,,ii  #aaith ,,congress  #ast ,session  
,s4 #cc  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the 
,,united ,,states  ,january #h1         
#bjbe,mr4 ,schmitt 7for himself1 ,mr4   
,cruz1 ,mr4 ,cramer1 ,mr4 ,paul1 ,ms4   
,ernst1 ,mr4 ,budd1 ,mrs4 ,blackburn1   
,mrs4 ,britt1 and ,mr4 ,hagerty7        
introduced the following bill2 which was
 read twice and referred to the         
,committee on ,homeland ,security and   
,governmental ,affairs  ,a ,,bill  ,to  
amend title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1  
to clarify the nature of judicial review
 of agency interpretations of statutory 
and regulatory provisions4  #a4 ,short  
title ,this ,act may be cited as the    
,separation of ,powers ,restoration ,act
 of #bjbe or ,,sopra 4  #b4 ,judicial   
review of statutory and regulatory      
interpretations ,section #gjf of title  
#e1 ,united ,states ,code1 is amended-- 
7#a7 by striking ,to the extent         
necessary and inserting 7a7 ,to the     
extent necessary2  7#b7 in subsection   
7a71 as so designated-- 7,a7 by striking

 decide all relevant questions of law1  
interpret constitutional and statutory  
provisions1 and2  7,b7 by inserting     
after of the terms of an agency action  
the following and decide de novo all    
relevant questions of law1 including the
 interpretation of constitutional and   
statutory provisions1 rules made by     
agencies1 and interpretative rules1     
general statements of policy1 and all   
other agency guidance documents4        
,notwithstanding any other provision of 
law1 this subsection shall apply in any 
action for judicial review of agency    
action authorized under any provision of
 law4 ,no law may exempt any such civil 
action from the application of this     
section except by specific reference to 
this section2 and  7#c7 by striking ,the
 reviewing court shall-- and inserting  
the following3  7b7 ,the reviewing court
 shall--  2 and  7#d7 by striking ,in   
making the foregoing determinations and 
inserting the following3  7c7 ,in making
 the foregoing determinations  4