,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #chjd  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,febru>y #i1 #bjbf,mr4 
,book] introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d title   
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to hold police
 acc\ntable 9 ! c\rts4  #a4 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,"u ,color (  
,law ,acc\ntability ,act4  #b4          
,prohibit+ excessive =ce1 !ft1 &        
ob/ruction by p]sons act+ "u color ( law
  7a7 ,am5dm5t ,"p ,i ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ 
aft] section #afbc ! foll[+3  #hj       
,p]sons act+ "u color ( law  ,sec4#afda4
 ,prohibit+ excessive =ce by p]sons act+
 "u color ( law4#afdb4 ,prohibit+ !ft ( 
money1 p]sonal prop]ty1 controll$       
sub/ances1 & contrab& by p]sons act+ "u 
color ( law4#afdc4 ,prohibit+ ob/ruction
 und]tak5 "u color ( law4#afdd4 ,/atute 
( limitations4#afde4 ,def9itions4       
#afda4 ,prohibit+ excessive =ce by      
p]sons act+ "u color ( law  7a7 ,use (  

excessive =ce  7#a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be   
unlawful = any p]son to1 act+ "u color (
 law1 cause bodily injury to ano!r by   
int5tionally us+ =ce aga9/ ano!r if !   
p]son-- 7,a7 kn[s t ! =ce is excessive2 
or  7,b7 consci\sly disreg>ds a         
sub/antial risk t ! =ce is excessive4   
7#b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates     
p>agraph 7#a7 %all-- 7,a7 be f9$ "u ?is 
title1 be imprison$ = n m ?an #aj ye>s1 
or bo?2 or  7,b7 9 ! case ( an (f5se t  
involves kidnapp+1 attempt$ kidnapp+1 or
 an attempt to kill or t results 9 dea?1
 be f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$ = n m   
?an #cj ye>s1 or bo?4  7#c7 ,conspiracy 
,any p]son :o conspires to commit a     
violation ( p>agraph 7#a7 %all be       
subject to ! same p5alties z ^?         
prescrib$ = ! (f5se1 z if su* (f5se 7   
complet$4  7#d7 ,solicitation ( a       
violation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,any p]son1    
act+ "u color ( law1 :o solicits1       
c\nsels1 comm&s1 directs1 or induces    
ano!r p]son to commit a violation (     
p>agraph 7#a71 ) ! int5t t ! violation  

be committ$1 %all be subject to ! same  
p5alties z ^? prescrib$ = ! (f5se1 z if 
su* (f5se 7 complet$ by ! p]son4  7,b7  
,completion ( solicit$ violation pro(   
requirem5t ,9 a prosecution = an (f5se  
"u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 
ne$ n prove t any p]son actually        
committ$ or attempt$ to commit !        
solicit$ violation ( p>agraph 7#a74  7b7
 ,use ( fire>m  7#a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be  
unlawful = any p]son1 act+ "u color (   
law1 to attempt to cause dea? or bodily 
injury ?r\gh ! dis*>ge ( a fire>m1 if ! 
p]son kn[s t su* an act w\ld con/itute  
excessive =ce if dea? or injury 7 to    
result4  7#b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o     
violates p>agraph 7#a7 %all be f9$ "u   
?is title1 imprison$ = n m ?an #aj ye>s1
 or bo?4  7c7 ,failure ,to int]v5e  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,any p]son :o1 act+ "u color (
 law1 & hav+ ! duty1 opportunity1 &     
ability to int]v5e1 delib]ately *ooses n
 to take reasonable /eps to /op or      
prev5t a use ( excessive =ce1 kn[+ t !  
=ce is excessive1 %all be subject to !  

same p5alties z ^? prescrib$ = ! (f5se1 
z if su* (f5se 7 complet$ by ! p]son4   
7#b7  ,limitation  ,p>agraph 7#a7 %all n
 apply to any p]son :o takes reasonable 
/eps to /op or prev5t ! use ( excessive 
=ce1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! /eps 7          
successful4  #afdb4 ,prohibit+ !ft (    
money1 p]sonal prop]ty1 controll$       
sub/ances1 & contrab& by p]sons act+ "u 
color ( law  7a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be      
unlawful = any p]son1 act+ "u color (   
law1 to-- 7#a7 kn[+ly conv]t to _!      
p]sonal use1 or to ! p]sonal use (      
ano!r1 any sum ( money1 p]sonal prop]ty 
valu$ at m ?an #be4jj1 or any controll$ 
sub/ance or contrab& obta9$-- 7,a7 f any
 p]son-- 7i7 9 _! cu/ody or control2    
7ii7 9 ! control or cu/ody ( ano!r p]son
 act+ "u color ( law2  7iii7 9 ! control
 or cu/ody ( a prison or o!r            
correctional or det5tion facility :e!r  
run by a gov]nm5t ag5cy or private      
entity2  7iv7 9 ! cu/ody or control ( a 
law en=cem5t ag5cy2 or  7v7 9 ! control 
or cu/ody ( an in/itution2 or  7,b7 f   

