,,ii #aaith ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #cjaf ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,october #af1 #bjbe ,mr4 ,cruz 7for himself and ,mr4 ,heinrich7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to require the ,secretary of ,energy to study new technologies and opportunities for recycling spent nuclear fuel4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,advancing ,research in ,nuclear ,fuel ,recycling ,act of #bjbe4 #b4 ,study on new technologies to recycle spent nuclear fuel 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,national laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given the term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 7#b7 ,nuclear waste ,the term nuclear waste means spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste 7as defined in section #b of the ,nuclear ,waste ,policy ,act of #aihb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja774 7#c7 ,recycling ,the term recycling means the recovery of valuable radionuclides1 including fissile materials1 from nuclear waste1 and any subsequent processes1 such as enrichment and fuel fabrication1 necessary for reuse in nuclear reactors or other commercial applications4 7#d7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7#e7 ,spent nuclear fuel ,the term spent nuclear fuel has the meaning given the term in section #b of the ,nuclear ,waste ,policy ,act of #aihb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja74 7b7 ,study ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary1 acting through the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy1 shall carry out a study-- 7#a7 to analyze the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks1 including proliferation1 of using dedicated recycling facilities to convert spent nuclear fuel1 including spent high-assay low-enriched uranium fuel1 into useable nuclear fuels1 such as those for-- 7,a7 commercial light water reactors2 7,b7 advanced nuclear reactors2 and 7,c7 medical1 space-based1 advanced-battery1 and other non-reactor applications1 as determined by the ,secretary2 7#b7 7,a7 to analyze the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks of recycling spent nuclear fuel1 which is taken from temporary storage sites throughout the ,united ,states1 and using it as fuel or input for advanced nuclear reactors1 existing reactors1 or commercial applications2 7,b7 to compare such practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks of recycling spent nuclear fuel with the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks of the once-through fuel cycle1 including temporary and permanent storage requirements2 and 7,c7 to analyze the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks of aqueous 7such as ,,purex and the derivatives of ,,purex7 recycling processes with the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risk of non-aqueous 7such as pyro-electrochemistry7 recycling processes2 7#c7 to analyze the technical and economic feasibility of utilizing nuclear waste processing to extract certain isotopes needed for domestic and international use1 including medical1 industrial1 space-based power source1 and advanced-battery applications2 7#d7 to analyze the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 risks1 and potential approaches for coupling or collocating recycling facilities with other pertinent facilities1 such as advanced nuclear reactors 7that can use the recycled fuel71 interim storage1 and fuel-fabrication facilities1 including through-- 7,a7 relevant analyses1 such as capital and operating cost estimates1 public-private partnerships to encourage investment1 infrastructure requirements1 timeline to full-scale commercial deployment1 and distinguishing characteristics or requirements of such facilities2 7,b7 input from interested private technology developers and relevant assumptions regarding cost2 and 7,c7 comparison with the practicability1 potential benefits1 costs1 and risks of the once-through fuel cycle1 including temporary and permanent storage requirements2 7#e7 to identify parties1 including individuals1 communities1 businesses1 and local and ,tribal governments1 that are impacted economically1 or through health1 safety1 or environmental risks1 by the current practice of indefinite temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel1 and assess potential risks and benefits for those parties should spent nuclear fuel be removed from their sites for the purposes of nuclear waste recycling2 7#f7 to assess different approaches for siting and sizing nuclear waste recycling facilities1 including a centralized national facility1 regional facilities1 on-site facilities where spent nuclear fuel is currently stored1 and on-site facilities where newly recycled fuel can be used by an on-site reactor1 and recommend one or more approaches that consider environmental1 transportation1 infrastructure1 capital1 and other risks2 7#g7 to identify tracking and accountability methods for new recycled fuel and radioactive waste streams for byproducts of the recycling process2 7#h7 7,a7 to identify any regulatory gaps related to nuclear waste management and recycling1 including accuracy and consistency of relevant definitions for radioactive waste 7including high-level radioactive waste1 spent nuclear fuel1 low-level radioactive waste1 reprocessing1 recycling1 and vitrification7 and classifications of radioactive waste that exist in ,federal law on the date of enactment of this ,act2 7,b7 to compare such definitions to those used by other nations that manage radioactive waste2 and 7,c7 to make recommendations for modernizing such definitions2 and 7#i7 to evaluate-- 7,a7 potential ,federal and ,state-level policy changes to support development and deployment of recycling and waste-utilizing reactor technologies2 and 7,b7 impacts of spent nuclear fuel recycling on requirements for domestic nuclear waste storage4 7c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary1 acting through the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy1 shall submit to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate1 the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives1 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives1 and the ,committee on ,natural ,resources of the ,house of ,representatives1 a report that complies with each of the following3 7#a7 ,describes the results of the study carried out under subsection 7b74 7#b7 ,is released to the public4 7#c7 ,totals not more than #abj pages 7excluding ,front ,matter1 ,references1 and ,appendices7 written and formatted to facilitate review by a nonspecialist readership1 including the following sections3 7,a7 ,a ,front ,matter section that includes a cover page with identifying information1 tables of contents1 figures1 and tables4 7,b7 ,an ,executive ,summary section4 7,c7 ,an ,introductory section that includes a historical overview that also explains why recycling is not performed in the ,united ,states today1 such as economic1 political1 or technological obstacles4 7,d7 ,results and ,findings sections that summarize the results and findings of the study carried out under subsection 7b74 7,e7 ,a ,key ,remaining ,challenges and ,barriers section that identifies key technical and nontechnical 7such as economic7 challenges and barriers that need to be addressed to enable scale-up and commercial adoption of spent nuclear fuel recycling1 with preference given to secure1 proliferation resistant1 environmentally safe1 and economical recycling methods4 7,f7 ,a ,policy ,recommendations section that-- 7i7 lists policy recommendations to address remaining technical and nontechnical 7such as economic7 challenges and barriers to enable scale-up and commercial adoption of spent nuclear fuel recycling1 including with government support2 7ii7 contrasts the potential benefits and risks of each policy2 and 7iii7 compares benefits to current or past policies4 7,g7 ,an ,other section in which other relevant information may be added4 7,h7 ,a ,references section4 7,i7 ,an ,appendices section4