,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bgeb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #aj1         
#bjbe,mr4 ,k5n$y introduc$ ! foll[+     
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,=eign ,relations  ,a     
,,bill  ,to require a full review ( !   
bilat]al relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$    
,/ates & ,s\? ,africa4  #a4 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,u4,s4-,s\?   
,africa ,bilat]al ,relations ,review    
,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !      
foll[+3 7#a7 ,! actions ( ! ,african    
,national ,congress 7,,anc71 :i* s9ce   
#aiid has held a gov]n+ majority &      
controll$ ,s\? ,africa's executive      
bran*1 are inconsi/5t ) its publicly    
/at$ policy ( nonalignm5t 9 int]national
 affairs4  7#b7 ,9 contra/ to its /at$  
/ance ( nonalignm5t1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,s\? 
,africa has a hi/ory ( sid+ ) malign    
actors1 includ+ ,hamas1 a ,unit$        
,/ates-designat$ ,=eign ,t]rori/        
,organization & a proxy ( ! ,iranian    
regime1 & cont9ues to pursue clos] ties 

) ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 7,,prc7 & !   
,russian ,f$]ation4  7#c7 ,! ,gov]nm5t (
 ,s\? ,africa's support ( ,hamas dates  
back to #aiid1 :5 ! ,,anc fir/ came into
 p[]1 tak+ a h>dl9e /ance ( consi/5tly  
accus+ ,israel ( practic+ ap>!id4  7#d7 
,foll[+ ,hamas' unprovok$ & unprec$5t$  
horr5d\s attack on ,israel on ,octob]   
#g1 #bjbc1 :]e ,hamas t]rori/s kill$ &  
kidnapp$ hundr$s ( ,israelis1 memb]s ( !
 ,gov]nm5t ( ,s\? ,africa & lead]s ( !  
,,anc h deliv]$ a v>iety ( antisemitic &
 anti-,israel-relat$ /atem5ts & actions1
 includ+-- 7,a7 on ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1   
,s\? ,africa's ,=eign ,m9i/ry releas$ a 
/atem5t express+ conc]n ( escalat+      
viol5ce1 urg+ ,israel's re/ra9t 9       
response1 & implicitly blam+ ,israel =  
provok+ ! attack ?r\gh cont9u$ illegal  
occupation ( ,pale/9e l&1 cont9u$       
settlem5t expansion1 desecration ( ! ,al
 ,aqsa ,mosque & ,*ri/ian holy sites1 & 
ongo+ oppression ( ! ,pale/9ian p2  7,b7
 on ,octob] #h1 #bjbc1 ! ,,anc's        
national spokesp]son1 ,mahl5gi          

,bh5gu-,motsiri1 said ( ! deva/at+      
,hamas attack1 ! decision by ,pale/9ians
 to respond to ! brutality ( ! settl]   
,israeli ap>!id regime is unsurpris+2   
7,c7 on ,octob] #ad1 #bjbc1 ,presid5t   
,cyril ,ramaphosa ( ,s\? ,africa accus$ 
,israel ( g5ocide 9 /atem5ts dur+ a     
pro-,pale/9ian rally2  7,d7 on ,octob]  
#ag1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign ,m9i/] 
,nal$i ,p&or accept$ a call ) ,hamas    
,lead] ,ismail ,haniyeh2  7,e7 on       
,octob] #bb1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign
 ,m9i/] ,nal$i ,p&or visit$ ,tehran &   
met ) ,presid5t ,raisi ( ! ,islamic     
,republic ( ,iran1 :i* is actively fund+
 ,hamas2  7,f7 on ,novemb] #g1 #bjbc1 9 
a p>liam5t>y address ,=eign ,m9i/] ,p&or
 call$ = ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt 
to *>ge ,israeli ,prime ,m9i/] ,b5jam9  
,netanyahu ) w> crimes2  7,g7 on        
,novemb] #ag1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,africa1 along
 ) #d o!r c\ntries1 submitt$ a jo9t     
reque/ to ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt
 = an inve/igation into w> crimes be+   
committ$ 9 ! ,pale/9ian t]ritories2     

