,,ii #aaith ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #ceig ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,january #h 7legislative day1 ,january #g71 #bjbf,mr4 ,young 7for himself1 ,ms4 ,cantwell1 ,mr4 ,daines1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 ,mrs4 ,blackburn1 ,mr4 ,lujn1 ,mr4 ,budd1 ,ms4 ,baldwin1 ,mr4 ,rounds1 and ,mr4 ,schumer7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to reauthorize the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,definitions4,sec4 #c4 ,purposes4,sec4 #d4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,program4,sec4 #e4 ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office4,sec4 #f4 ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science4,sec4 #g4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,advisory ,committee4,sec4 #h4 ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,information ,science4,sec4 #i4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy4,sec4 #aj4 ,prize challenges4,sec4 #aa4 ,sunset of ,national ,quantum ,initiative4,sec4 #ab4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology activities and quantum consortium4,sec4 #ac4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,quantum ,centers4,sec4 #ad4 ,national ,science ,foundation quantum information science research and education activities4,sec4 #ae4 ,multidisciplinary centers for quantum research and education4,sec4 #af4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub1 quantum testbeds1 and research security4,sec4 #ag4 ,national ,science ,foundation cryptography research4,sec4 #ah4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities4,sec4 #ai4 ,comptroller ,general review and report4,sec4 #bj4 ,review of regulatory barriers to quantum information science and technology development4,sec4 #ba4 ,sunset of ,national ,nanotechnology ,program4,sec4 #bb4 ,clerical amendments4 #b4 ,definitions ,section #b of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 the first paragraph 7#h7 7relating to the definition of the ,subcommittee on ,economic and ,security ,implications71 and the second paragraph 7#h7 7relating to the definition of the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science7 as paragraphs 7#g71 7#i71 7#ab71 7#ac71 7#ag71 and 7#ah71 respectively2 7#b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#c7 the following3 7#d7 ,federal laboratory ,the term ,federal laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #d of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74 7#e7 ,foreign country of concern ,the term foreign country of concern means-- 7,a7 a country that is a covered nation 7as such term is defined in section #dhgb7;d7 of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code72 and 7,b7 any country that the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 7#f7 ,foreign entity of concern ,the term foreign entity of concern means a foreign entity that is-- 7,a7 designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the ,secretary of ,state under section #bai7;a7 of the ,immigration and ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aahi7;a772 7,b7 included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the ,office of ,foreign ,assets ,control of the ,department of the ,treasury 7commonly known as the ,,sdn list72 7,c7 owned by1 controlled by1 or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a covered nation 7as such term is defined in section #dhgb of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code72 7,d7 alleged by the ,attorney ,general to have been involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained under-- 7i7 chapter #cg of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,espionage ,act72 7ii7 section #iea or #ajcj of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code2 7iii7 chapter #ij of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,economic ,espionage ,act of #aiif72 7iv7 the ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et seq472 7v7 section #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg1 or #bcf of the ,atomic ,energy ,act of #aied 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bbgd1 #bbge1 #bbgf1 #bbgg1 and #bbhd72 7vi7 the ,export ,control ,reform ,act of #bjah 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhja et seq472 or 7vii7 the ,international ,emergency ,economic ,powers ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq472 or 7,e7 determined by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 by striking 7a7 each place it appears2 7#d7 by inserting after paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 the following new paragraph3 7#h7 ,national ,laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 2 7#e7 by inserting after paragraph 7#i71 as so redesignated1 the following3 7#aj7 ,quantum applications ,the term quantum applications means uses of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including quantum algorithms and software1 quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids1 quantum sensing1 quantum networking1 quantum encryption1 quantum simulation1 or quantum communications applications4 7#aa7 ,quantum computing ,the term quantum computing means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies1 including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a variety of architectures1 such as superconductors1 ion traps1 photonics1 neutral atoms1 atomic spin1 electron spin1 or topological qubits4 2 7#f7 by amending paragraph 7#ab71 as so redesignated1 to read as follows3 7#ab7 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology ,the term quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology means the understanding1 translation1 use1 or application of the laws of quantum physics for the storage1 transmission1 manipulation1 computing1 simulation1 or measurement of information4 2 and 7#g7 by inserting after paragraph 7#ac71 as so redesignated1 the following3 7#ad7 ,quantum networking ,the term quantum networking means the transmission of quantum information and the distribution and use of entanglement across nodes to enable new information technology applications and fundamental science4 7#ae7 ,quantum sensing ,the term quantum sensing-- 7,a7 means the use of quantum mechanics to enhance or enable new sensors2 and 7,b7 can include uses of superposition and entanglement1 nonclassical states1 and advances in accuracy and precision enabled by quantum control4 7#af7 ,,stem ,the term ,,stem means the academic and professional disciplines of science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics1 including computer science4 7#ag7 ,supply chain shock ,the term supply chain shock-- 7,a7 means an event causing severe or serious disruption to normal operations or capacity in a supply chain2 and 7,b7 includes-- 7i7 a natural disaster2 7ii7 a pandemic2 7iii7 a biological threat2 7iv7 a cyber attack2 7v7 a geopolitical conflict2 7vi7 a terrorist or geopolitical attack2 7vii7 a trade disruption caused by-- 7,i7 a foreign country of concern2 or 7,,ii7 an entity or an individual subject to the jurisdiction of such a country2 and 7viii7 an event for which the ,president declares a major disaster or an emergency under section #dja or #eja1 respectively1 of the ,robert ,t4 ,stafford ,disaster ,relief and ,emergency ,assistance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eagj2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaia74 4 #c4 ,purposes ,section #c of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhjb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 to expand the number of researchers1 educators1 and students with training in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain international talent to the extent consistent with national security and international competitiveness2 2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking science at the and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology at the primary1 secondary12 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,d7-- 7i7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,f7 to facilitate development of quantum applications1 including quantum-hybrid applications1 to promote innovation2 and 7,g7 to support advancements in emerging technologies that could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum technology and promote research1 development1 demonstration1 and application of such emerging technologies in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology and scientific discovery4 2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#d7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7,a7 by inserting ,national ,laboratories1 after ,federal laboratories12 and 7,b7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7#e7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by inserting partnerships1 research collaborations1 and after international2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology security and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,c7 to facilitate cooperation in the advancement of quantum capabilities among the ,united ,states and its strategic allies and partners to strengthen and secure the quantum-relevant supply chain and related ecosystem2 and 7,d7 to coordinate on potential export or strategic trade controls where appropriate2 and 2 and 7#f7 by adding at the end the following3 7#f7 improving the maturity and scale of the quantum industry4 4 #d4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,program ,subsection 7b7 of section #aja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhaa7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by striking development and inserting research development1 and near-1 medium-1 and long-term demonstration2 and 7,b7 by striking information science and technology2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,b7 by inserting infrastructure1 after demonstration12 7#c7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7,a7 by inserting and retain after to develop2 and 7,b7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#d7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 provide for interagency planning and coordination of ,federal quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 development1 demonstration1 standards engagement1 and other activities under the ,program1 including activities authorized pursuant to section #bcd of the ,john ,s4 ,mc,cain ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjai 7,public ,law #aae-bcb2 #aj ,u4,s4,c4 #djja note71 quantum educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to section #ajffa of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa71 and activities conducted at any ,federal laboratory or ,national ,laboratory2 2 and 7#e7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7,a7 by striking industry and universities and inserting industry1 universities1 small businesses1 and strategic allies and partners2 and 7,b7 by inserting 1 including human resources after resources4 #e4 ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office ,section #ajb of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhab7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting who shall be before appointed2 and 7,b7 by amending subparagraph 7,b7 to read as follows3 7,b7 staff comprised of employees detailed from the ,federal departments and agencies specified in section #ajc7;b74 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology research1 development1 workforce1 and international2 7,b7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures or consortia established under this ,act1 including under section #bja7;a71 