,,ii #aai? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #cijb ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,febru>y #bd1 #bjbf,ms4 ,ern/ introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ,a ,,bill ,to provide = auditable f9ancial /atem5ts = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,review+ ,e ,*eck & ,ea* ,invoice ,pur*as+ ,troops' ,supplies ,act or ! ,,receipts ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,section #i ( ,article ,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates requires all ag5cies ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 to publi% a regul> ,/atem5t & ,acc\nt ( ! ,receipts & ,exp5ditures ( all public ,money4 7#b7 ,section #ceae7;a7 ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 requires ! ag5cies ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 to pres5t auditable f9ancial /atem5ts beg9n+ n lat] ?an ,m>* #a1 #bjjc4 ,! ,dep>tm5t has n compli$ ) ?is law4 7#c7 ,! ,f$]al ,f9ancial ,managem5t ,improvem5t ,act ( #aiif 7title ,,viii ( division ,a ( ,public ,law #ajd-bjh2 #ca ,u4,s4,c4 #ceab note7 requires f9ancial sy/ems acquir$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 to be able to provide in=mation to lead]s to manage & control ! co/ ( ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,dep>tm5t has n compli$ ) ?is law4 7#d7 ,! f9ancial managem5t ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se has be5 on ! ,high-,risk li/ ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice1 :i* means t ! ,dep>tm5t is n consi/5tly able to control co/s2 ensure basic acc\ntability2 anticipate future co/s & claims on ! budget2 measure p]=mance2 ma9ta9 funds control2 & prev5t & detect fraud1 wa/e1 & abuse4 7#e7 ,9 #bjje1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se creat$ a ,f9ancial ,improvem5t & ,audit ,read9ess 7,,fi>7 ,plan1 ov]se5 by a directorate )9 ! (fice ( ! ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7,comptroll]71 to improve ,dep>tm5t bus9ess processes ) ! goal ( produc+ timely1 reliable1 & accurate f9ancial in=mation t c\ld g5]ate an audit-ready annual f9ancial /atem5t4 ,9 ,decemb] #bjje1 t directorate1 kn[n z ! ,,fi> ,directorate1 issu$ ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( semiannual reports on ! /atus ( ! ,f9ancial ,improvem5t & ,audit ,read9ess ,plan4 7#f7 ,section #ajjc ( ! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaj 7,public ,law #aaa-hd2 #abc ,/at4 #bdci7 requir$ regul> /atus reports on ! ,f9ancial ,improvem5t & ,audit ,read9ess ,plan describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#e71 & codifi$ z a /atutory requirem5t ! goal ( ! ,plan 9 ensur+ t ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se f9ancial /atem5ts 7 validat$ z ready = audit n lat] ?an ,septemb] #cj1 #bjag4 ,9 addition1 section #ajje ( ! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjac 7,public ,law #aab-bci7 requir$ t ! /atem5t ( budget>y res\rces ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se be validat$ z ready = audit by n lat] ?an ,septemb] #cj1 #bjad4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se did n meet ^! deadl9es4 7#g7 ,at a ,june #bjbe he>+ 9 ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,dep>tm5t's ,act+ ,comptroll] committ$ to audit-ready budget /atem5ts = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,w> by #bjbh by /at+1 ,)9 ! next ?ree ye>s1 "u ! secret>y's guidance1 ! rema9d] ( ! dep>tm5t w a*ieve ! clean audit op9ion44 #c4 ,enhanc$ reprogramm+ au?ority foll[+ a*ievem5t by ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se & milit>y dep>tm5ts ( audit ) unqualifi$ op9ion ( its f9ancial /atem5ts = fiscal ye>s aft] fiscal ye> #bjbh 7a7 ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se g5]ally ,if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se obta9s an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on f9ancial /atem5ts = any fiscal ye> aft] fiscal ye> #bjbh1 ! limitation on ! total am\nt ( au?orizations t ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se may transf] pursuant to g5]al transf] au?ority available to ! ,secret>y 9 ! national int]e/ 9 ! succe$+ fiscal ye> %all be ! great] ( #aj1jjj1jjj1jjj or #a p]c5t ( ! total budget au?ority available to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se = t succe$+ fiscal ye>4 7b7 ,milit>y dep>tm5ts1 def5se ag5cies1 & def5se field activities ,if a milit>y dep>tm5t1 ,def5se ,ag5cy1 or ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,field ,activity obta9s an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on its f9ancial /atem5ts = any fiscal ye> aft] fiscal ye> #bjbh1 ! ?re%olds = reprogramm+ ( funds ( su* milit>y dep>tm5t1 ,def5se ,ag5cy1 or ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,field ,activity1 z ! case may be1 )\t prior notice to ,congress = ! succe$+ fiscal ye> %all be deem$ to be ! ?re%olds z foll[s3 7#a7 ,9 ! case ( an increase or decrease to ! program base am\nt = a procurem5t program1 #fj1jjj1jjj4 7#b7 ,9 ! case ( an increase or decrease to ! program base am\nt = a rese>* program1 #cj1jjj1jjj4 7#c7 ,9 ! case ( an increase or decrease to ! am\nt = a budget activity = op]ation & ma9t5ance1 #de1jjj1jjj4 7#d7 ,9 ! case ( an increase or decrease to ! am\nt = a budget activity = milit>y p]sonnel1 #cj1jjj1jjj4 7c7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to alt] or revise any requirem5t 7o!r ?an a ?re%old am\nt7 = notice to ,congress on transf]s cov]$ by subsection 7a7 or reprogramm+s cov]$ by subsection 7b7 "u any o!r provision ( law4 7d7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section1 ! t]ms program base am\nt1 procurem5t program1 rese>* program1 & budget activity h ! mean+s giv5 su* t]ms 9 *apt] #f ( volume #c ( ! ,f9ancial ,managem5t ,regulation ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7,do,d #gjjj4ad,r71 dat$ ,m>* #bjaa1 or any successor regulation4 #d4 ,cessation ( applicability ( report+ requirem5ts reg>d+ ! f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se aft] obta9+ a clean audit op9ion 7a7 ,cessation ( applicability 7#a7 ,milit>y dep>tm5ts ,! f9ancial /atem5ts ( a milit>y dep>tm5t %all cease to be cov]$ by ! report+ requirem5ts specifi$ 9 subsection 7b7 ^u ! issuance ( an unqualifi$ audit op9ion on su* f9ancial /atem5ts4 7#b7 ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,! report+ requirem5ts specifi$ 9 subsection 7b7 %all cease to be effective :5 an unqualifi$ audit op9ion is issu$ on ! f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 includ+ ea* ( ! milit>y dep>tm5ts & ! o!r report+ entities def9$ by ! ,(fice ( ,managem5t & ,budget4 7b7 ,report+ requirem5ts ,! report+ requirem5ts specifi$ 9 ?is subsection are ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! requirem5t = annual reports 9 section #hib7;b7 ( ! ,ike ,skelton ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaa 7,public ,law #aaa-chc2 #abd ,/at4 #dcaa74 7#b7 ,! requirem5t = semi-annual reports 9 section #ajjc7;b7 ( ! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaj 7,public ,law #aaa-hd2 #abc ,/at4 #bddj74 7#c7 ,! requirem5t = annual reports 9 section #hag7;d7 ( ! ,bob ,/ump ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjjc 7,public ,law #ajg-cad2 #aaf ,/at4 #bfaj74 7#d7 ,! requirem5t = p]iodic reports 9 section #ijh7;b7 ( ! ,def5se ,acquisition ,improvem5t ,act ( #aihf 7,public ,law #ii-ejj2 #ajj ,/at4 #aghc-adj2 #aj ,u4,s4,c4 #bcbf note7 & duplicate requirem5ts z provid$ = 9 section #f ( ! ,def5se ,te*nical ,corrections ,act ( #aihg 7,public ,law #ajj-bf2 #aja ,/at4 #bgd2 #aj ,u4,s4,c4 #bcjb note74 #e4 ,additional duties & qualifications = failure to obta9 audits ) unqualifi$ op9ion ( fiscal ye> #bjbh f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se fails to obta9 an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on its f9ancial /atem5ts = fiscal ye> #bjbh by ,decemb] #ca1 #bjbh1 ! foll[+ %all take effect on ,janu>y #a1 #bjbi3 7#a7 ,additional qualifications & duties ( ,,usd 7,comptroll]7 7,a7 ,qualifications ,any individual nom9at$ = appo9tm5t to ! position ( ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7,comptroll]7 "u section #ace ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all be an individual :o is a ,c]tifi$ ,public ,acc\ntant 7,,cpa7 & has s]v$-- 7i7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a ,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cy t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* ag5cy's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice2 or 7ii7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a public company t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* company's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice4 7,b7 ,duties & p[]s ,! duties & p[]s ( ! individual s]v+ z ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7,comptroll]7 %all include1 9 addition to ! duties & p[]s specifi$ 9 section #ace7;c7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 su* duties & p[]s ) respect to ! f9ancial managem5t ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se z ! ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 ! capacity ( ,*ief ,managem5t ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se7 or a successor (ficial 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 su* capacity7 may prescribe4 7#b7 ,additional qualifications & responsibilities ( ,,asa = ,f9ancial ,managem5t 7,a7 ,qualifications ,any individual nom9at$ = appo9tm5t to ! position ( ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,army = ,f9ancial ,managem5t "u section #gjaf ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all be an individual :o is a ,c]tifi$ ,public ,acc\ntant 7,,cpa7 & :o has s]v$-- 7i7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a ,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cy t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* ag5cy's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice2 or 7ii7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a public company t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* company's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice4 7,b7 ,responsibilities ,! responsibilities ( ! individual s]v+ z ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,army = ,f9ancial ,managem5t %all include1 9 addition to ! responsibilities specifi$ 9 section #gjaf7;b77#d7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 su* responsibilities z ! ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 ! capacity ( ,*ief ,managem5t ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se7 or a successor (ficial 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 su* capacity7 may prescribe4 7#c7 ,additional qualifications & responsibilities ( ,,asn = ,f9ancial ,managem5t 7,a7 ,qualifications ,any individual nom9at$ = appo9tm5t to ! position ( ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,navy = ,f9ancial ,managem5t "u section #hjaf ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all be an individual :o is a ,c]tifi$ ,public ,acc\ntant 7,,cpa7 & :o has s]v$-- 7i7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a ,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cy t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* ag5cy's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice2 or 7ii7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a public company t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* company's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice4 7,b7 ,responsibilities ,! responsibilities ( ! individual s]v+ z ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,navy = ,f9ancial ,managem5t %all include1 9 addition to ! responsibilities specifi$ 9 section #hjaf7;b77#d7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 su* responsibilities z ! ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 ! capacity ( ,*ief ,managem5t ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se7 or a successor (ficial 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 su* capacity7 may prescribe4 7#d7 ,additional qualifications & responsibilities ( ,,asaf = ,f9ancial ,managem5t 7,a7 ,qualifications ,any individual nom9at$ = appo9tm5t to ! position ( ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,air ,=ce = ,f9ancial ,managem5t "u section #ijaf ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all be an individual :o is a ,c]tifi$ ,public ,acc\ntant 7,,cpa7 & :o has s]v$-- 7i7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a ,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cy t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* ag5cy's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice2 or 7ii7 z ! *ief f9ancial (fic] or equival5t position ( a public company t has receiv$ an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on su* company's f9ancial /atem5ts dur+ ! "t ( su* individual's s]vice4 7,b7 ,responsibilities ,! responsibilities ( ! individual s]v+ z ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,air ,=ce = ,f9ancial ,managem5t %all include1 9 addition to ! responsibilities specifi$ 9 section #ijaf7;b77#d7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 su* responsibilities z ! ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 ! capacity ( ,*ief ,managem5t ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se7 or a successor (ficial 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7act+ 9 su* capacity7 may prescribe4 7b7 ,public company def9$ ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m public company has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m issu] 9 section #b7;a77#g7 ( ! ,s>banes-,oxley ,act ( #bjjb 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gbja7g774 #f4 ,requir+ ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se to transf] non-def5se op]ations ( ! ,def5se ,f9ance & ,acc\nt+ ,s]vice 7,,dfas7 aft] failure to obta9 audits ) unqualifi$ op9ion ( fiscal ye> #bjbh f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,if ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se fails to obta9 an audit ) an unqualifi$ op9ion on its f9ancial /atem5ts = fiscal ye> #bjbh by ,decemb] #ca1 #bjbh1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all1 9 coord9ation ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury & ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,managem5t & ,budget 7,,omb71 transf] ! non-def5se payroll & f9ance s]vices p]=m$ by ,def5se ,f9ance & ,acc\nt+ ,s]vice 