,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bhci  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #ag          
7legislative day1 ,septemb] #af71       
#bjbe,ms4 ,cortez ,ma/o 7= h]self & ,mr4
 ,hag]ty7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on 
,f9ance  ,a ,,bill  ,to provide = !     
e/abli%m5t ( a ,critical ,m9]als        
,security ,alliance1 & = o!r purposes4  
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,re/or+ ,am]ican ,m9]al ,security ,act
 ( #bjbe4  #b4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !
 s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 a reliable   
supply *a9 ( critical m9]als is ess5tial
 to meet ! def5se1 manufactur+1 & en]gy 
ne$s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 z ( ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,unit$      
,/ates is heavily dep5d5t on ! ,p's     
,republic ( ,*9a = ! production &       
process+ ( _m key critical m9]als2  7#c7
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a  
has display$ a will+ness to weaponize   
its dom9ance ( critical m9]al production
 & has int5tionally creat$ ov]capacity &

 sold products at bel[-m>ket rates 9    
ord] to ga9 m>ket %>e & move up ! value 
*a92  7#d7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ use trade
 tools to combat ^? non-m>ket policies &
 practices1 & ! use ( trade tools is mo/
 effective :5 und]tak5 9 coord9ation )  
trad+ p>tn]s2 &  7#e7 by build+ an      
alliance ( tru/$ trad+ p>tn]s1 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates c combat ! ov]supply & m>ket     
manipulation ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a &
 promote ! gr[? ( a robu/ dome/ic ,unit$
 ,/ates critical m9]als indu/ry4  #c4   
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7           
,appropriate congressional committees ,!
 t]m appropriate congressional          
committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on 
,f9ance ( ! ,s5ate2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee
 on ,ways & ,means ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives4  7#b7 ,critical m9]al  
,! t]m critical m9]al means any m9]al-- 
7,a7 on ! li/ ( critical m9]als requir$ 
by p>agraph 7#c7 ( section #gjjb7;c7 ( !
 ,en]gy ,act ( #bjbj 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4     
#afjf7;c77 on ,janu>y #a1 #bjbf2 or     
7,b7 add$ to t li/ aft] ,janu>y #a1     

#bjbf4  7#c7 ,d]ivative product ,! t]m  
d]ivative product-- 7,a7 means a good t 
incorporates a critical m9]al2 &  7,b7  
includes-- 7i7 a semi-f9i%$ good1 su* z 
a semiconductor waf]1 anode1 or ca?ode2 
&  7ii7 a f9al product1 su* z a p]man5t 
magnet1 motor1 electric vehicle1 batt]y1
 sm>tphone1 microprocessor1 rad> sy/em1 
w9d turb9e or a compon5t ( a w9d turb9e1
 or advanc$ optical device4  7#d7 ,=eign
 c\ntry ( conc]n ,! t]m =eign c\ntry (  
conc]n-- 7,a7 has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9  
section #iija ( ! ,william ,m4 7,mac7   
,?ornb]ry ,national ,def5se             
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjba 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dfea72 &  7,b7 includes 
,v5ezuela4  7#e7 ,=eign entity ( conc]n 
,! t]m =eign entity ( conc]n means an   
entity t is organiz$ "u ! laws (1 or    
o!rwise subject to ! jurisdiction (1 a  
=eign c\ntry ( conc]n4  7#f7 ,process$  
,! t]m process$1 ) respect to a critical
 m9]al1 means ! m9]al has und]gone !    
activities t occur aft] critical m9]al  
ore is extract$ f a m9e up ?r\gh its    