the ,multidisciplinary ,centers for ,quantum ,research and ,education established under section #cjb7;a71 and the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers established under section #djb7;a71 and the ,quantum ,economic ,development ,consortium2 2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#f71 by striking 2 and and inserting a semicolon2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#g7-- 7i7 by inserting nonprofit research organizations1 after universities12 and 7ii7 by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,e7 by adding after paragraph 7#g71 the following3 7#h7 promote understanding and adoption of viable quantum capabilities that strengthen the ,united ,states economy1 as may be appropriate2 7#i7 track1 monitor1 and promote policies that will ensure the stability of the ,united ,states quantum workforce1 quantum supply chain1 domestic quantum industry1 and international trade2 and 7#aj7 ensure coordination and avoid unnecessary duplication of existing quantum-related activities1 other activities carried out under this ,act1 and other related programs1 as appropriate4 4 #f4 ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science ,section #ajc of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhac7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#h71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraph 7#i7 as paragraph 7#ab72 and 7,c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#h7 the following new paragraphs3 7#i7 the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services2 7#aj7 the ,department of ,state2 7#aa7 the ,department of ,homeland ,security2 and 2 7#b7 in subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking the quantum information science and technology research and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and quantum application development1 and demonstration2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 and 7ii7 by inserting skillset before diversity2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 and 7ii7 by inserting and conduct comparative benchmarking of ,federal investments and research strategies relative to those of strategic allies and partners of the ,united ,states and other countries1 after development efforts2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#f7-- 7i7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#g7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 engineering and technology after science2 and 7ii7 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,f7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#h7 facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to advance quantum applications related to advanced manufacturing1 biotechnology1 chemistry1 space1 and other sectors4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7g77#b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7,a71 by inserting numbers after budget2 7,b7 in paragraph 7,b71 by inserting numbers after budget2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7,d7 ,metrics for measuring the impact of the ,program for the current fiscal year1 for each ,federal department and agency described in subsection 7b74 7,e7 ,value proposition as a result of each interagency partnership opportunity4 2 7#d7 in subsection 7h77#b77;,a71 by inserting 1 including a description of agency roles and responsibilities before the period2 and 7#e7 by adding at the end the following new subsection3 7i7 ,quantum use cases 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,subcommittee shall identify potential use cases for quantum technologies that could advance the missions of ,federal departments and agencies participating in the ,program4 7#b7 ,quantum on-ramp ,for each potential use case identified pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 for a ,federal department or agency1 the head of the ,federal department or agency may1 in consultation with the ,subcommittee1 develop a plan to enable such department or agency to address the potential use case4 7#c7 ,comparison to artificial intelligence technologies ,for any potential use case identified under paragraph 7#a7 for a ,federal department or agency1 the head of the department or agency may1 in consultation with the ,subcommittee1 consider the quantum use case's interplay with artificial intelligence and compare its anticipated costs1 functionality1 and benefits4 7#d7 ,reporting ,the ,subcommittee1 as part of the annual report on the budget for the ,program under subsection 7g71 shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this subsection1 including information relating to the following3 7,a7 ,the potential use cases identified pursuant to paragraph 7#a74 7,b7 ,the status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph 7#b74 7,c7 ,any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases1 including lack of funding4 4 #g4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,advisory ,committee ,section #ajd of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhad7 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7b7 to read as follows3 7b7 ,qualifications ,the ,advisory ,committee shall consist of members1 appointed by the ,president1 who-- 7#a7 are-- 7,a7 representative of industry2 7,b7 small- and medium-sized businesses2 and 7,c7 universities and ,federal laboratories that are qualified to provide advice and information on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 development1 demonstrations1 standards1 ,,stem education and workforce1 technology transfer1 economic and national security1 or research security4 7#b7 may hold doctoral degrees in physical sciences1 mathematics1 computer science1 or engineering1 or related fields4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7d77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,d71 7,e71 7,f71 and 7,g7 as subparagraphs 7,f71 7,g71 7,h71 and 7,i71 respectively2 7,c7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following new subparagraphs3 7,d7 other countries' quantum programs and the progress of such countries and their programs1 based on publicly available data1 including metrics such as published government funding commitments1 research publications1 patent filings1 academic and industry partnerships1 and announced strategic initiatives and milestones1 in comparison to the progress of the ,program2 7,e7 the competitiveness and capabilities of the ,united ,states in quantum technologies1 with respect to quantum computing1 sensing1 and networking2 2 7,d7 in subparagraph 7,f71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by striking to and inserting promote innovation1 foster a robust ,united ,states quantum industry1 and2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,e7 in subparagraph 7,g71 as so redesignated1 by inserting 1 including to address any gaps that may exist in basic research1 capabilities1 workforce1 supply chain1 or coordination among participating ,federal agencies before the semicolon2 7,f7 in subparagraph 7,h71 as so redesignated1 by striking open standards for1 quantum information science and technology2 and and inserting international standards in open and transparent standardization systems for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology22 7,g7 in subparagraph 7,i71 as so redesignated1 by striking societal2 and 7,h7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,j7 the domestic and international cooperation needs and goals of the ,program1 including those related to infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,k7 the degree to which quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology-- 7i7 is enhancing or can enhance-- 7,i7 the capabilities of the ,united ,states advanced industrial economy2 and 7,,ii7 ,federal1 ,state1 and local government capabilities and services2 and 7ii7 can protect or optimize critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e7774 2 7#c7 in subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 by inserting through ,december #ca1 #bjcj after thereafter2 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following new sentence3 ,in the first such report required after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,advisory ,committee shall assess the benefits and opportunities to strengthen quantum communications corridors in which ,federal laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and other entities conducting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research are connected via quantum communication networks capable of securely transmitting information42 7#d7 by redesignating subsections 7e7 through 7g7 as subsections 7f7 through 7h71 respectively2 and 7#e7 by inserting after subsection 7d7 the following3 7e7 ,performance and usefulness assessment of ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,program 7#a7 ,annual evaluation required ,not less frequently than once each year1 the ,advisory ,committee shall1 in coordination with the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science1 conduct an evaluation of the effectiveness1 progress1 and usefulness of activities carried out under the ,program4 7#b7 ,elements ,each evaluation under paragraph 7#a7 shall assess-- 7,a7 which ,federal programs or activities within the ,program have made measurable progress toward program goals2 7,b7 which ,federal programs within the ,program have produced tangible scientific1 workforce1 or commercial outcomes2 7,c7 which programs or activities within the ,program have overlapping missions or duplicative structures2 7,d7 resource utilization and return on investment of each major component of the ,program2 and 7,e7 barriers to performance or implementation of the ,program1 including structural or administrative challenges4 7#c7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than ,march #a of each year1 the ,advisory ,committee shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report summarizing the findings of the ,advisory ,committee with respect to the evaluation most recently conducted under paragraph 7#a71 including specific recommendations for-- 7,a7 improvements to the ,program2 7,b7 consolidation or termination of programs or activities within the ,program2 and 7,c7 realignment of funding to high-impact areas within the ,program4 7#d7 ,public summary ,the ,advisory ,committee shall make a public-facing summary of each report submitted under paragraph 7#c7 available on the website of the ,advisory ,committee to promote transparency and accountability4 4 #h4 ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,information ,science ,section #aje of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhad;a7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#aj71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraph 7#aa7 as paragraph 7#ae72 and 7,c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#aj7 the following new paragraphs3 7#aa7 the ,department of ,state2 7#ab7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 and 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking information science and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by inserting or to supply chains before the semicolon2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#c71 by inserting or supply chains before the semicolon2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7i7 by inserting and engineering after quantum information science2 and 7ii7 by inserting any before export controls2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#f71 by striking information science and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,f7 in paragraph 