any home1 vehicle1 or o!r prop]ty       
se>*$-- 7i7 pursuant to w>rant or o!r   
legal process2 or  7ii7 :5 access to su*
 prop]ty is grant$ because an (fic] or  
gov]nm5t actor %[s a badge1 id5tifies   
himself or h]self z a law en=cem5t or   
gov]nm5t (ficial1 or !re is o!rwise a   
simil> display ( law en=cem5t or o!r    
gov]nm5tal au?ority1 includ+ :5 an (fic]
 misuses _! (ficial au?ority to obta9   
cons5t to se>* ! prop]ty or o!rwise ga9 
entry to ! prop]ty2 or  7#b7 kn[+ly take
 any sum ( money1 p]sonal prop]ty valu$ 
at m ?an #be4jj1 or any controll$       
sub/ance or contrab&1 ) ! int5t to      
conv]t ! money1 prop]ty1 contrab&1 or   
controll$ sub/ance to _! own p]sonal use
 or to ! p]sonal use ( ano!r1 kn[+ t !  
p]son has no legal "r to su* money1     
prop]ty1 contrab&1 or controll$         
sub/ance4  7b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o    
violates subsection 7a7 %all-- 7#a7 9 ! 
case ( an (f5se involv+ money or prop]ty
 ! value ( :i* is m ?an #a1jjj1 be f9$  
"u ?is title1 imprison$ = n m ?an #aj   

ye>s1 or bo?2  7#b7 9 ! case ( an (f5se 
involv+ money or prop]ty ! value ( :i*  
is m ?an #ejj1 be f9$ "u ?is title1     
imprison$ = n m ?an #e ye>s1 or bo?2 or 
7#c7 be f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$ = n 
m ?an #e ye>s1 or bo?4  7c7             
,applicability ,subsection 7a7 %all n   
apply to ! tak+ ( money1 prop]ty1       
controll$ sub/ances1 or contrab& =      
legitimate law en=cem5t or gov]nm5tal   
purposes1 su* z = use z evid5ce 9 a     
trial or = confiscation z proce$s (     
illegal activity4  7d7 ,cu/ody or       
control ,= purposes ( ?is section1 an   
individual %all be consid]$ to be 9 !   
cu/ody or control ( a law en=cem5t (fic]
 or o!r p]son act+ "u color ( law if t  
individual is ! subject ( a seizure1 z t
 t]m is us$ 9 ! ,f\r? ,am5dm5t to !     
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ev5 if t
 seizure is only tempor>y4  #afdc4      
,prohibit+ ob/ruction und]tak5 "u color 
( law  7a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be unlawful = 
any p]son1 act+ "u color ( law1 to      
kn[+ly1 & ) ! int5t to cov] up or       

conceal a possible violation ( any      
color-(-law (f5se 9 ?is *apt] or *apt]  
#ac1 includ+ "u section #bdb1 #afda1    
#afdb1 or #afdc1 or act+ ) ! int5t to   
cov] up or conceal an act or omission t 
con/itutes or c\ld con/itute a violation
 ( any "r secur$ or protect$ by !       
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,f$]al
 law1 or act+ ) int5t to prev5t !       
record+ or pres]vation ( evid5ce ( a    
violation ( a color-(-law (f5se or      
violation ( a con/itutional or ,f$]al   
"r-- 7#a7 de/roy1 mutilate1 corrupt1    
alt]1 conceal1 falsify1 or o!rwise r5d] 
unavailable any record+ device1 includ+ 
a cam]a1 video record+ device1 audio    
record+ device1 tablet1 comput]1 cellul>
 telephone1 or cellul> telephone        
application1 :e!r own$ by a private     
p]son1 or own$ or op]at$ by a law       
en=cem5t organization1 or to take su*   
action ) respect to a picture1 image1   
data1 or video or audio record+s made   
by1 or captur$ ^u1 su* a device2  7#b7  
use physical =ce or ! ?reat ( physical  

