,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #cbfi  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,novemb] #bj1 #bjbe,mr4
 ,mc,cormick 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,coons1   
,mr4 ,budd1 & ,mr4 ,s*iff7 introduc$ !  
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,natural    
,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  ,to direct !      
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to 
conduct a te*nology assessm5t focus$ on 
liquid cool+ sy/ems = artificial        
intellig5ce compute clu/]s &            
high-p]=mance comput+ facilities1 & =   
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title & purpose
 ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,liquid      
,cool+ = ,,ai ,act ( #bjbe4  #b4 ,liquid
 cool+ deploym5t & scalability  7a7     
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7 ! #bjbd  
,unit$ ,/ates ,data ,c5t] ,en]gy ,usage 
,report publi%$ by ,lawr5ce ,b]keley    
,national ,laboratory-- 7,a7 indicates t
 data c5t]s acc\nt$ = #d4d p]c5t ( total
 ,unit$ ,/ates electricity consumption 9
 #bjbc1 up f #a4i p]c5t 9 #bjah2 &  7,b7
 projects t data c5t]s c\ld repres5t    

betwe5 #f4g p]c5t & #ab4h p]c5t ( total 
electricity consumption by #bjbh1 due to
 ! rapid gr[? ( ,,ai1 cl\d comput+1 &   
o!r digital te*nologies2  7#b7          
traditional air-cool$ sy/ems are rea*+  
limits to effectively remove heat f ,,ai
 *ips & h>dw>e1 & liquid cool+-enhanc$  
!rmal p]=mance is increas+ly becom+ a   
necessity = high-d5sity ,,ai s]v]s &    
data c5t]s due to ! gr[+ p[] consumption
 & heat g5]ation ( ,,ai workloads2  7#c7
 liquid cool+ te*nologies1 includ+      
direct-to-*ip liquid cool+ & s+le-phase 
or #b-phase imm]sion cool+1 c improve   
!rmal p]=mance1 enable high] d5sities1 &
 r$uce cool+ sy/em load :5 prop]ly      
eng9e]$ & ma9ta9$2  7#d7 effective      
liquid cool+ deploym5ts require         
int]op]able compon5ts & eng9e]$         
subsy/ems1 includ+ coolant di/ribution  
units1 second>y loops1 manifolds1 hoses1
 quick-disconnects1 valves1 pumps1      
filt]s1 leak detection & conta9m5t1     
corrosion control1 & appropriate        
in/rum5tation & controls2  7#e7         

int]faces = heat-reuse are integral to  
liquid sy/ems & c r$uce !rmal load on   
heat-rejection equipm5t by transf]r+    
heat ?r\gh plate heat ex*ang]s or o!r   
devices to b5eficial second>y uses :]e  
te*nically appropriate2  7#f7 ,f$]al    
ag5cies1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy1  
are consid]+ ! deploym5t ( ,,ai sy/ems  
across ,gov]nm5t-own$ facilities2 &     
7#g7 a compreh5sive1 indep5d5t assessm5t
 ( em]g+ data c5t] ar*itectures & cool+ 
te*nologies is ess5tial to in=m effici5t
 & co/-effective deploym5t decisions    
across ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4  7b7         
,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7        
#b-phase ,! t]m #b-phase1 ) respect to a
 cool+ process1 means a process t       
lev]ages ! heat-absorb+ phase *ange f   
liquid to gas dur+ ! cool+ cycle4  7#b7 
,,ai ,! t]m ,,ai has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 
artificial intellig5ce 9 section #ejjb (
 ! ,national ,artificial ,intellig5ce   
,initiative ,act ( #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 
#idja74  7#c7 ,appropriate congressional
 committees ,! t]m appropriate          

congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! 
,committee on ,en]gy & ,natural         
,res\rces ( ! ,s5ate2  7,b7 ! ,committee
 on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 & ,te*nology ( !   
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 &  7,c7 !      
,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce ( !     
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4  7#d7          
,direct-to-*ip liquid cool+ ,! t]m      
direct-to-*ip liquid cool+ means a      
liquid cool+ me?od t involves circulat+ 
a coolant 9 direct contact ) applicable 
heat-g5]at+ compon5ts1 su* z processors 
& memory modules1 to effici5tly absorb &
 transf] heat away f ^? heat-g5]at+     
compon5ts4  7#e7  ,heat-reuse  ,! t]m   
heat-reuse means ! capture & transf] (  
wa/e heat f liquid loops = b5eficial    
second>y use ?r\gh appropriate int]faces
 & controls4  7#f7 ,imm]sion cool+ ,!   
t]m imm]sion cool+ means a cool+        
te*nique t involves a dielectric fluid  
7s+le-phase or #b-phase7 com+ into      
direct contact ) in=mation te*nology    
compon5ts to capture & reject heat f an 
entire in=mation te*nology sy/em in/ead 

( a s+le compon5t4  7#g7 ,liquid cool+  
,! t]m liquid cool+ means utilization ( 
liquids to remove heat effici5tly f     
electronic compon5ts4  7#h7 ,national   
,laboratory ,! t]m ,national ,laboratory
 has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #b ( !
 ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db       
,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74  7#i7 ,s+le-phase ,! 
t]m s+le-phase1 ) respect to a cool+    
process1 means a process 9 :i* ! coolant
 rema9s 9 ! same liquid /ate ?r\gh\t !  
entire cool+ cycle4  7c7 ,,gao review   
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] 
! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
%all initiate a review (-- 7,a7 ! rese>*
 & developm5t ne$s relat+ to liquid     
cool+ utilization by data c5t]s2 &  7,b7
 ! relat$ m>ket1 te*nological1 &        
regulatory conditions affect+ t         
utilization4  7#b7 ,elem5ts ,! review   
requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include ! 
foll[+3 7,a7 ,an evaluation ( liquid    
cool+ rese>* & developm5t ne$s1 & ! co/s
 & b5efits = high-p]=mance comput+4     

7,b7 ,a description ( avoid$ co/s (     
en]gy1 includ+ def]r$ & avoid$ new      
electric transmission & infra/ructure   
upgrades & associat$ co/s4  7,c7 ,a     
description ( increas$ compute capacity 
?r\gh ! enabl+ ( m use ( en]gy = comput+
 workloads r ?an cool+4  7,d7 ,a survey 
& analysis ( exi/+ rese>* on ! positive 
& negative effects ( liquid cool+ on    
comput+ p]=mance1 resili5cy1 &          
cyb]security4  7,e7 ,an assessm5t (     
m>ket tr5ds & adoption rates ( liquid   
cool+ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates data c5t]s ov] !  
pa/ #e ye>s & projections ( future tr5ds
 to acc\nt = ! rapidly evolv+ indu/ry & 
pot5tial m>ket outlook4  7,f7 ,a        
comp>ison ( s+le-phase & #b-phase       
direct-to-*ip to s+le-phase & #b-phase  
imm]sion cool+ across d5sity b&s1       
includ+ relat+ to !rmal p]=mance1       
ma9ta9ability1 int]op]ability1 safety1  
failure modes1 & lifecycle co/4  7,g7   
,an evaluation (-- 7i7 coolant options1 
includ+ wat]1 wat]-glycol1 & eng9e]$    
fluids2  7ii7 mat]ials compatibility2   