7#g71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,g7 in paragraph 7#h7-- 7i7 by striking information science and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,h7 by adding at the end the following3 7#i7 in coordination with the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science1 identify opportunities to increase coordination between civilian1 military1 and intelligence quantum research entities1 reduce unnecessary duplicative quantum research activities1 and facilitate collaboration between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7#aj7 recommend strategies for attracting and retaining students and scholars with expertise in quantum related fields to ,federal departments and agencies4 4 #i4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy ,the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja et seq47 is amended by inserting after section #aje the following new section3 #aje;,a4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy 7a7 ,strategy required ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 and the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 develop and submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation1 the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources1 and the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations of the ,senate1 and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of the ,house of ,representatives a strategy-- 7#a7 to establish collaborative international partnerships to advance research and development1 testing and evaluation1 and interoperability in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology with allies and partners of the ,united ,states1 and other countries1 when in the security1 strategic1 technological1 and scientific interests of the ,united ,states2 7#b7 to establish collaborative international partnerships1 including co-funded international programs1 to advance research and development1 testing and evaluation1 and interoperability in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology with allies and partners of the ,united ,states1 and other countries1 when in the security1 strategic1 technological1 and scientific interests of the ,united ,states2 7#c7 to ensure continued ,united ,states participation in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology on the international stage2 7#d7 to promote the integrity and impartiality of international standards organizations and processes related to quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7#e7 to ensure ethical application of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to protect civil liberties and basic human rights4 7b7 ,designation ,the strategy under this subsection shall be known as the ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy 7in this section referred to as the ,strategy74 7c7 ,elements ,in the development of the ,strategy1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 the ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office1 the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science1 the ,subcommittee on ,economic and ,security ,implications1 and the relevant agencies shall consider including the following3 7#a7 ,the establishment of international partnerships to advance research and development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,key strategic allies and partners of the ,united ,states that have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#c7 ,efforts and plans to address risks to the national security and economic interests of the ,united ,states during development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide1 including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and partners1 and other countries4 7#d7 ,efforts and plans to promote global development and deployment of quantum technologies1 including through international engagement and leadership in the development of international standards that are aligned with ,united ,states national interests4 7#e7 ,efforts and plans to develop1 attract1 and retain international talent4 7#f7 ,the ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and suppliers and those of allies and partners of the ,united ,states to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain1 including raw materials such as ,helium-#c1 plans for engagement with allies and partners1 manufacturers1 and suppliers1 and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum supply chain4 7#g7 ,a plan to safeguard research and technology supported through international cooperation1 as appropriate1 in whole or in part1 including in quantum technologies critical to national security1 from malign influence1 theft1 or exfiltration by foreign entities of concern4 7#h7 ,as necessary1 a description of such legislative or administrative action needed to carry out the ,strategy4 7d7 ,briefing ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the ,strategy is completed1 the ,director shall brief the committees specified in subsection 7a7 on the ,strategy4 4 #aj4 ,prize challenges ,the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja et seq47 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating section #ajf as section #ajg2 and 7#b7 by inserting after section #aje;,a1 as added by section #i1 the following3 #ajf4 ,national quantum prize challenges 7a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 any head of a ,federal agency with a representative serving on the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science established under section #ajc1 may1 individually or in cooperation with one or more heads of ,federal agencies-- 7#a7 conduct a prize competition under section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai71 or such other prize competition authority as may be available to the head of an agency1 to dramatically accelerate the development of applications and algorithms in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7#b7 define a measurable set of performance goals for participants in the prize competitions to demonstrate their solutions on a level playing field while making a significant advancement over the current state of the art4 7b7 ,purpose ,any prize competition carried out under subsection 7a7 shall be for the purpose of stimulating innovation to advance the ability of the ,united ,states to achieve high-priority breakthroughs for applications in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 such as in quantum computing1 quantum sensing1 quantum communications1 quantum networking1 quantum algorithms1 and quantum cryptography4 7c7 ,coordination with subcommittees ,each prize competition conducted under subsection 7a7 may be conducted in coordination with members of the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science and the ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,information ,science4 7d7 ,recommendations ,to assist in the administration of this section1 the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science may provide recommendations on key challenges in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology that would be well-suited for a prize competition under subsection 7a74 ,the recommendations shall include a scope for efforts carried out under such subsection4 4 #aa4 ,sunset of ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,subsection 7a7 of section #ajg of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhae71 as redesignated by section #aj1 is amended to read as follows3 7a7 ,in general ,except as provided in subsection 7b71 the authority to carry out sections #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 and #aje shall terminate on ,december #cj1 #bjcd4 4 #ab4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology activities and quantum consortium ,section #bja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhca7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by inserting attract1 educate1 and before train2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,c7 by amending paragraph 7#c7 to read as follows3 7#c7 shall carry out research to facilitate the development and standardization1 as appropriate1 of quantum cryptography1 post-quantum cryptography 7as such term is defined in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note2 ,public ,law #aag-bfj771 and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to current applications and systems2 2 7,d7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 shall carry out research1 development1 and demonstration projects1 as appropriate1 to facilitate the development of quantum applications1 including research on quantum supply chain enabling technologies1 such as lasers1 cryogenics1 and other supporting technologies2 2 7,e7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#e71 7#f71 and 7#g7 as paragraphs 7#h71 7#i71 and 7#aa71 respectively2 7,f7 by inserting the following after paragraph 7#d7 the following3 7#e7 shall carry out1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,defense ,advanced ,research ,projects ,agency1 research to support the measurement of comparative performance and progress of quantum technologies2 7#f7 shall promote ,united ,states participation in international standards organizations related to quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#g7 shall establish or expand partnerships with the public sector and private sector-- 7,a7 to accelerate the development of domestic quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies2 7,b7 to reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities2 and 7,c7 to avoid offshoring to1 or dependence on1 countries of concern for critical components of capabilities in the quantum supply chain2 2 7,g7 in paragraph 7#h71 as so redesignated1 by striking infrastructure and inserting 1 communications1 sensing1 and computing2 7,h7 in paragraph 7#i71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by inserting nonprofit research organizations1 after universities12 and 7ii7 by striking and engineering2 and and inserting 1 engineering1 and technology and expanding the domestic ,,stem workforce22 and 7,i7 by inserting after paragraph 7#i71 as so redesignated1 the following3 7#aj7 shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary to carry out title ,,ii2 and 2 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking future and inserting research2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 to gather and assess information on the quantum industry to address the needs identified in paragraph 7#a72 2 and 7ii7 by striking subparagraphs 7,b7 and 7,c7 and inserting the following new subparagraphs3 7,b7 to provide recommendations regarding how the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,program1 and other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 can address the gaps in the research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph 7#a7 and accelerate real-world uses of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,c7 to identify enabling technologies and the relevant supply chain essential to foster research and industrial competitiveness in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and communicate findings to ,federal agencies and other domestic and international stakeholders2 and 7,d7 to assess and identify key areas for establishing1 expanding1 or developing international partnerships that will meet the needs identified in paragraph 7#a74 2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7i7 by striking ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the and inserting ,the2 and 7ii7 by inserting periodically1 but not less frequently