=ce to int]f]e ) a p]son :o1 )\t int]f]+
 9 law en=cem5t activity or break+ any  
law1 records law en=cem5t activity--    
7,a7 9 a public sett+2 or  7,b7 9 a     
home1 vehicle1 bus9ess1 or simil>       
premises :5 ! record+ is made by ! own] 
or legal occupant ( su* premises or ) ! 
express or impli$ p]mission ( an own] or
 legal occupant pres5t on ! premises2   
7#c7 use arre/1 ! ?reat ( arre/1 or o!r 
abuse ( ! law or legal process to       
int]f]e ) a p]son :o1 )\t int]f]+ 9 law 
en=cem5t activity or break+ any law1    
records law en=cem5t activity-- 7,a7 9 a
 public sett+2 or  7,b7 9 a home1       
vehicle1 bus9ess1 or simil> premises :5 
! record+ is made by ! own] or legal    
occupant ( su* premises or ) ! express  
or impli$ p]mission ( an own] or legal  
occupant pres5t on ! premises2  7#d7 use
 physical =ce1 ! ?reat ( physical =ce1  
intimidation1 h>assm5t1 mislead+        
conduct1 or corrupt p]suasion to cause  
ano!r to de/roy1 mutilate1 corrupt1     
alt]1 conceal1 falsify1 or o!rwise r5d] 

unavailable any record+ ( law en=cem5t  
activity2  7#e7 use physical =ce1 !     
?reat ( physical =ce1 intimidation1     
h>assm5t1 mislead+ conduct1 or corrupt  
p]suasion to prev5t or p]suade ano!r to 
provide false in=mation ab\t ! exi/5ce  
or cont5t ( su* a record+ dur+ or 9     
relation to an (ficial inve/igation or  
inquiry into a matt] or 9 anticipation t
 su* an (ficial inve/igation w be       
initiat$ or cont9u$2 or  7#f7 de/roy1   
mutilate1 corrupt1 alt]1 conceal1       
falsify1 or o!rwise r5d] unavailable any
 tangible object t may s]ve z evid5ce ( 
a violation ( a color-(-law (f5se or    
violation ( a con/itutional or ,f$]al   
"r4  7b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates 
subsection 7a7 %all-- 7#a7 be f9$ "u ?is
 title1 imprison$ = n m ?an #bj ye>s1 or
 bo?2 or  7#b7 if dea? results1 be f9$  
"u ?is title1 imprison$ = n m ?an #cj   
ye>s1 or bo?4  7c7 ,rule ( con/ruction  
,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to--
 7#a7 prohibit a law en=cem5t (fic] f   
=bidd+1 disc\rag+1 or prev5t+ record+ ( 

s5sitive law en=cem5t activities1 su*   
z-- 7,a7 int]nal brief+s2  7,b7 und]cov]
 activities2  7,c7 classifi$ or s5sitive
 subject matt]s2  7,d7 int]views )      
victims1 witnesses1 in=mants1 & coop]at+
 def5dants2 or  7,e7 int]nal p]sonnel   
discussions2  7#b7 prohibit a law       
en=cem5t (fic] f preclud+ a ?ird p>ty f 
ent]+ a private home or o!r premises    
dur+ a se>* or arre/ or o!r inve/igatory
 activity2 or  7#c7 prohibit a law      
en=cem5t (fic] f en=c+ reasonable       
regulations on record+ conduct 9 public 
sett+s1 if su* regulations are impos$ & 
en=c$ = ! safety ( any p]son & 9        
accordance ) ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to !      
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7d7    
,int5t pro( requirem5t ,9 a prosecution 
= an (f5se "u subsection 7a71 !         
,gov]nm5t ne$ n prove-- 7#a7 t ! p]son 0
 aw>e t ! matt] ! p]son int5d$ to       
ob/ruct involv$ a violation ( any       
p>ticul> ,f$]al law or con/itutional "r2
 or  7#b7 t ! p]son _h k t any p5d+ or  
anticipat$ (ficial inve/igation is      

,f$]al 9 nature4  7e7 ,(ficial          
inve/igation ,= purposes ( ?is section1 
an (ficial inve/igation %all include a  
,f$]al crim9al inve/igation1 a ,f$]al   
civil inve/igation1 su* z a patt]n or   
practice inve/igation & a ,/ate crim9al 
or adm9i/rative inve/igation4  #afdd4   
,/atute ( limitations  7a7              
,dea?-,result+ (f5ses ,an indictm5t or  
in=mation alleg+ t an (f5se "u section  
#afda1 #afdb1 or #afdb result$ 9 dea?   
may be f\nd or in/itut$ at any "t )\t   
limitation4  7b7 ,o!r (f5ses ,except z  
provid$ 9 subsection 7a71 no p]son %all 
be prosecut$1 tri$1 or puni%$ = any     
(f5se "u section #afda1 #afdb1 or #afdc 
unless ! indictm5t = su* (f5se is f\nd1 
or ! in=mation = su* (f5se is in/itut$1 
n lat] ?an #g ye>s aft] ! date on :i* ! 
(f5se 0 complet$4  #afde4 ,def9itions ,9
 ?is *apt]3 7#a7 ,bodily injury ,! t]m  
bodily injury-- 7,a7 has ! mean+ giv5 ! 
t]m 9 section #acfe7;h72 &  7,b7 does n 
include solely emotional or psy*ological
 h>m4  7#b7 ,controll$ sub/ance ,! t]m  

controll$ sub/ance has ! mean+ giv5 !   
t]m 9 section #ajb ( ! ,controll$       
,sub/ances ,act 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #hjb74   
7#c7 ,excessive =ce  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
t]m excessive =ce-- 7i7 means-- 7,i7 9 !
 case ( =ce us$ aga9/ a p]son inc>c]at$ 
bas$ ^u a crim9al conviction1 =ce t is  
bo? unnecess>y & wanton2 &  7,,ii7 9 any
 o!r case1 =ce t is objectively         
unreasonable =ce2 &  7ii7 includes      
deadly =ce if ! use ( deadly =ce 0      
objectively unreasonable "u all ! facts 
& circum/ances4  7,b7 ,wanton use ( =ce 
,= purposes ( subp>agraph 7,a77i77,i71  
wanton use ( =ce %all include-- 7i7     
non-de-m9imis =ce int5tionally inflict$ 
9 ! abs5ce ( a legitimate p5ological    
purpose2 &  7ii7 =ce us$ ) ! int5t to   
inflict h>m1 injury1 pa91 or suff]+     
beyond t :i* w\ld result f a good fai?  
ef=t to ma9ta9 discipl9e1 re/ore ord]1  
or to a*ieve any o!r legitimate         
p5ological purpose4  7,c7 ,objectively  
unreasonable =ce ,= purposes (          
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! t]m objectively     

unreasonable =ce means =ce t1 ^u        
consid]ation ( all ! facts &            
circum/ances f ! po9t ( view ( a        
reasonable (fic] or gov]nm5t actor on ! 
sc5e1 exce$s ! am\nt ( =ce necess>y to  
accompli% a legitimate law en=cem5t or  
gov]nm5tal objective4  7,d7 ,deadly =ce 
,= purpose ( subp>agraph 7,a77i77,,ii71 
! use ( deadly =ce %all be consid]$     
reasonable if1 f ! po9t ( view ( a      
reasonable (fic] or gov]nm5t actor on ! 
sc5e1 su* =ce is-- 7i7 reasonably       
necess>y to prev5t an imm95t ?reat (    
dea? or s]i\s bodily injury to ! p]son  
us+ ! =ce or to any o!r p]son2 or  7ii7 
reasonably necess>y to prev5t ! escape (
 a suspect or p]son 9 cu/ody if a       
reasonable (fic] or gov]nm5t actor on ! 
sc5e w\ld h probable cause to believe t 
! escapee w\ld1 if n imm$iately         
appreh5d$1 pose a s]i\s ?reat ( physical
 h>m to ! (fic] or to o!rs & :5 escape  
_c reasonably be prev5t$ by ! use ( less
 le?al =ce or o!r means4  7#d7 ,"u !    
color ( law ,! t]m "u ! color ( law     

includes actions tak5 "u ! color ( any  
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 ,tribal1 t]ritorial1     
commonweal?1 possession1 or di/rict law1
 :i* includes any /atute1 ord9ance1     
regulation1 or cu/om !re(4  4  7b7      
,table ( *apt]s ,! table ( *apt]s = "p  
,i ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is 
am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to   
*apt] #gi ! foll[+3  #hj,p]sons act+ "u 
color ( law#afda  4