7iii7 corrosion control2  7iv7 biogr[?  
mitigation2  7v7 filtration2  7vi7      
de-a]ation2  7vii7 fluid monitor+ &     
managem5t2  7viii7 s+le-phase & #b-phase
 eng9e]$ fluids2  7ix7 te/+ = total     
!rmal p]=mance2  7x7 heat transf]       
capacity2 &  7xi7 en]gy effici5cy4  7,h7
 ,developm5t ( ref]5ce ar*itectures &   
lay\ts = rack1 r[1 & room-level liquid  
di/ribution by d5sity b& & cool+        
approa*4  7,i7 ,a survey ( exi/+        
opportunities = reus+ wa/e heat produc$ 
by data c5t]s4  7,j7 ,an evaluation (   
failure sc5>ios 7su* z pump failures or 
fluid leaks7 & mitigation /rategies1    
especially 9 %>$ colocation environm5ts4
  7,k7 ,recomm5dations ( ! ,comptroll]  
,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates relat+ to-- 7i7
 :e!r liquid cool+ %\ld be consid]$ z a 
prim>y cool+ option ov] air cool+ due to
 ! !rmal conditions ( comput+ compon5ts 
9 s]v]s )9 data c5t]s2  7ii7 !          
utilization & ongo+ rese>* by ! ,f$]al  
,gov]nm5t ( liquid cool+ te*nologies2   
7iii7 be/ practices & indu/ry /&>ds = ! 

design & op]ation ( liquid cool+        
te*nologies2  7iv7 me?ods to enhance !  
security1 reliability1 & resili5ce (    
comput+ equipm5t & data c5t]s2 &  7v7   
me?ods to accel]ate education on        
op]ational be/ practices4  7#c7         
,/akehold] input ,= purposes ( recomm5d+
 ! be/ practices & indu/ry /&>ds        
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77,k77iii71 !    
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
%all consult ) /akehold]s f ,f$]al1     
,/ate1 & local gov]nm5ts1 ! private     
sector1 academia1 & ,national           
,laboratories4  7#d7 ,liquid cool+      
advisory organization  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
,secret>y ( ,en]gy & ! ,comptroll]      
,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all e/abli% an
 advisory committee to consult &        
coord9ate ) 9 ! prep>ation ( ! review "u
 p>agraph 7#b74  7,b7 ,memb]s ,!        
advisory committee e/abli%$ "u          
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all consi/ (-- 7i7    
int]e/$ p>ties :o-- 7,i7 h exp]tise 9   
liquid cool+ sy/em applications 9 !     
developm5t1 op]ation1 & functionality ( 

,,ai factories or data c5t]s1 in=mation 
te*nology equipm5t1 or s(tw>e2 &  7,,ii7
 may be memb]s ( liquid cool+ indu/ry   
organizations2 &  7ii7 repres5tatives ( 
h>dw>e manufactur]s1 data c5t] op]ators1
 fluid produc]s1 or ,,ai factory        
developm5t4  7,c7 ,consultation ,!      
advisory committee e/abli%$ "u          
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all consult ) relevant
 /akehold]s1 includ+ ! ,dep>tm5t (      
,en]gy1 ! ,national ,laboratories1 & any
 college1 univ]sity1 rese>* in/itution1 
indu/ry association1 company1 or public 
int]e/ gr\p ) applicable exp]tise 9 any 
( ! subject matt]s areas describ$ 9     
subp>agraph 7,c74  7,d7 ,t]m9ation ,!   
advisory committee e/abli%$ "u          
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all t]m9ate on ! date 
on :i* ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy submits a   
report & any recomm5dations "u          
subsection 7e74  7d7 ,report ,n lat] ?an
 #ij days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is  
,act1 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates %all submit to ! ,secret>y (     
,en]gy & ! appropriate congressional    

committees a report conta9+ ! results1  
f9d+s1 & any associat$ recomm5dations ( 
! review requir$ "u subsection 7c74  7e7
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy review ,n lat] ?an  
#ahj days aft] receiv+ ! report f !     
,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u 
subsection 7d71 ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy    
%all submit to ! appropriate            
congressional committees an assessm5t ( 
! report & any associat$ recomm5dations1
 includ+-- 7#a7 relevant consid]ations =
 ,congress reg>d+ ! importance ( liquid 
cool+ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ma9ta9 its   
global lead 9 ,,ai te*nologies2 &  7#b7 
recomm5dations = rese>* & developm5t on 
liquid cool+ & heat-reuse4