7,h7 on ,decemb] #e1 #bjbc1 ! ,,anc ho/$
 ?ree memb]s ( ,hamas 9 ,pretoria1      
includ+ ,khal$ ,qadd\mi1 ,hamas's       
repres5tative to ,iran1 & ,bassem ,naim1
 a memb] ( ,hamas's political bureau 9  
,gaza2  7,i7 on ,decemb] #bi1 #bjbc1    
,s\? ,africa fil$ a politically motivat$
 suit 9 ! ,int]national ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice 
wrongfully accus+ ,israel ( committ+    
g5ocide2  7,j7 ,s\? ,african ,=eign     
,m9i/] ,p&or1 :o-- 7i7 0 quot$ 9 ,m>*   
#bjbd z say+ t ,s\? ,africa w arre/     
,israeli-,s\? ,africans :o are fight+ 9 
! ,israeli ,def5se ,=ces ^u _! return   
home & c\ld /rip !m ( _! ,s\? ,african  
citiz5%ip2 &  7ii7 has implicitly       
enc\rag$ prote/s outside ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,embassy2  7,k7 on ,octob] #g1   
#bjbd1 ! ,,anc commemorat$ only !       
,pale/9ian lives lo/ to ,israel1 :ile   
accus+ ,israel ( g5ocide2  7,l7 9       
,octob] #bjbd1 ,s\? ,africa fil$ its    
,memorial to ! ,int]national ,c\rt (    
,ju/ice1 accus+ ,israel ( g5ocidal      
actions to depopulate ,gaza ?r\gh mass  

dea? & displacem5t2  7,m7 9 ,novemb]    
#bjbd1 ,s\? ,africa appo9t$ ,ebrahim    
,rasool z _! ,ambassador to ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 :o previ\sly ho/$ s5ior ,hamas  
(ficials to ,s\? ,africa :5 he 0 !      
,premi] ( ! ,we/]n ,cape &1 9 #bjbj1 0 a
 speak] at an annual ev5t ho/$ by !     
,iranian regime to celebrate            
,hezbollah's resi/ance aga9/ ,israel2 & 
7,n7 ! ,,anc's ongo+ attempt to r5ame ! 
/reet t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consulate 9    
,johannesburg is locat$ on z ,leila     
,khal$ ,drive1 includ+ a quote f ,,anc  
fir/ ,deputy ,secret>y ,g5]al ,nomvula  
,mokonyane /at+1 ,we want ! ,unit$      
,/ates ( ,am]ica embassy to *ange _!    
lett]head to ,numb] #a ,leila ,khal$    
,drive44  7#e7 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,s\?      
,africa has pursu$ increas+ly close     
relations ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian    
,f$]ation1 :i* has be5 accus$ (         
p]petrat+ w> crimes 9 ,ukra9e &         
indiscrim9ately und]m9es human rights4  
,s\? ,africa's robu/ relation%ip )      
,russia spans ! milit>y & political     

space1 includ+-- 7,a7 all[+ a ,unit$    
,/ates-sanction$ ,russian c>go %ip1 !   
,lady ,r1 to dock & transf] arms at a   
,s\? ,african naval base 9 ,decemb]     
#bjbb2  7,b7 ho/+ (f%ore naval ex]cises1
 entitl$ ,op]ation ,mosi ,,ii1 c>ri$ out
 jo9tly ) ! ,,prc & ,russia1 betwe5     
,febru>y #ag & #bg1 #bjbc1 correspond+ )
 ! #a-ye> anniv]s>y ( ,russia's         
unju/ifi$ & unprovok$ invasion (        
,ukra9e2  7,c7 au?oriz+ a ,unit$        
,/ates-sanction$ ,russian milit>y c>go  
airplane to l& at a ,s\? ,african ,air  
,=ce ,base2  7,d7 r5eg+ on its initial  
call = ! ,russian ,f$]ation to          
imm$iately )draw its =ces f ,ukra9e &   
actively seek+ improv$ relations )      
,mosc[ s9ce ,febru>y #bjbb2  7,e7       
dispat*+ multiple high-level (ficial    
delegations to ,russia to fur!r         
political1 intellig5ce1 & milit>y       
coop]ation2  7,f7 ,unit$ ,/ates         
sanction$ olig>* ,viktor ,vekselb]g     
donat+ #hbf1jjj to ! ,,anc 9 #bjbb2 &   
7,g7 ! ,,anc publi%+ an article 9 _!    

newspap]1 ,,anc ,today1 9 ,octob] #bjbd 
promot+ ,russian propag&a ab\t ! w> 9   
,ukra9e4  7#f7 ,int]actions betwe5 !    
,gov]nm5ts ( ,s\? ,africa1 ! ,p's       
,republic ( ,*9a1 & ,,anc int]actions ) 
! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty 7,,ccp71 :o are
 committ+ gross violations ( human      
rights 9 ! ,x9jiang prov9ce & implem5t  
economically co]cive tactics ar\nd !    
globe1 und]m9e ,s\? ,africa's democratic
 con/itutional sy/em ( gov]nance1 z     
exemplifi$ 9-- 7,a7 ongo+ ,,anc & ,,ccp 
int]p>ty coop]ation1 especially ) !     
fundam5tal incompatibility betwe5 !     
civil & democratic rights gu>ante$ 9    
,s\? ,africa's ,con/itution & ! ,,ccp's 
r\t9e suppression ( free expression &   
individual rights2  7,b7 ! recruitm5t ( 
=m] ,unit$ ,/ates & ,,nato fight] pilots
 to tra9 ,*9ese ,p's ,lib]ation ,army   
pilots at ! ,te/ ,fly+ ,academy ( ,s\?  
,africa1 :i* ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce add$
 to ! ,entity ,li/ on ,june #ab1 #bjbc2 
7,c7 ,s\? ,africa's ho/+ ( #f ,,prc     
,gov]nm5t-back$ & ,,ccp-l9k$ ,confucius 

