of greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere over its life cycle1 and the duration of sequestration1 as applicable2 7,c7 for removal technologies that rely on an energy source1 the amount of energy consumed by the technology2 and 7,d7 any other metrics the interagency working group considers necessary or advisable4 7#d7 ,a summary of research findings1 knowledge gaps1 and future research priorities4 7#e7 ,an assessment of the permitting regime regulating marine carbon dioxide removal that includes recommendations for improved efficiency or coordination1 as applicable4 7#f7 ,an identification of barriers in resources1 capacity1 technology1 infrastructure1 or expertise to advancing the science and application of marine carbon dioxide removal4 7#g7 ,strategic updates to the objectives described in section #aja7;b77#a74 7#h7 ,any additional matters the interagency working group considers relevant4 7c7 ,public availability ,the interagency working group shall-- 7#a7 publish each report required by subsection 7a7 on a publicly accessible website2 and 7#b7 make each such report available to the public at no-cost and with no restrictions on copying1 publishing1 distributing1 citing1 adapting1 or otherwise using the report4 #ajf4 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere to carry out this title such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years #bjbg through #bjca4 ,,ii ,matters relating to the ,national ,science ,foundation #bja4 ,researching marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,research ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall award grants to support the ,federal research plan described in section #ajd1 including research related to-- 7#a7 the efficacy of marine carbon dioxide removal1 including measurability1 magnitude of greenhouse gas removal1 durability1 and additionally2 7#b7 ecosystem responses to and social and cultural dimensions of marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#c7 tools and technologies to support understanding and measurement of the efficacy and environmental impacts of marine carbon dioxide removal1 including traditional ecological knowledge2 and 7#d7 other relevant research areas1 as determined by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7b7 ,coordination ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall coordinate with the heads of appropriate ,federal agencies1 including the ,secretary4 7c7 ,science workforce development ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall leverage1 as appropriate1 the existing scientific training1 workforce development programs1 and networks of the ,national ,science ,foundation to build and expand scientific capacity and expertise related to marine carbon dioxide removal4 ,,iii ,matters relating to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration #cja4 ,measuring marine carbon dioxide removal from space 7a7 ,marine carbon dioxide removal activities ,to the extent practicable1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration 7referred to in this section as the ,administrator7 shall ensure that the capabilities and assets of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration are used to advance understanding of the efficacy and impacts of marine carbon dioxide removal and to support the ,federal research plan described in section #ajd1 including by-- 7#a7 leveraging the research portfolio of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 7#b7 enhancing the monitoring and modeling programs of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration to incorporate relevant data for marine carbon dioxide removal2 7#c7 leveraging and aligning the ,mission ,directorates of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 and 7#d7 carrying out any other relevant activity1 as determined by the ,administrator4 7b7 ,coordination and program consistency ,in carrying out the activities described in subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall coordinate with the head of any appropriate ,federal agency1 including the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere1 to ensure that the research activities of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration are carried out in cooperation with the efforts of such agency4 7c7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,administrator to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years #bjbg through #bjca4 ,,iv ,matters relating to the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology #dja4 ,validating marine carbon dioxide removal 7a7 ,marine carbon dioxide removal initiative ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology shall carry out an initiative to develop and standardize benchmark materials1 measurements1 data1 and models to accelerate innovation in and validate performance of materials and technologies for marine carbon dioxide removal4 7b7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the activities described in subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology shall coordinate with the heads of such ,federal agencies as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate1 including the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere4 7c7 ,international engagement ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state1 shall engage international bodies to promote global adoption of the standards referred to in subsection 7a74 7d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology to carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years #bjbg through #bjca4