conv]sion into a metal1 metal p[d]1 or a
 ma/] alloy4  7#g7 ,select d]ivative    
product ,! t]m select d]ivative product 
means a p]man5t magnet1 a li?ium-ion    
batt]y = an electrical vehicle1 a       
li?ium-ion batt]y = a vehicle t is n an 
electrical vehicle1 or a "p = a batt]y t
 is n a li?ium-ion batt]y4  7#h7 ,trade 
,repres5tative ,! t]m ,trade            
,repres5tative means ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,trade ,repres5tative4  #d4 ,critical   
,m9]als ,security ,alliance  7a7        
,au?orization = negotiations  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,! ,trade ,repres5tative may ent] 
into negotiations ) c\ntries to ent]    
into an alliance1 to be kn[n z !        
,critical ,m9]als ,security ,alliance 79
 ?is section ref]r$ to z ! ,alliance71  
to e/abli% a reliable supply *a9 (      
critical m9]als4  7#b7 ,consultations   
,:ile conduct+ negotiations "u p>agraph 
7#a71 ! ,trade ,repres5tative %all      
consult ) ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 !     
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 & ! ,secret>y (
 ,/ate4  7b7 ,eligibility crit]ia ,a    

c\ntry is eligible to ent] into !       
,alliance if ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry      
agrees-- 7#a7 to increase ! rates ( duty
 ! c\ntry *>ges = m9$ & process$        
critical m9]als & select d]ivative      
products s\rc$ f =eign c\ntries ( conc]n
 & =eign entities ( conc]n to rates t   
are n less ?an ! rates ( duty = m9$ &   
process$ critical m9]als & select       
d]ivative products1 respectively1 s\rc$ 
f ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a impos$ by !   
,unit$ ,/ates pursuant to section #cja (
 ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4   
#bdaa7 & 9 effect on ,janu>y #a1 #bjbf2 
7#b7 to meet & p>ticipate 9 regul>      
meet+s ( ! ,alliance2  7#c7 to          
cont9ually review ! capacity ( ! c\ntry 
to extract & process critical m9]als &  
%>e ! results ( ^? reviews ) o!r        
c\ntries t are memb]s ( ! ,alliance2    
7#d7 to elim9ate duties on imports ( m9$
 & process$ critical m9]als & select    
d]ivative products f c\ntries t are     
memb]s ( ! ,alliance 7o!r ?an antidump+ 
& c\nt]vail+ duties impos$ "u title     

,,vii ( ! ,t>iff ,act ( #aicj 7#ai      
,u4,s4,c4 #afga et seq4772 &  7#e7 to   
take actions t are complem5t>y to !     
actions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to address    
unfair trade policies ( a c\ntry t is n 
a memb] ( ! ,alliance1 includ+ actions--
 7,a7 to address ! pot5tial illicit     
%ipm5t ( critical m9]als & d]ivative    
products1 specifically trans%ipm5t t is 
int5d$ to circumv5t duties1 evade cu/oms
 en=cem5t1 or obfuscate ! orig9 (       
products produc$ 9 :ole or 9 "p ) =c$   
labor2  7,b7 to e/abli% or ma9ta9 robu/ 
inve/m5t scre5+ me*anisms1 includ+ =    
scre5+ inve/m5ts 9 entities t produce   
critical m9]als & d]ivative products2 & 
7,c7 to ensure effective trade rem$ies  
aga9/ imports ( critical m9]als &       
d]ivative products s\rc$ f =eign        
c\ntries ( conc]n or =eign entities (   
conc]n4  7c7 ,engagem5t2 implem5tation  
,! ,trade ,repres5tative-- 7#a7 %all    
engage ) c\ntries t are trad+ p>tn]s ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & enc\rage ^? c\ntries to
 take ! measures necess>y to comply ) ! 