than once every five years1 after shall2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#d7 ,sense of ,congress on coordination ,it is the sense of ,congress that1 as may be appropriate1 ,federal agencies that are involved in the transition or translation of research results to practical quantum applications or that have a mission that could benefit from the development of quantum technologies1 should engage with the consortium to inform and accelerate progress in such areas4 2 and 7#c7 by striking subsection 7c7 and inserting the following new subsections3 7c7 ,quantum supply chains 7#a7 ,mapping and planning ,the ,secretary of ,commerce shall carry out the following activities3 7,a7 ,assess1 map1 and model supply chains for quantum networking1 quantum computing1 quantum communications1 quantum simulation1 and quantum sensing technologies and applications4 7,b7 ,identify current and future high-priority gaps and vulnerabilities in quantum supply chains1 such as-- 7i7 single points of failure1 sole source1 consolidated manufacturing1 or where there are limited ,united ,states and partner national suppliers2 and 7ii7 critical components1 elements1 materials1 equipment1 and infrastructure4 7,c7 ,identify potential supply chain shocks to the quantum supply chain that may disrupt1 strain1 or eliminate the supply chain4 7#b7 ,study on critical quantum supply chains ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy shall jointly-- 7,a7 complete a study documenting the critical quantum supply chains and identified high-priority gaps and vulnerabilities2 and 7,b7 submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report on the findings with respect to the study completed pursuant to subparagraph 7,a74 7#c7 ,recommendations for avoiding shocks to quantum supply chains ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,secretary of ,commerce shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,administrator of the ,small ,business ,administration1 and the heads of such other ,federal agencies as the ,secretary of ,commerce considers relevant1 develop and submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress specific recommendations for legislative or administrative action to mitigate harm to quantum supply chains4 7#d7 ,plan to strengthen and secure quantum supply chains ,not later than #c years after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,secretary of ,commerce shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a plan identifying legislative or administrative opportunities to strengthen supply chains and build capacity4 7d7 ,international quantum research and metrology 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 promote1 establish1 and support international quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 metrology research1 and standardization1 as appropriate1 to enhance international cooperation1 meet ,united ,states commitments1 and support ,united ,states engagement in international voluntary standards for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,alignment ,in carrying out this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall ensure alignment with the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,strategy and the ,u4,s4 ,government ,national ,standards ,strategy for ,critical and ,emerging ,technology1 or successor strategies4 7#c7 ,prohibitions 7,a7 ,confucius institute ,none of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a ,confucius ,institute 7as defined in section #ajcci;,a of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aijci77 or any successor of a ,confucius ,institute4 7,b7 ,foreign countries or entities of concern ,none of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to promote1 establish1 or finance quantum research activities between a ,united ,states entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern1 including the entity's subsidiaries1 except such restriction shall not apply to participation by award recipients in consensus-based international standardization activities4 7e7 ,post-,quantum cryptography deployment 7#a7 ,definition of post-quantum cryptography ,in this subsection1 the term post-quantum cryptography has the meaning given such term in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7,public ,law #aag-bfj2 #f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note74 7#b7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 the heads of ,sector ,risk ,management ,agencies 7as such term is defined in section #bbjj of the ,homeland ,security ,act of #bjjb 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #fej771 and private sector entities1 as the ,director considers appropriate1 promote the voluntary development1 adoption1 and deployment of voluntary standards relating to post-quantum cryptography1 including by-- 7,a7 disseminating and making publicly available guidelines and resources to help organizations adopt and deploy standards relating to post-quantum cryptography and minimize disruptions to current applications and systems caused by cryptographic updates2 7,b7 providing technical assistance1 as practicable1 to entities that are at high risk of quantum cryptoanalytic attacks1 such as entities determined to be critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e777 or digital infrastructure providers2 and 7,c7 conducting such other activities as determined necessary by the ,director to promote the development1 adoption1 and deployment across the ,united ,states of standards relating to post-quantum cryptography4 7#c7 ,grant program 7,a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations and after the date on which the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology has issued voluntary standards relating to post-quantum cryptography1 the ,director may establish a program to identify and provide technical assistance through the award of grants to entities that are at high risk of quantum cryptoanalytic attacks1 including by granting funds for the adoption of such standards and the remediation of quantum-related vulnerabilities4 7,b7 ,use of funds ,grants awarded to entities under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable costs1 up to a specified amount established by the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 for activities to adopt standards relating to post-quantum cryptography and remediate quantum-related vulnerabilities4 7,c7 ,guidance ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology may develop1 and periodically update1 guidance1 including relating to eligibility1 application disclosure requirements1 grant amount and duration1 and any additional requirements regarding the award of grants under this paragraph4 7,d7 ,consultation ,if the program described in this paragraph is established1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall consult with the ,director of the ,cybersecurity and ,infrastructure ,security ,agency of the ,department of ,homeland ,security1 the heads of other ,sector ,risk ,management ,agencies1 and appropriate representatives of private sector entities1 including nonprofit organizations1 to share information regarding the grant program under this paragraph and guidance developed and updated under subparagraph 7,c74 7f7 ,funding 7#a7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology to carry out this section #he1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbf through #bjcj4 7#b7 ,derivation of funds ,amounts made available pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 for each of fiscal years #bjbf and #bjbg shall be derived from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology pursuant to section #ajbaa of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg7 for scientific and technical research and services laboratory activities4 4 #ac4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,quantum ,centers ,title ,,ii of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended by adding at the end the following new sections3 #bjb4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology quantum centers 7a7 ,establishment 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall1 in consultation with such heads of other ,federal departments and agencies as the ,director considers appropriate1 carry out a program to establish and operate at least #a1 but not more than #c1 centers to accelerate research1 development1 deployment1 and standardization of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,program details 7,a7 ,competitive1 merit-reviewed process ,the centers established and operated under paragraph 7#a7 shall be established through a competitive1 merit-reviewed process4 7,b7 ,applications ,an eligible applicant described in subparagraph 7,c7 seeking to establish and operate a center described in paragraph 7#a7 shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology an application therefor at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director determines to be appropriate4 7,c7 ,eligible applicants ,eligible applicants described in this subparagraph are the following3 7i7 ,institutions of higher education4 7ii7 ,nonprofit organizations4 7iii7 ,multi-institution collaborations1 including multiple types of research institutions1 private sector entities1 ,federal laboratories1 and nonprofit organizations1 or consortia thereof4 7iv7 ,any other entity the ,director determines appropriate4 7#c7 ,selection of applications and prioritized topics ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of applications submitted under paragraph 7#b77;,b71 subject to merit-review3 7,a7 ,quantum sensing and measurement technologies4 7,b7 ,advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of quantum systems and quantum-enabling technologies4 7,c7 ,address technology barriers to quantum networking and communications4 7#d7 ,grants 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall carry out the program required by paragraph 7#a7 through the award of grants to eligible applicants seeking to establish and operate centers under the program4 7,b7 ,duration of grant awards ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the duration of a grant awarded under subparagraph 7,a7 shall be a period of #e years4 7,c7 ,renewal ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 each grant awarded under subparagraph 7,a7 may be renewed for successive periods of #e years following a successful merit-based review by the ,director4 7,d7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,institute1 the ,director may terminate a grant awarded under subparagraph 7,a7 for an underperforming center for cause during the performance period of the grant4 7b7 ,requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 centers established and operated under this section shall serve the mission of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 for the benefit of the broader ,united ,states quantum information science community1 to develop processes for the following purposes3 7#a7 ,advancing research and standardization in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,advancing technology development4 7#c7 ,improving the competitiveness of the ,united ,states4 7c7 ,coordination ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall ensure coordination1 and avoid unnecessary duplication of1 the activities carried out under this section with existing activities of the ,institute1 other activities carried out under this ,act1 and other related programs1 as appropriate4 7d7 ,operation of centers 7#a7 ,commercial technology ,each center established under this section may leverage commercially available hardware and software to carry out the activities described in subsection 7a71 provided that such hardware and software is not manufactured in a country of concern or by a foreign country of concern4 7#b7 ,renewal ,each center established under this section may be renewed for successive periods of #e years following a successful merit-based review by the ,director4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period4 7e7 ,funding ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall allocate up to #ah1jjj1jjj for each center established under this section for each of fiscal years #bjbf through #bjcj1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,such amounts shall be derived from amounts appropriated pursuant to section #ajbaa of the ,research and ,development ,competition and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg74 7f7 ,briefing requirements ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 and not less frequently than once each year thereafter1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall provide the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,space1 ,science1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a briefing on current and planned activities under this section4 #bjc4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq47 and section #fdcb of the ,servicemember ,quality of ,life ,improvement and ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbe 7,public ,law #aah-aei2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #gadd;b note74 4 #ad4 ,national ,science ,foundation quantum information science research and education activities ,section #cja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhda7 is amended-- 7#a7 in the section heading1 by inserting 1 ,engineering1 and ,technology after ,science2 7#b7 in subsection 7a71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#c7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7,i7 by striking human resources and inserting education and workforce2 and 7,,ii7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 in clause 7i7-- 7aa7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7bb7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,,ii7 in clause 7ii71 by inserting and after the semicolon2 and 7,,iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7iii7 to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and explore solutions to important challenges for the development and application of quantum technologies2 2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7iv7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7v7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7vi7 by adding at the end the following3 7,f7 providing infrastructure to support academic quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including through existing infrastructure programs and new activities4 2 7#d7 by striking subsection 7c7 and inserting the following3 7c7 ,student traineeships1 fellowships1 and other models 7#a7 ,quantum traineeships ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with heads of ,federal agencies as the ,director considers appropriate1 may use existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7-- 7,a7 to provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education within the ,united ,states who are citizens of the ,united ,states and who choose or plan to pursue master or doctoral degrees in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 or related fields2 and 7,b7 to provide students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to such students' quantum studies4 7#b7 ,quantum fellowships and scholarships 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with heads of ,federal agencies as the ,director considers appropriate1 may use existing programs to support fellowships and scholarships for students at institutions of higher education for the purpose of-- 7i7 increasing quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate ,,stem students2 and 7ii7 increasing postgraduation employment opportunities for ,,stem students who demonstrate potential to pursue careers in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7,b7 ,requirements ,an eligible participant in the fellowship and scholarship program under this paragraph shall-- 7i7 be enrolled in or have graduated from a ,,stem degree program at an institution of higher education within the ,united ,states2 and 7ii7 have demonstrated interest in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 such as by taking not less than #a quantum science or quantum-relevant course as part of the participant's degree program or by participating in a summer school program that focuses on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7,c7 ,considerations ,eligible fellowships and scholarship programs under this paragraph may include temporary quantum-related positions at ,federal or ,state agencies1 ,national ,laboratories1 private sector entities1 institutions of higher education1 the quantum centers established under section #bjb1 the ,multidisciplinary ,centers for ,quantum ,research and ,education established under section #cjb1 the ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce ,coordination ,hub under section #cjc1 the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers established under section #djb1 and the initiatives established under section #ejc1 or other quantum-relevant entities1 as determined appropriate by the ,director4 7,d7 ,competitive awards ,fellowships and scholarships awarded under this paragraph shall be competitively awarded through a merit-review process4 ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may prioritize fellowships that include an industry partner that provides financial assistance to awardees for direct or indirect costs4 7#c7 ,quantum research experiences for undergraduates ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall seek to increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate students by encouraging proposals in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 through the research experiences for undergraduates provided under section #ead of the ,america ,,competes ,reauthorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfbp-#f74 7#d7 ,cooperative education programs ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with heads of ,federal agencies the ,director considers appropriate1 may establish1 or use existing1 programs to support cooperative education programs between institutions of higher education and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#e7 ,partnerships ,in carrying out the activities under this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall encourage recipients of awards under this subsection to partner with relevant ,federal agencies1 ,federal laboratories1 industry and other private sector organizations1 and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning experiences4 2 7#e7 in subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 in the subsection heading1 by striking ,,qise and inserting ,,qiset2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking information science and engineering 7referred to in this subsection as ,,qise7 and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology 7referred to in this subsection as ,,qiset72 and 7ii7 by inserting and career and technical education entities after colleges2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking ,,qise and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,d7-- 7,i7 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 and 7,,ii7 by inserting 1 including those principles relevant to emerging technologies1 such as artificial intelligence1 microelectronics1 and nanotechnology after fields2 7iii7 by redesignating subparagraph 7,f7 as subparagraph 7,g72 and 7iv7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,e7 the following3 7,f7 ,methods to introduce security dimensions associated with quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology into ,,stem curricula4 2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking ,,qise and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,e7 by striking paragraph 7#d72 and 7#f7 by adding at the end the following3 7e7 ,quantum research experiences for teachers ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to engage educators1 principals1 or other school leaders of kindergarten through grade #ab students in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology knowledge1 including by-- 7#a7 providing hands-on training and research opportunities for such educators at ,federal laboratories or institutions of higher education1 or in industry2 and 7#b7 developing best practices4 7f7 ,expanding capacity in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology 7#a7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,eligible consortium ,the term eligible consortium means a consortium that-- 7i7 includes not less than #a institution of higher education or eligible nonprofit organization2 and 7ii7 may include-- 7,i7 a private sector entity2 7,,ii7 a ,federal laboratory2 or 7,,iii7 a ,federal1 ,tribal1 ,state1 local1 or territorial government entity4 7,b7 ,eligible institution of higher education ,the term eligible institution of higher education means an institution of higher education that1 during the #c-year period prior to the year of an award under this section and according to the data published by the ,national ,center for ,science and ,engineering ,statistics was not1 on average1 among the top #gj institutions in ,federal research and development expenditures4 7#b7 ,awards authorized ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the heads of ,federal agencies the ,director considers appropriate1 shall make awards on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher education1 eligible nonprofit organizations1 or eligible consortia to increase research capacity1 increase education and infrastructure capacity1 and broaden participation in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology and related disciplines1 including by-- 7,a7 supporting curriculum development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology as described in subsection 7d72 7,b7 building upon the activities carried out under the ,next ,generation ,quantum ,leaders ,pilot ,program authorized under section #ajffa7;f7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa7;f772 and 7,c7 leveraging the readiness for the involvement of local research and education communities to secure a talent pipeline in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to meet the workforce needs of industry1 government1 and academia4 7#c7 ,requirements ,to receive an award under this subsection1 an eligible institution of higher education1 eligible nonprofit organization1 or eligible consortium shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application that includes the following3 7,a7 ,a plan to sustain proposed activities beyond the duration of the award4 7,b7 ,proposed quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology disciplines and focus areas the eligible institution of higher education or consortium is prepared to engage in to significantly build up its quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and education capacity4 7,c7 ,a plan for education and workforce development1 which may include-- 7i7 kindergarten through grade #ab and postsecondary education programs and activities2 7ii7 workforce training and career and technical education programs and activities2 7iii7 undergraduate1 graduate1 and postdoctoral education programs and activities2 and 7iv7 informal education programs and activities4 7#d7 ,activities ,awards under this subsection to support research and related activities may include activities relating to the following3 7,a7 ,development or expansion of research programs in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#c77;,b74 7,b7 ,faculty recruitment and professional development in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#c77;,b74 7,c7 ,bridge programs focused on preparing postbaccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7,d7 ,building research capacity and infrastructure at an eligible institution of higher education in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#c77;,b74 7,e7 ,an assessment of capacity-building and research infrastructure needs identified in paragraph 7#c77;,b74 7,f7 ,administrative research development support4 7,g7 ,other activities necessary to build research capacity in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#e7 ,additional considerations ,in making awards under this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may also consider the following3 7,a7 ,the extent to which the eligible applicant will support students from diverse backgrounds1 including first-generation undergraduate students4 7,b7 ,the geographic and institutional diversity of eligible applicants4 7,c7 ,how the eligible applicant can leverage public-private partnerships and existing research partnerships with ,federal agencies4 7,d7 ,how the eligible applicant prioritizes research security1 including through educational efforts and furtherance of best practices for handling research that is supported by an award under this subsection4 7#f7 ,duplication ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are complementary to1 and not duplicative of1 existing programs4 7g7 ,international research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 shall support international quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 as appropriate1 to enhance international cooperation and meet ,united ,states commitments1 including as part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research agreements4 7#b7 ,alignment ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure alignment with the national strategy for quantum information science in accordance with ,executive ,order #adjgc 7#hg ,fed4 ,reg4 #bgiji2 relating to enhancing the ,national ,quantum ,advisory ,committee7 or successor strategies4 7#c7 ,priority ,the ,director shall prioritize research programs with countries that have signed a quantum cooperation statement with the ,united ,states4 7#d7 ,restrictions 7,a7 ,confucius institute ,none of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a ,confucius ,institute1 as defined in section #ajcci;,a of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aijci7 or any successor of a ,confucius ,institute4 7,b7 ,foreign country of concern and foreign entity of concern ,none of the funds made available under this subsection may be obligated or expended to promote1 establish1 or finance quantum research activities between a ,united ,states entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern1 including the entity's subsidiaries4 7h7 ,upgrading and improving access to quantum research resources 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the activities described in this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7 to upgrade research facilities and improve access to research resources1 such as equipment and instrumentation1 that is needed for research and development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,purpose ,grants under paragraph 7#a7 shall be used to facilitate quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and development1 including by carrying out the following3 7,a7 ,upgrading or adding research resources to-- 7i7 accelerate the development of quantum technologies1 including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks to implementation2 and 7ii7 meet the materials1 advanced materials development1 high performance computing1 heterogeneous computing1 networking1 software1 data1 clean room1 and device needs of the scientific community and the quantum supply chain4 7,b7 ,enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation1 including at partnering institutions1 by facilitating information sharing1 coordination1 education1 and training1 including activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences for students1 including at community and technical colleges4 7,c7 ,enabling professional staff to support the operation1 scheduling1 and improvement of research resources used for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#c7 ,requirements ,an institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization 7or a consortium thereof7 seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may require4 4 #ae4 ,multidisciplinary centers for quantum research and education ,section #cjb of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhdb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by striking #e and inserting #aj2 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking and engineering and inserting 1 engineering1 and technology1 including leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to section #cja7;d72 and 7,c7 in paragraph 7#c71 by inserting 1 such as commercially-available hardware and software after resources2 7#c7 in subsection 7d77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking quantum science1 and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology12 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting health1 after chemistry12 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,d7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,e7 by adding at the end the following3 7,f7 how the ,center will participate in international collaborations1 as appropriate1 to build a trusted global research network with allies and partners of the ,united ,states and other countries that share values with the ,united ,states2 7,g7 how the ,center will protect research from foreign countries of concern and foreign entities of concern1 and the subsidiaries of such foreign entities1 to ensure the competitiveness of the ,united ,states2 and 7,h7 how the ,center will assess and report on progress toward achieving self-sustainability1 including metrics1 milestones1 and a timeline for meeting the long-term goal described in subparagraph 7,e74 2 and 7#d7 in subsection 7e71 by striking paragraph 7#b7 and inserting the following3 7#b7 ,reapplication ,an awardee may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 2 7#e7 in subsection 7f71 by striking #bjai through #bjbc and inserting #bjbf through #bjcj2 and 7#f7 by adding at the end the following3 7g7 ,briefing requirements ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 and not less frequently than annually thereafter1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall brief the appropriate committees of ,congress on current and planned activities under this section4 ,each briefing shall include-- 7#a7 an assessment of how each ,center is progressing toward the goal of self-sustainability described in subsection 7d77#b77;,e72 and 7#b7 a summary of the most recent reports submitted by the ,centers regarding such progress in accordance with subsection 7d77#b77;,h74 4 #af4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub1 quantum testbeds1 and research security ,title ,,iii of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhda et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #cjc4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 and the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies1 shall make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce ,coordination ,hub 7in this section referred to as the ,hub74 7b7 ,consortium ,the consortium established pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall include not fewer than #d institutions of higher education1 including not fewer than #b community colleges1 and may include career and technical schools1 nonprofit organizations1 and private sector entities4 7c7 ,purpose ,the purpose of the ,hub shall be to-- 7#a7 identify and address cross-cutting workforce development challenges in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 the quantum industry1 and other critical and emerging technology areas that share similar workforce challenges by serving as a national and regional clearinghouse2 and 7#b7 facilitate the establishment of programs to disseminate1 to institutions of higher education 7including community colleges7 and career and technical education entities1 model curricula1 best practices1 and instructional materials related to the activities described in subsection 7d74 7d7 ,activities ,the activities of the ,hub may include the following3 7#a7 ,testing1 implementing1 scaling1 disseminating1 and standardizing materials1 methods1 best practices1 and other outputs developed through activities under this ,act4 7#b7 ,promoting core competencies1 such as computer science1 data science1 and mathematics1 that are shared with other critical and emerging technologies1 such as artificial intelligence4 7#c7 ,increasing the integration of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology content into ,,stem curricula at all education levels1 including career and technical education programs4 7#d7 ,providing opportunities for ,,stem degree students to provide feedback on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology curricula4 7#e7 ,facilitating post-education employment opportunities and workforce pathways for ,,stem degree recipients in quantum-related industries1 including by facilitating opportunities for internships1 externships1 fellowships1 and other such activities as determined by the ,director1 including through the establishment of a publicly accessible online portal4 7#f7 ,coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit entities and small- and medium-sized businesses and startups to inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum education in ,,stem degree programs1 including through the promotion of postgraduation opportunities for ,,stem students outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum industries4 7#g7 ,supporting activities and programs to enhance the recruitment of students from groups historically underrepresented in ,,stem to pursue undergraduate and graduate studies in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#h7 ,developing1 testing1 implementing1 and coordinating career development programs and strategies to increase the number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of education1 including by carrying out the following3 7,a7 ,hosting career development workshops4 7,b7 ,developing in-house and distance learning career development tools for public use4 7,c7 ,facilitating access to related quantum technology1 tools1 and resources4 7,d7 ,developing training1 research1 and professional development programs1 including innovative pre-service and in-service programs4 7,e7 ,facilitating relationships with ,state and local entities1 such as a ,state board or local board 7as such terms are defined in section #c of the ,workforce ,innovation and ,opportunity ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb771 to increase awareness of and promote quantum-related career development activities at the ,hub4 7#i7 ,establishing a framework for performing ongoing regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce to report on trends1 and perform other activities that expand the understanding of the current