7,,dfas7 to ano!r payroll & f9ance s]vice 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 7b7 ,def9ition ,! t]m non-def5se payroll & f9ance s]vices-- 7#a7 ref]s to s]vices ,,dfas provides = o!r ,f$]al ag5cies o!r ?an ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices2 & 7#b7 does n ref] to any payroll & f9ance s]vices provid$ = milit>y retirees1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,vet]ans ,affairs1 or ! ,executive ,(fice ( ! ,presid5t4 #g4 ,*ange 9 mission /atem5t = ,,dfas ,! ,secret>y %all direct ,,dfas to am5d its mission /atem5t & vision to incorporate ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 7#a7 ,,dfas is a critical "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y's f9ancial managem5t & acc\nt+ team & is n solely provid+ a pay & f9ance s]vice to ! milit>y s]vices4 7#b7 ,,dfas is jo9tly responsible ) ! milit>y s]vices =-- 7,a7 acc\nt+ = milit>y sp5d+ by accurately & timely record+1 analyz+1 summ>iz+1 & classify+ milit>y s]vice f9ancial transactions2 7,b7 ensur+ milit>y s]vice f9ancial transactions are record$ 9 ! milit>y s]vices' f9ancial /atem5ts2 & 7,c7 a*iev+ an unqualifi$ audit op9ion = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se's f9ancial /atem5ts4 #h4 ,au?orization = artificial intellig5ce1 includ+ ag5tic artificial intellig5ce1 to obta9 audits ) unqualifi$ op9ion ( fiscal ye> #bjbh f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se %\ld1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1 utilize te*nology & s(tw>e to automate its ef=ts to prep>e & audit its f9ancial /atem5ts & m9imize ! use ( additional contractor p]sonnel = ?is function4 7b7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,9 addition to am\nts o!rwise available1 !re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ! foll[+ sums3 7#a7 #aej1jjj1jjj = ! deploym5t ( automation & artificial intellig5ce to accel]ate ! audits ( ! f9ancial /atem5t ( ! ,dep>tm5t4 7#b7 #aej1jjj1jjj = bus9ess sy/ems replacem5ts to accel]ate & improve ! accuracy ( ! f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se pursuant to *apt] #i;,a & section #bbbb ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7c7 ,(fset requir$ ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all t]m9ate = conv5i5ce exi/+ contracts = contractor support = consult+ s]vices reg>d+ ! audit & prep>ation ( f9ancial /atem5ts 9 am\nts equal to am\nts appropriat$ pursuant to subsection 7b74 #i4 ,e/abli%m5t ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,audit ,committee & am5dm5t ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,inspector ,g5]al role 9 audit ( f9ancial /atem5ts 7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all e/abli% a committee to be kn[n z ! ,audit ,committee to select & ov]see ! audit ( ! f9ancial /atem5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t z p]=m$ by an indep5d5t ext]nal auditor4 7b7 ,memb]%ip ,! ,audit ,committee %all be compos$ ( ! foll[+ memb]s3 7#a7 ,! ,deputy ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 :o %all s]ve z ! ,*airman ( ! ,audit ,committee4 7#b7 ,! ,*ief ,in=mation ,(fic] ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se4 7#c7 ,! ,deputy ,inspector ,g5]al 7,audit7 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se4 7#d7 ,an individual appo9t$ by ! ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate4 7#e7 ,an individual appo9t$ by ! ,rank+ ,memb] ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate4 7#f7 ,an individual appo9t$ by ! ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 7#g7 ,an individual appo9t$ by ! ,rank+ ,memb] ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 7#h7 ,an individual appo9t$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se f ! ,def5se ,bus9ess ,bo>d4 7c7 ,exclud$ individuals ,! ,audit ,committee %all n include ! foll[+ individuals curr5tly s]v+ 9 ! foll[+ roles3 7#a7 ,! ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7,comptroll]7_/,*ief ,f9ancial ,(fic]4 7#b7 ,! ,deputy ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se 7,comptroll]74 7#c7 ,! ,director1 ,def5se ,f9ance & ,acc\nt+ ,s]vice 7,,dfas74 7d7 ,qualification ,memb]s ( ! ,audit ,committee appo9t$ by ! ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,*airman ( ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all be appo9t$ to ! ,commission f among individuals :o are ,c]tifi$ ,public ,acc\ntants 7,c,p,as7 & :o h demon/rat$ k & exp]i5ce 9 ! audit ( ,f$]al ag5cy f9ancial /atem5ts4 7e7 ,audits by ag5cies ,section #ceba7;a7 ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ 7#a7 aft] 7a72 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ p>agraph3 7#b7 ,! audit requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 = ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se %all be p]=m$ by an indep5d5t ext]nal auditor4 4