eligibility crit]ia describ$ 9          
subsection 7b72 &  7#b7 may all[ su* a  
c\ntry-- 7,a7 to phase 91 ov] a p]iod ( 
n m ?an #e ye>s1 ! increases 9 ! rates (
 duty describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a72 or 
7,b7 in/ead ( increases to su* rates1 to
 adopt measures comp>able to1 or great] 
9 effect ?an1 ! trade rem$ies available 
"u title ,,iii ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd  
7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #bdaa et seq471 su* z    
prohibitions or quotas on ! importation 
into ! c\ntry ( m9$ & process$ critical 
m9]als & select d]ivative products s\rc$
 f =eign c\ntries ( conc]n & =eign      
entities ( conc]n4  7d7 ,c]tifications (
 eligibility  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,if ! ,trade
 ,repres5tative det]m9es t a c\ntry     
complies ) ! eligibility crit]ia        
describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 ! ,trade     
,repres5tative %all c]tify to !         
appropriate congressional committees t !
 c\ntry is eligible = admittance into ! 
,alliance4  7#b7 ,notice ,! submission (
 a c]tification "u p>agraph 7#a7 )      
respect to a c\ntry %all be consid]$    

notice ( ! int5tion ( ! ,trade          
,repres5tative to ent] into an agreem5t 
provid+ = ! admittance ( ! c\ntry 9 !   
,alliance = purposes ( subsection 7i74  
7e7 ,negotiat+ objectives ,9 conduct+   
negotiations "u subsection 7a7 = an     
agreem5t to e/abli% ! ,alliance1 !      
,trade ,repres5tative %all include 9 !  
agreem5t provisions to e/abli% a        
reliable supply *a9 =-- 7#a7 n less ?an 
#ij p]c5t ( ! critical m9]als on ! li/  
requir$ by section #gjjb7;c77#a7 ( !    
,en]gy ,act ( #bjbj 7#cj ,u4,s4,c4      
#afjf7;c77#a772 &  7#b7 #ajj p]c5t (    
select d]ivative products4  7f7 ,entry  
into =ce ,an agreem5t = ! admittance ( a
 c\ntry into ! ,alliance may ent] into  
=ce if-- 7#a7 a jo9t resolution (       
approval is enact$ into law "u          
subsection 7i7 aft] ! submission ( a    
c]tification t ! c\ntry is eligible =   
admittance into ! ,alliance "u          
subsection 7d72 or  7#b7 a p]iod ( #ij  
days has elaps$ aft] ! submission ( a   
c]tification t ! c\ntry is eligible =   

admittance into ! ,alliance "u          
subsection 7d7 & a jo9t resolution (    
disapproval is n enact$ into law "u     
subsection 7i7 dur+ t #ij-;day p]iod4   
7g7 ,duty-,free treatm5t aft] entry into
 =ce ,^u ! entry into =ce ( an agreem5t 
provid+ = ! admittance ( a c\ntry into !
 ,alliance1 m9$ & process$ critical     
m9]als & select d]ivative products      
import$ f ! c\ntry %all-- 7#a7 ent] !   
,unit$ ,/ates free ( duty2 &  7#b7 be   
exempt f any duties impos$ "u section   
#cja ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai       
,u4,s4,c4 #bdaa7 or section #bcb ( !    
,trade ,expansion ,act ( #aifb 7#ai     
,u4,s4,c4 #ahfb7 on or aft] ! date (    
entry into =ce ( ! agreem5t4  7h7       
,modifications to agreem5ts ,a          
modification to an agreem5t provid+ = ! 
admittance ( a c\ntry into ! ,alliance  
%all take effect if-- 7#a7 ! ,trade     
,repres5tative submits to ! appropriate 
congressional committees notice ( !     
int5tion ( ! ,trade ,repres5tative to   
agree to ! modification2 &  7#b7 7,a7 a 

jo9t resolution ( approval is enact$    
into law "u subsection 7h7 aft] !       
submission ( t notice2 or  7,b7 a p]iod 
( #ij days has elaps$ aft] ! submission 
( t notice & a jo9t resolution (        
disapproval is n enact$ into law "u     
subsection 7h7 dur+ t #ij-;day p]iod4   
7i7 ,jo9t resolutions  7#a7 ,def9itions 
,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7 ,cov]$ action ,!
 t]m cov]$ action means-- 7i7 ! entry   
into an agreem5t provid+ = ! admittance 
( a c\ntry into ! ,alliance2 or  7ii7 a 
modification to su* an agreem5t4  7,b7  
,cov]$ jo9t resolution ,! t]m cov]$ jo9t
 resolution means a jo9t resolution (   
approval or a jo9t resolution (         
disapproval4  7,c7 ,jo9t resolution (   
approval ,! t]m jo9t resolution (       
approval means a jo9t resolution ! sole 
matt] aft] ! resolv+ clause ( :i* is !  
foll[+3 ,t ,congress approves ! cov]$   
action relat+ to 1 notice ( :i* 0       
submitt$ to ,congress on  "u section #d 
( ! ,re/or+ ,am]ican ,m9]al ,security   
,act ( #bjbe41 ) ! fir/ blank space be+ 

fill$ ) a brief description ( ! cov]$   
action & ! second blank space be+ fill$ 
) ! appropriate date4  7,d7 ,jo9t       
resolution ( disapproval ,! t]m jo9t    
resolution ( disapproval means a jo9t   
resolution ! sole matt] aft] ! resolv+  
clause ( :i* is ! foll[+3 ,t ,congress  
does n approve ! cov]$ action relat+ to 
1 notice ( :i* 0 submitt$ to ,congress  
on  "u section #d ( ! ,re/or+ ,am]ican  
,m9]al ,security ,act ( #bjbe41 ) ! fir/
 blank space be+ fill$ ) a brief        
description ( ! cov]$ action & ! second 
blank space be+ fill$ ) ! appropriate   
date4  7#b7 ,introduction ,a cov]$ jo9t 
resolution may be introduc$ 9 ! ,s5ate  
or ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives by any     
,memb] ( ! ,s5ate or ! ,h\se1           
respectively4  7#c7 ,consid]ation ,!    
provisions ( subsections 7b7 ?r\gh 7f7 (
 section #aeb ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd   
7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #baib7 %all apply to a   
cov]$ jo9t resolution to ! same ext5t & 
9 ! same mann] z su* subsections apply  
to resolutions describ$ 9 su* section   

#aeb4  7#d7 ,rules ( s5ate & h\se (     
repres5tatives ,?is subsection is enact$
 by ,congress-- 7,a7 z an ex]cise ( !   
rulemak+ p[] ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,h\se (     
,repres5tatives1 respectively1 & z su*  
is deem$ a "p ( ! rules ( ea* ,h\se1    
respectively1 b applicable only )       
respect to ! proc$ure to be foll[$ 9 t  
,h\se 9 ! case ( a jo9t resolution "u   
?is subsection1 & sup]s$es o!r rules    
only to ! ext5t t x is inconsi/5t ) su* 
rules2 &  7,b7 ) full recognition ( !   
con/itutional "r ( ei!r ,h\se to *ange !
 rules 7s f> z relat+ to ! proc$ure ( t 
,h\se7 at any "t1 9 ! same mann]1 & to !
 same ext5t z 9 ! case ( any o!r rule ( 
t ,h\se4  7j7 ,reviews by ,unit$ ,/ates 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] !
 entry into =ce ( ! fir/ agreem5t       
provid+ = ! admittance ( a c\ntry into !
 ,alliance1 & e #e ye>s !reaft] :ile !  
,alliance rema9s 9 effect1 ! ,trade     
,repres5tative1 9 consultation ) ! heads
 ( relevant ,f$]al ag5cies1 %all-- 7,a7 
review ! capacity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to  

extract & process critical m9]als to    
det]m9e :e!r x is appropriate to t]m9ate
 or modify ! ,alliance2 &  7,b7 if      
comm]cially significant quantities ( a  
critical m9]al are produc$ 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 consid] seek+ ! removal ( t     
critical m9]al f ! products cov]$ by !  
,alliance4  7#b7 ,fir/ review ,z "p ( ! 
fir/ review conduct$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 !
 ,trade ,repres5tative %all assess !    
feasibility & advisability (-- 7,a7     
exp&+ ! scope ( products cov]$ by !     
,alliance to include d]ivative products2
 or  7,b7 o!rwise exp&+ or re/rict+ !   
scope ( products cov]$ by ! ,alliance4  
7#c7 ,review ( duty rates ,z "p ( ea*   
review conduct$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 !     
,trade ,repres5tative %all assess :e!r  
c\ntries t are memb]s ( ! ,alliance %\ld
 adju/ ! rates ( duty impos$ on m9$ &   
process$ critical m9]als t are s\rc$ f  
=eign c\ntries ( conc]n or =eign        
entities ( conc]n4  7k7 ,annual reports 
,n lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & annually !reaft]1

 ! ,trade ,repres5tative %all submit to 
! appropriate congressional committees a
 report t includes-- 7#a7 a description 
( engagem5t ) c\ntries t are trad+      
p>tn]s "u subsection 7c72  7#b7 )       
respect to ea* su* c\ntry t ! ,trade    
,repres5tative det]m9es does n meet !   
eligibility crit]ia "u subsection 7b71 a
 detail$ description ( ! defici5cies ( !
 gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry 9 comply+ ) !      
crit]ia2 &  7#c7 ! in=mation provid$ by 
c\ntries t are memb]s ( ! ,alliance )   
respect to _! capacity to extract &     
process critical m9]als4  #e4 ,increase 
9 duties on imports ( m9$ & process$    
critical m9]als & select d]ivative      
products f =eign c\ntries & entities (  
conc]n ,^u ! entry into =ce ( ! fir/    
agreem5t provid+ = ! admittance ( a     
c\ntry into ! ,alliance "u section #d1  
m9$ & process$ critical m9]als & select 
d]ivative products import$ into ! ,unit$
 ,/ates & s\rc$ f a =eign c\ntry (      
conc]n or =eign entity ( conc]n %all be 
subject to ! rate ( duty 9 effect on    

,janu>y #a1 #bjbf1 & applicable to su*  
products s\rc$ f ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a
 pursuant to section #cja ( ! ,trade    
,act ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #bdaa74  #f4
 ,tru/ fund to support ,unit$ ,/ates    
critical m9]al m9+ & process+ projects  
7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ( tru/ fund ,!re is     
e/abli%$ 9 ! ,treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 a tru/ fund1 consi/+ (-- 7#a7 am\nts   
transf]r$ to ! tru/ fund "u subsection  
7b72 &  7#b7 any am\nts t may be cr$it$ 
to ! tru/ fund "u subsection 7c74  7b7  
,transf] ( am\nts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,= !   
fir/ fiscal ye> 9 :i* a c\ntry has be5  
admitt$ to ! ,critical ,m9]als ,security
 ,alliance "u section #d & ea* fiscal   
ye> !reaft] dur+ :i* ! ,alliance rema9s 
9 effect1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury %all
 transf] to ! tru/ fund e/abli%$ "u     
subsection 7a71 f ! g5]al fund ( !      
,treasury1 an am\nt equival5t to ! am\nt
 receiv$ into ! g5]al fund dur+ t fiscal
 ye> & attributable to duties collect$  
on m9$ & process$ critical m9]als       
import$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7     

,frequ5cy ( transf]s ,! ,secret>y %all  
transf] am\nts requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 
to ! tru/ fund e/abli%$ "u subsection   
7a7 n less frequ5tly ?an qu>t]ly4  7c7  
,inve/m5t ( am\nts  7#a7 ,inve/m5t (    
am\nts ,! ,secret>y %all inve/ su*      
portion ( ! tru/ fund e/abli%$ "u       
subsection 7a7 z is n requir$ to meet   
curr5t )drawals 9 int]e/-be>+           
obligations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 9      
obligations gu>ante$ z to bo? pr9cipal &
 int]e/ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7       
,int]e/ & proce$s ,! int]e/ on1 & !     
proce$s f ! sale or r$emption (1 any    
obligations held 9 ! tru/ fund e/abli%$ 
"u subsection 7a7 %all be cr$it$ to & =m
 a "p ( ! tru/ fund4  7d7 ,availability 
( am\nts 9 tru/ fund  7#a7 ,9 g5]al     
,am\nts 9 ! tru/ fund e/abli%$ "u       
subsection 7a7 %all be available1 )\t   
fur!r appropriation1 z foll[s3 7,a7 #fj 
p]c5t ( su* am\nts %all be available to 
! ,loan ,programs ,(fice ( ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,en]gy = activities to support projects
 relat+ to-- 7i7 m9+ or process+        

critical m9]als2 or  7ii7 manufactur+ ( 
select d]ivative products4  7,b7 #bj    
p]c5t ( su* am\nts %all be available to 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se = activities to   
support projects relat+ to-- 7i7 m9+ or 
process+ critical m9]als2 or  7ii7      
manufactur+ ( select d]ivative products4
  7,c7 #bj p]c5t ( su* am\nts %all be   
available to ! ,unit$ ,/ates            
,int]national ,developm5t ,f9ance       
,corporation to support int]national    
critical m9]al projects 9 c\ntries t are
 memb]s ( ! ,alliance4  7#b7 ,rule (    
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection      
precludes a p]son f seek+ support = a   
project "u bo? subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 
( p>agraph 7#a74  7e7 ,exception f c]ta9
 limitation "u ,,build ,act ( #bjah     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,= purposes ( provid+     
support = projects "u subsection        
7d77#b7-- 7,a7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates          
,int]national ,developm5t ,f9ance       
,corporation may provide support =      
projects 9 c\ntries ) upp]-middle-income
 economies or high-income economies 7z  

^? t]ms are def9$ by ! ,_w ,bank72  7,b7
 ! re/riction "u section #adab7;c77#b7 (
 ! ,bett] ,utilization ( ,inve/m5ts     
,lead+ to ,developm5t ,act ( #bjah 7#bb 
,u4,s4,c4 #ifab7;c77#b77 %all n apply2 &
  7,c7 ! ,corporation %all re/rict !    
provision ( su* support 9 a c\ntry      
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 unless !    
,presid5t c]tifies to ! appropriate     
committees ( ,congress t-- 7i7 su*      
support fur!rs ! national economic or   
=eign policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 
7ii7 su* support is-- 7,i7 design$ to   
produce significant developm5tal        
outcomes or provide developm5tal b5efits
 to ! poore/ population ( t c\ntry2 or  
7,,ii7 necess>y to preempt or c\nt]     
ef=ts by a /rategic competitor ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to secure significant     
political or economic lev]age or acquire
 national security-s5sitive te*nologies 
or infra/ructure 9 a c\ntry t is an ally
 or p>tn] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7iii7   
7,i7 a ,unit$ ,/ates entity is          
p>ticipat+ 9 ! project = :i* ! support  

is provid$2 or  7,,ii7 n less ?an #ej   
p]c5t ( ! critical m9]als produc$ by !  
project w be (f]$ = sale to ! ,dep>tm5t 
( ,def5se & ,unit$ ,/ates entities be=e 
be+ (f]$ = sale to o!r entities4  7#b7  
,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7     
,appropriate committees ( ,congress ,!  
t]m appropriate committees ( ,congress  
means-- 7i7 ! ,committee on ,=eign      
,relations & ! ,committee on ,f9ance ( !
 ,s5ate2 &  7ii7 ! ,committee on ,=eign 
,affairs & ! ,committee on ,ways &      
,means ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4     
7,b7 ,less develop$ c\ntry ,! t]m less  
develop$ c\ntry has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9
 section #adjb ( ! ,bett] ,utilization (
 ,inve/m5ts ,lead+ to ,developm5t ,act (
 #bjah 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ifja74  7,c7     
,unit$ ,/ates entity ,! t]m ,unit$      
,/ates entity means an entity organiz$  
"u ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any      
jurisdiction )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4