,in/itutes1 a type ( entity t a ,,ccp   
(ficial *>act]iz$ z an important "p ( ! 
,,ccp's ext]nal propag&a /ructure1 ! mo/
 ( any c\ntry 9 ,africa2  7,d7 ,s\?     
,africa's p>ticipation 9 a political    
tra9+ s*ool op5$ 9 ,tanzania fund$ by ! 
,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty :]e x tra9s      
political memb]s ( ! rul+ lib]ation     
movem5ts 9 six ,s\? ,african c\ntries4  
,! s*ool in/ills ,,ccp ideology into !  
next-g5]ation ( ,african lead]s &       
attempts to export ! ,,ccp's sy/em (    
p>ty-run au?orit>ian gov]nance to !     
,african cont95t2  7,e7 coop]ation ) !  
,,prc "u ! ,,prc's global ,belt & ,road 
,initiative :i*1 :ile trade &           
infra/ructure-focus$1 is design$ to exp&
 ,,prc global economic1 political1 &    
security sector-relat$ influ5ce2  7,f7 !
 widespread pres5ce 9 ,s\? ,africa's    
m$ia & te*nology sectors ( ,,prc /ate   
l9k$ firms t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has        
re/rict$ due to ?reats to national      
security1 includ+ ,huawei ,te*nologies1 
,,zte & ,hikvision1 :i* place ,s\?      

,african sov]eignty at risk & facilitate
 ! ,,ccp's export ( its model (         
digitally aid$ au?orit>ian gov]nance    
und]p9n$ by cyb] controls1 social       
monitor+1 propag&a1 & surveillance2 &   
7,g7 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,s\? ,africa's cle>  
appeasem5t to ! ,,ccp 9 dem&+ t ,taiwan 
relocate its repres5tative (fice out (  
,pretoria & d[ngrade its /atus to t ( a 
trade (fice4  7#g7 ,! ,,anc-l$ ,gov]nm5t
 ( ,s\? ,africa has a hi/ory (          
sub/antially mismanag+ a range ( /ate   
res\rces & has (t5 prov5 incapable (    
effectively deliv]+ public s]vices1     
?reat5+ ! ,s\? ,african p & ! ,s\?      
,african economy1 z illu/rat$ by-- 7,a7 
,presid5t ,cyril ,ramaphosa's ,febru>y  
#i1 #bjbc1 decl>ation ( a national /ate 
( disa/] ov] ! wors5+1 multi-ye> p[]    
crisis caus$ by ! ,,anc's *ronic        
mismanagem5t ( ! /ate-own$ p[] company  
,eskom1 result+ f endemic1 high-level   
corruption2  7,b7 ! p]si/5ce ( ,s\?     
,african /ate-own$ railway company      
,transnet's insuffici5t capacity1 :i*   

has disrupt$ rail op]ations & h9d]$ m9+ 
companies' export ( iron ore1 coal1 &   
o!r commodities1 9 "p due to malfeasance
 & corruption by =m] ,transnet (ficials2
  7,c7 an ongo+ outbreak ( *ol]a1 ! wor/
 9 #ae ye>s1 :i* is due 9 "p to !       
,gov]nm5t ( ,s\? ,africa's disease      
prev5tion failures1 z ,presid5t         
,ramaphosa admitt$ on ,june #i1 #bjbc1  
includ+ a failure to provide clean wat] 
to h\seholds2 &  7,d7 rampant /ate      
capture1 t em]g$ & grew dur+ !          
adm9i/ration ( =m] ,presid5t ,jacob     
,zuma & has damag$ ,s\? ,africa's       
int]national /&+ & pr(\ndly und]m9$ !   
rule ( law1 cont9ues to negatively      
impact ! economic developm5t prospects &
 liv+ /&>ds ( ! ,s\? ,african p :ile    
deeply damag+ public tru/ 9 /ate        
gov]nance4  7#h7 ,9 ,novemb] #bjbd1 ,s\?
 ,africa appo9t$ ,ebrahim ,rasool z     
,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,rasool 
_h previ\sly made public comm5ts        
describ+ ,presid5t ,trump z extreme & 9 
,m>* #bjbe1 ,mr4 ,rasool *>act]iz$      

