,,ii #aai? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #cegd ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,decemb] #ah1 #bjbe,mr4 ,s*mitt introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to prohibit ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts f recogniz+1 en=c+1 or giv+ effect to any judgm5t1 ord]1 decree1 or provisional measure issu$ by a c\rt ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 9 a proce$+ motivat$ by retaliation = lawful acts1 includ+ political spee*4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,end+ ,*9ese ,lawf>e ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! judicial sy/em ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a is con/itutionally subord9ate to ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty1 :i* ex]cises ultimate au?ority ov] judicial outcomes4 7#b7 ,c\rts ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a h be5 us$ z in/rum5ts ( /ate policy1 includ+ by retaliat+ aga9/ =eign (ficials1 gov]nm5ts1 bus9esses1 & individuals = protect$ political spee* & lawful sov]eign acts4 7#c7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has a compell+ int]e/ 9 protect+ ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t rights ( its (ficials & citiz5s1 pres]v+ national sov]eignty1 & prev5t+ =eign gov]nm5ts f weaponiz+ judicial processes to *ill lawful conduct4 7#d7 ,recognition & en=cem5t ( =eign judgm5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a matt] ( comity1 n obligation1 & ,congress has au?ority to regulate or prohibit su* recognition :5ev] x conflicts ) ! ,con/itution1 laws1 or public policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#e7 ,politically motivat$ =eign judgm5ts pose a direct ?reat to democratic gov]nance & judicial integrity :5ev] =eign c\rts are us$ to puni% spee* or (ficial action protect$ "u ,unit$ ,/ates law4 #c4 ,prohibition on recognition or en=cem5t ( politically-motivat$ judgm5ts 7a7 ,g5]al rule ,no c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ( any ,/ate1 t]ritory1 or possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 may recognize1 en=ce1 or give effect to any judgm5t1 ord]1 decree1 or provisional measure issu$ by a c\rt ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a if ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt det]m9es t ! proce$+ at :i* su* issuance occurr$-- 7#a7 0 initiat$1 direct$1 controll$1 or mat]ially support$ by ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a1 or any in/rum5tality ( ei!r su* entity2 & 7#b7 0 sub/antially motivat$ by retaliation =-- 7,a7 protect$ political spee*2 7,b7 ! lawful ex]cise ( gov]nm5tal au?ority2 or 7,c7 ! ex]cise ( rights secur$ by ! ,con/itution or laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7b7 ,evid5ti>y /&>d ,a ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt may make a det]m9ation describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 bas$ on ! totality ( ! circum/ances1 includ+-- 7#a7 ! lack ( judicial indep5d5ce 9 ! orig9at+ =um2 7#b7 ! id5tity ( ! pla9tiff or its affiliation ) ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty or /ate entities2 7#c7 public /atem5ts by ,*9ese (ficials relat+ to ! proce$+2 7#d7 ! nature ( ! claims ass]t$ & _! relation%ip to protect$ spee* or sov]eign acts2 & 7#e7 ! abs5ce ( due process or neutral adjudication4 #d4 ,fee-%ift+ & det]r5ce ,if a p>ty seeks recognition or en=cem5t ( a judgm5t1 ord]1 decree1 or provisional measure b>r$ "u section #c1 ! prevail+ p>ty oppos+ en=cem5t %all be aw>d$ reasonable attorneys' fees1 co/s1 & exp5ses1 includ+ exp]t fees4 #e4 ,f$]al jurisdiction & removal 7a7 ,orig9al jurisdiction ,! di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h orig9al jurisdiction ov] any action seek+ recognition or en=cem5t ( a judgm5t1 ord]1 decree1 or provisional measure describ$ 9 section #c7;a74 7b7 ,removal ,any action describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 t is comm5c$ 9 a ,/ate c\rt may be remov$ to ! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt by any p>ty4 #f4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice int]v5tion 7a7 ,"r ,to int]v5e ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may int]v5e1 z ( "r1 9 any proce$+ involv+ ! recognition or en=cem5t ( a judgm5t1 ord]1 decree1 or provisional measure describ$ 9 section #c7;a74 7b7 ,/atem5t ( int]e/ ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may submit a /atem5t ( int]e/ reg>d+ ! political nature ( ! =eign proce$+1 ! lack ( judicial indep5d5ce1 or ! =eign policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt %all give sub/antial weight4 #g4 ,fir/ ,am5dm5t & ,sov]eignty ,protection ,clause ,no judgm5t describ$ 9 section #c7;a7 may be recogniz$ or en=c$ if su* recognition or en=cem5t w\ld-- 7#a7 p5alize1 burd51 or *ill spee* or conduct protect$ by ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or 7#b7 int]f]e ) ! lawful ex]cise ( ,unit$ ,/ates sov]eign au?ority4 #h4 ,decl>atory & injunctive relief 7a7 ,civil action au?oriz$ ,any p]son1 ,/ate1 or gov]nm5tal entity t is a p>ty to1 ! subject (1 or ! t>get ( a proce$+ 9 a c\rt ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a describ$ 9 section #c7;a71 & t has incurr$ or is incurr+ concrete co/s1 burd5s1 or re/ra9ts z a result ( su* proce$+1 may br+ a civil action 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt = decl>atory & injunctive relief4 7b7 ,injury 9 fact ,= purposes ( article ,,iii ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 an injury 9 fact %all be deem$ to exi/ if ! pla9tiff demon/rates1 to ! satisfaction ( ! c\rt-- 7#a7 p>ticipation 91 or exposure to1 a =eign judicial proce$+ describ$ 9 section #c2 & 7#b7 7,a7 legal exp5ses or compliance co/s2 7,b7 reputational injury2 7,c7 a cr$ible *ill+ effect on con/itutionally protect$ spee* or conduct2 7,d7 impairm5t ( prop]ty1 contractual1 or f9ancial int]e/s2 or 7,e7 a sub/antial risk ( en=cem5t ef=ts affect+ ,unit$ ,/ates-bas$ int]e/s4 7c7 ,relief ,9 any action "u ?is section1 ! c\rt may-- 7#a7 decl>e ! =eign judgm5t or proce$+ is n recognizable or en=ceable 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7#b7 grant appropriate injunctive relief to prev5t any attempt to seek recognition or en=cem5t ( su* judgm5t4 #i4 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act may be con/ru$ to require a ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt to recognize or en=ce any =eign judgm5t4 ,?is ,act e/abli%es a m9imum /&>d ( nonrecognition & does n limit o!r gr\nds = refus+ en=cem5t "u ,f$]al or ,/ate law4 #aj4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is ,act1 or ! application ( su* provision1 is held invalid1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & o!r applications ( ?is ,act %all n be affect$4