and future needs of the quantum industry1 and the education capacity or readiness of the quantum workforce4 ,such activities shall complement or align with1 as relevant1 authorized quantum and ,,stem workforce studies under section #ajffa7;d7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa7;d774 7#aj7 ,facilitating public education and outreach activities to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to a broader community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award applications4 7#aa7 ,encouraging coordination on quantum education in the broader ,,stem community4 7e7 ,,qrew ,quantum ,fellowship ,program ,subject to the restrictions described in section #cja7;c71 the ,hub may support education or policy fellowships for students at entities participating in the consortium under subsection 7a7 or at other research centers established pursuant to this ,act at the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,department of ,energy1 or the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 for the purpose of supporting the activities described in subsection 7d74 7f7 ,industry coordination ,the ,hub shall collaborate with the ,quantum ,consortium established under section #bja7;b7 or other industry consortia to identify1 publish1 facilitate1 or enable quantum-related education and workforce development opportunities as described in subsections 7c7 and 7d74 7g7 ,application ,a consortium seeking funding under this section shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may require4 ,each application shall include a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following3 7#a7 ,contribute to the success of the ,hub and fulfill the purposes of the ,hub4 7#b7 ,include industry participation in fulfilling the purposes of the ,hub4 7#c7 ,collaborate with other members of the consortium to share expertise in integrating quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology into ,,stem programs and other relevant fields and disciplines4 7#d7 ,support long-term and short-term workforce development in the quantum field4 7#e7 ,develop and implement outreach activities to increase the participation of women and other students from groups historically underrepresented in ,,stem4 7h7 ,selection and duration 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,hub established under this section is authorized to carry out activities for a period of #e years4 7#b7 ,reapplication ,a consortium receiving an award under this section may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with and in addition to the authorities of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may also terminate the ,hub if it is underperforming during the performance period4 7i7 ,coordination ,the ,hub shall coordinate with other research centers established under this ,act at the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,department of ,energy1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and other relevant ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 on activities and resources4 7j7 ,reporting requirements ,not later than #c years after the date of enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a progress report that includes current 7as of the date of the report7 and planned activities of the ,hub4 #cjd4 ,quantum testbeds 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as determined appropriate by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 shall make awards on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher education1 nonprofit organizations1 federally funded research and development centers1 or consortia thereof1 to establish testbeds for accelerating the development of viable quantum applications4 7b7 ,purposes ,the quantum testbeds established under subsection 7a7 shall focus on advancing the development of quantum application use cases1 as determined by the ,director1 through proof-of-concept testing1 demonstrations1 pilot projects1 benchmarking1 and prototyping1 by-- 7#a7 supporting translational quantum research and development activities for quantum application use cases1 including1 for testbeds featuring quantum software and quantum algorithms driving toward utility1 leveraging approaches such as algorithm innovation and tools such as resource estimators2 7#b7 providing accessible research resources for developing1 testing1 and benchmarking the application of quantum technologies to likely use cases1 including enabling quantum cloud access2 7#c7 investing in quantum computing technologies that show promise for viability1 including directing funding to advance each layer of the stack and related systems engineering and integration2 and 7#d7 establishing cost and benefit4 7c7 ,application proposals ,an applicant for an award under this section shall submit to the ,director a proposal at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may reasonably require4 ,the proposal shall1 at a minimum1 describe the following3 7#a7 ,how the applicant will assemble a workforce1 including from populations that are historically underrepresented in ,,stem1 with the skills needed to operate a quantum testbed4 7#b7 ,how the applicant will ensure broad access to a quantum testbed1 including for start-ups and small businesses4 7#c7 ,how a quantum testbed will operate after ,federal funding has ended4 7#d7 ,how the applicant will contribute to the quantum testbed1 such as through funding or other resources required to develop quantum applications4 7#e7 ,how the applicant will protect any research or advancements made as a result of using the quantum testbed4 7d7 ,prioritization ,in awarding grants under this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall prioritize the following3 7#a7 ,applicants that ensure not less than #be percent of the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided by private or non-,federal entities1 including in-kind contributions4 7#b7 ,awards for consortia that include quantum industry participation4 7e7 ,roles and responsibilities ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall be responsible for the following3 7#a7 ,maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each quantum testbed established under this section4 7#b7 ,partnering with other ,federal agencies to enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of such agencies4 7#c7 ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this section and every #b years thereafter until ,december #ca1 #bjcj1 briefing the appropriate committees of ,congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds4 7f7 ,coordination ,in establishing quantum testbeds under this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting ,federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the ,national ,science ,foundation1 including those testbeds and facilities authorized pursuant to section #ajcij of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aiaaj71 or by other ,federal agencies as determined appropriate by the ,director1 to avoid duplication and maximize use of ,federal resources4 7g7 ,stakeholder collaboration ,in carrying out this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall collaborate with the ,quantum ,consortium established pursuant to section #bja7;b7 to accomplish the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection 7b7 and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry stakeholders4 ,the ,director may also engage with ,national ,laboratories1 federally funded research and development centers1 industry1 and other members of the ,united ,states quantum ecosystem4 7h7 ,geographic diversity ,the ,director shall ensure regional and geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section4 #cje4 ,research security 7a7 ,research security ,the activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 7b7 ,review of visitors and assignees from countries of risk ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall establish policies and procedures to assess and screen visitors and assignees to ,national ,science ,foundation-supported facilities that are similar1 to the extent practicable1 to the policies and procedures regarding visitors and assignees to the ,national ,laboratories that were established in accordance with section #fdcb of the ,servicemember ,quality of ,life ,improvement and ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbe 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gadd;b note74 4 #ag4 ,national ,science ,foundation cryptography research ,section #d7;a77#a77;,a7 of the ,cyber ,security ,research and ,development ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjc7 is amended by inserting 1 including post-quantum cryptography 7as such term is defined in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note2 ,public ,law #aag-bfj77 before the semicolon4 #ah4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities 7a7 ,in general ,the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following new title3 ,v ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities #eja4 ,definition of ,administrator ,in this title1 the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 #ejb4 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research for space and aeronautics 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator is authorized to carry out research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7b7 ,cooperation ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,administrator-- 7#a7 shall consider cooperative arrangements with the ,department of ,energy and other ,federal ,government agencies1 as practicable1 on areas of shared benefit2 and 7#b7 may enter into memoranda of understanding or memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative arrangements4 7c7 ,strategy ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this title1 the ,administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a strategy for ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 ,the strategy shall identify resources required to support implementation of the strategy1 including budgets1 workforce1 and infrastructure1 describe cooperative efforts with other ,federal ,government agencies1 and address areas of research and applications1 including the following3 7#a7 ,quantum sensing4 7#b7 ,quantum networking4 7#c7 ,quantum communications1 including quantum satellite communications4 7#d7 ,quantum computing4 7#e7 ,science1 aeronautics1 and exploration-related applications4 7#f7 ,any other area of quantum information1 science1 engineering1 and technology that furthers the mission of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and is consistent with the purposes of this ,act1 as the ,administrator considers appropriate4 7d7 ,consultation ,in developing the strategy described in subsection 7c71 the ,administrator may seek input from relevant external stakeholders1 including institutions of higher education1 industry1 and nonprofit research organizations4 #ejc4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum initiatives 7a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 may establish one or more initiatives focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7b7 ,initiative details 7#a7 ,merit-based review process 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall develop and implement a formal1 merit-based review process for evaluating proposals1 applications1 and initiatives submitted to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration with respect to the research1 development1 or deployment of quantum technologies with potential relevance to the civil space and aeronautics missions of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 7,b7 ,criteria ,the process established under subparagraph 7,a7 shall be designed-- 7i7 to ensure taxpayer dollars are directed to the most technically sound and strategically aligned quantum technology proposals2 7ii7 to prioritize proposals that demonstrate strong potential to enhance ,united ,states leadership in space-based quantum applications1 including sensing1 navigation1 communications1 simulation1 and computing2 7iii7 to support initiatives that align with the strategic goals of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts led by other ,federal agencies2 7iv7 to facilitate a competitive1 transparent1 and objective selection process using qualified subject-matter experts2 and 7v7 to include appropriate consideration of project feasibility1 cost-effectiveness1 technological maturity1 and risk mitigation4 7#b7 ,application requirements ,an applicant under this section shall submit to the ,administrator a proposal at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such technical1 programmatic1 and budgetary information as the ,administrator determines necessary to evaluate the proposal through the review process developed under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,eligible applicants ,in carrying out the process under paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall consider applications from institutions of higher education1 research centers1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and any other entity the ,administrator considers appropriate4 7#d7 ,collaborations ,a collaboration that receives an award under this section may include multiple types of research institutions1 including institutions of higher education1 private sector entities1 and nonprofit organizations4 7#e7 ,coordination and accountability ,the ,administrator shall ensure that an awardee under this section-- 7,a7 coordinates with the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 including by identifying personnel designated to serve as program liaisons for technical and programmatic oversight2 and 7,b7 avoids unnecessary duplication of existing activities of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 other activities carried out under the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbf or the amendments made by that ,act1 and other related programs1 as appropriate4 7#f7 ,commercial technology ,an initiative established under this section may leverage commercially-available hardware and software to carry out the activities described in subsection 7c74 7c7 ,initiative activities ,an initiative established under this section may carry out activities that-- 7#a7 support research focused on developing and demonstrating space1 aeronautics1 and exploration applications for quantum information science1 engineering1 exploration1 and technology1 including research relating to the strategy developed under section #ejb7;c72 and 7#b7 support quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology education and public outreach4 7d7 ,initiative requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 an initiative established under this section shall serve the needs of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration for the benefit of the broader ,united ,states quantum information science community1 to create and develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and improving the competitiveness of the ,united ,states4 7e7 ,initiative selection and duration 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 an initiative established under this section may carry out activities for a period of #e years4 7#b7 ,reapplication ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 an awardee may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,administrator may terminate the initiative for cause during the performance period4 #ejd4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under this title shall be carried out in a manner consistent with-- 7#a7 subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq472 and 7#b7 section #fdcb of the ,servicemember ,quality of ,life ,improvement and ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbe 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gadd;b note2 ,public ,law #aah-aei74 #eje4 ,authorization of appropriations ,the ,administrator shall allocate up to #be1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbf through #bjcj to carry out this title1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out this title shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 4 #ai4 ,comptroller ,general review and report 7a7 ,review ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall conduct a review of existing processes and reporting requirements associated with research and development programs established within the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and the ,department of ,energy pursuant to the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja et seq47 to identify potential opportunities-- 7#a7 to reduce duplicative and unnecessary paperwork and reporting requirements without compromising security1 transparency1 and accountability2 and 7#b7 to expedite access to facilities and equipment of the ,federal ,government for researchers affiliated with such programs4 7b7 ,research and development programs covered ,the review required under subsection 7a7 shall cover all research and development programs established pursuant to sections #bja1 #cjb1 #djb1 #djc1 and #djd of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhca1 #hhdb1 #hheb1 #hhec1 and #hhed74 7c7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after completing the review under subsection 7a71 the ,comptroller ,general shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a report on the findings of the review1 which shall include recommendations relating to paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b7 of such subsection4 #bj4 ,review of regulatory barriers to quantum information science and technology development 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,the term appropriate congressional committees means the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,quantum information science and technology ,the term quantum information science and technology has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja71 as amended by section #b of this ,act4 7b7 ,review and assessment required ,not later than #edj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall1 in coordination with the ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office1 conduct a review to identify and assess any existing or potential regulatory barriers that inhibit research1 development1 deployment1 or scaling of quantum information science and technology4 7c7 ,elements ,the review and assessment conducted pursuant to subsection 7b7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,an inventory of existing ,federal regulations1 policies1 and guidance documents that are applicable to quantum information science and technology4 7#b7 ,an analysis of whether regulations1 policies1 and guidance inventoried pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 impose undue burdens on academic1 private sector1 or government-led quantum information science and technology research or development4 7#c7 ,recommendations to modernize1 streamline1 or eliminate duplicative or outdated regulatory barriers identified pursuant to subsection 7b74 7#d7 ,input from stakeholders across industry1 academia1 and the ,national ,laboratories with respect to such regulatory barriers4 7#e7 ,recommended actions to harmonize regulatory requirements relating to quantum information science and technology across ,federal agencies where inconsistences exist4 7d7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date on which the ,director completes the review and assessment required by subsection 7b71 the ,director shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report detailing the findings and recommendations described in subsection 7c74 7e7 ,quinquennial updates ,not later than #e years after the date on which the ,director completes the review and assessment required by subsection 7b71 and every #e years thereafter1 the ,director shall update the review and assessment required by subsection 7b7 and submit to the appropriate congressional committees an updated report detailing the findings and recommendations of the ,director4 #ba4 ,sunset of ,national ,nanotechnology ,program 7a7 ,sunset of ,national ,nanotechnology ,program ,the ,national ,nanotechnology ,program 7in this section referred to as the ,program7 and the authorities and requirements of the #bast ,century ,nanotechnology ,research and ,development ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #geja et seq47 are terminated on the date that is #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7b7 ,wind-,down ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall take such actions as may be necessary to terminate and wind down the ,program before the date specified in subsection 7a74 7c7 ,plan and briefing 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall provide to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a briefing in which the ,director shall present a plan on how the ,director will carry out subsection 7b74 7#b7 ,elements ,the plan presented under paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 ensure minimal disruption to ongoing federally funded research and development activities2 7,b7 ensure transfer or reassignment of nanotechnology research infrastructure programs and facilities to minimize disruption of researcher access to critical tools that support other national priorities2 7,c7 provide for the orderly disposition or transfer of active grants1 contracts1 and personnel associated with the ,national ,nanotechnology ,coordination ,office established under section #c7;a7 of the #bast ,century ,nanotechnology ,research and ,development ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gejb7;a772 7,d7 identify any relevant responsibilities that should be reassigned to existing programs at the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy2 and 7,e7 minimize duplication and ensure fiscal efficiency in the conclusion of the ,program4 #bb4 ,clerical amendments ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended as follows3 7#a7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #aje the following new items3 ,sec4 #aje;,a4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy4,sec4 #ajf4 ,national quantum prize challenges4 4 7#b7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #bja the following new items3 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,quantum ,centers4,sec4 #bjc4 ,research security4 4 7#c7 ,by striking the item relating to section #cja and inserting the following new item3 ,sec4 #cja4 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and education program4 4 7#d7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #cjb the following new items3 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub4,sec4 #cjd4 ,quantum testbeds4,sec4 #cje4 ,research security4 4 7#e7 ,by adding at the end the following new items3 ,,title ,v--,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities ,sec4 #eja4 ,definition of ,administrator4 ,sec4 #ejb4 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research for space and aeronautics4 ,sec4 #ejc4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum initiatives4 ,sec4 #ejd4 ,research security4 ,sec4 #eje4 ,authorization of appropriations4 4