,presid5t ,trump z a :ite supremaci/4   
,secret>y ( ,/ate ,m>co ,rubio          
subsequ5tly decl>$ ,mr4 ,rasool z p]sona
 non grata 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #c4 ,s5se
 ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress   
t-- 7#a7 x is 9 ! national security     
int]e/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to det]        
/rategic political & security coop]ation
 & in=mation %>+ ) ! ,,prc & ! ,russian 
,f$]ation1 p>ticul>ly any =m (          
coop]ation t may aid or abet ,russia's  
illegal w> ( aggression 9 ,ukra9e or its
 int]national /&+ or influ5ce2 &  7#b7 !
 ,,anc's =eign policy actions h long    
ceas$ to reflect its /at$ /ance (       
nonalignm5t1 & n[ directly favor !      
,,prc1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 & ,hamas1 a
 kn[n proxy ( ,iran1 & !reby und]m9e    
,unit$ ,/ates national security & =eign 
policy int]e/s4  #d4 ,full review ( !   
bilat]al relation%ip  ,! ,presid5t1 9   
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 !   
,secret>y ( ,def5se1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,ambassador to ,s\? ,africa1 & ! heads (
 o!r dep>tm5ts & ag5cies t play a       

sub/antial role 9 ,unit$ ,/ates         
relations ) ,s\? ,africa1 %all conduct a
 compreh5sive review ( ! bilat]al       
relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &    
,s\? ,africa4  #e4 ,report &            
c]tification ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] 
! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !       
,presid5t %all submit to ! appropriate  
congressional committees a report t     
includes ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! f9d+s ( !    
review requir$ by section #d4  7#b7 ,a  
c]tification1 9 consultation ) !        
,secret>y ( ,/ate & ! ,secret>y (       
,def5se1 explicitly /at+ :e!r ,s\?      
,africa has engag$ 9 activities t       
und]m9e ! national security or =eign    
policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 toge!r
 ) an unclassifi$ report1 includ+ a     
classifi$ annex z necess>y1 provid+ a   
ju/ification = ! det]m9ation4 ,!        
,presid5t %all publi% ! c]tification 9  
unclassifi$ =m4  #f4 ,report on         
sanctionable p]sons  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n    
lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t1 9     

consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !  
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 %all submit to 
! appropriate congressional committees a
 classifi$ report on s5ior ,s\? ,african
 gov]nm5t (ficials & ,,anc lead]s4  7b7 
,elem5ts ,! report requir$ "u subsection
 7a7 %all include ! foll[+ elem5ts3 7#a7
 ,a li/ ( s5ior ,s\? ,african gov]nm5t  
(ficials & ,,anc lead]s ! ,presid5t     
det]m9es h engag$ 9 corruption or human 
rights abuses t w\ld be suffici5t1 bas$ 
on cr$ible evid5ce1 to meet ! crit]ia = 
! imposition ( sanctions pursuant to !  
au?orities provid$ by ! ,global         
,magnitsky ,human ,rights ,acc\ntability
 ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja et seq474   
7#b7 ,) respect to ea* p]son includ$ on 
su* li/-- 7,a7 a detail$ explanation    
describ+ ! conduct =m+ ! basis ( !      
p]son's inclusion on ! li/2 &  7,b7 7i7 
! expect$ timel9e = sanctions describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a7 to be impos$ ) respect to
 su* p]son2 or  7ii7 if ! ,presid5t does
 n int5d to impose sanctions ) respect  
to su* p]son1 a detail$ ju/ification    

describ+ ! rationale & legal au?orities 
und]ly+ su* negative det]m9ation4  #g4  
,t]m9ation ( eligibility ( ,s\? ,africa 
= c]ta9 trade pref]5ces programs ,if !  
,presid5t det]m9es & c]tifies "u section
 #e7b7 t ,s\? ,africa has engag$ 9      
activities t und]m9e ! national security
 or =eign policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 ! ,presid5t %all t]m9ate !      
eligibility ( ,s\? ,africa = designation
 z an eligible sub-,sah>an ,african     
c\ntry "u section #ajd ( ! ,african     
,gr[? & ,opportunity ,act 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4
 #cgjc7 or a b5efici>y sub-,sah>an      
,african c\ntry "u section #ejf;,a ( !  
,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4      
#bdff;a74  #h4 ,appropriate             
congressional committees def9$ ,9 ?is   
,act1 ! t]m appropriate congressional   
committees means-- 7#a7 ! ,committee on 
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate2 &  7#b7 ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives4