,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bdgj  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #bh1 #bjbe,mr4   
,murphy introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to e/abli% "n1 image1 &       
lik5ess rights = college a?letes at     
in/itutions ( high] education1 & = o!r  
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,college ,a?lete ,economic 
,fre$om ,act4  #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is   
,act3 7#a7 ,a?lete ag5t ,! t]m a?lete   
ag5t has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #b
 ( ! ,sports ,ag5t ,responsibility &    
,tru/ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja74  7#b7 
,collective repres5tative ,! t]m        
collective repres5tative-- 7,a7 means an
 individual or organization t repres5ts 
a gr\p ( college a?letes or prospective 
college a?letes to negotiate contracts =
 ! use ( ! names1 images1 or lik5esses (
 su* a?letes or gr\p ( a?letes2 &  7,b7 
includes-- 7i7 legal repres5tatives2    
7ii7 a?lete ag5ts2 &  7iii7 play]s'     

associations4  7#c7 ,college a?lete ,!  
t]m college a?lete means an individual  
:o p>ticipates 9 or is eligible to      
p>ticipate 9 an int]collegiate sport =  
an in/itution ( high] education4  7#d7  
,comp5sation ,! t]m comp5sation means   
any paym5t1 remun]ation1 or b5efit      
provid$ to a college a?lete or          
prospective college a?lete 9 ex*ange = !
 use ( ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess ( !      
college a?lete or prospective college   
a?lete4  7#e7 ,grant-9-aid ,! t]m       
grant-9-aid means a s*ol>%ip1 grant1 or 
o!r =m ( f9ancial assi/ance t is provid$
 by an in/itution ( high] education to a
 college a?lete = ! und]graduate or     
graduate c\rse ( /udy ( ! college       
a?lete4  7#f7 ,image ,! t]m image1 )    
respect to a college a?lete or          
prospective college a?lete1 means any   
photograph1 video1 or comput]-g5]at$    
repres5tation t reasonably id5tifies !  
college a?lete or prospective college   
a?lete4  7#g7 ,in/itution ( high]       
education ,! t]m in/itution ( high]     

education has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9      
section #aja ( ! ,high] ,education ,act 
( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja et seq474  
7#h7 ,in/itutional "n1 image1 & lik5ess 
collective ,! t]m in/itutional "n1      
image1 & lik5ess collective means any   
entity t-- 7,a7 7i7 is subject to !     
,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae     
,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq472 or  7ii7 is an  
organization n organiz$ to c>ry on      
bus9ess = its own pr(it or ! pr(it ( its
 memb]s2 &  7,b7 supports ! a?letic     
int]e/s ( an in/itution ( high]         
education or a limit$ gr\p ( in/itutions
 ( high] education by-- 7i7 accept+     
contributions = ! purpose ( ent]+ into  
or fund+ "n1 image1 or lik5ess agreem5ts
 ) college a?letes or prospective       
college a?letes2 or  7ii7 arrang+ =     
college a?letes to be paid by ?ird      
p>ties = ! comm]cial use ( _! names1    
images1 or lik5esses4  7#i7             
,int]collegiate a?letic association ,!  
t]m int]collegiate a?letic association  
means any association1 conf]5ce1 or o!r 

gr\p or organization t-- 7,a7 ex]cises  
au?ority ov] int]collegiate a?letics & !
 recruitm5t ( college a?letes or        
prospective college a?letes2 &  7,b7 is 
engag$ 9 int]/ate comm]ce or 9 any      
indu/ry or activity affect+ int]/ate    
comm]ce4  7#aj7 ,int]national college   
a?lete ,! t]m int]national college      
a?lete means an ali5 7z def9$ 9 section 
#aja7;a7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality
 ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja7;a777 lawfully
 pres5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! /atus ( a 
nonimmigrant describ$ 9 subp>agraph     
7,f77ii7 ( section #aja7;a77#ae7 ( !    
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aaja7;a77#ae77 :o p>ticipates
 9 or is eligible to p>ticipate 9 an    
int]collegiate sport = an in/itution (  
high] education4  7#aa7 ,lik5ess ,! t]m 
lik5ess1 ) respect to a college a?lete  
or prospective college a?lete1 means !  
uniquely id5tifiable voice1 cat* phrase1
 or any o!r m>k :5 us$ 9 a context t    
reasonably id5tifies ! college a?lete or
 prospective college a?lete4  7#ab7 ,"n 

,! t]m "n1 ) respect to a college a?lete
 or prospective college a?lete1 means ! 
fir/ or la/ "n1 or a nickname1 ( !      
college a?lete or prospective college   
a?lete :5 us$ 9 a context t reasonably  
id5tifies ! college a?lete or           
prospective college a?lete4  7#ac7      
,prospective college a?lete ,! t]m      
prospective college a?lete means an     
individual :o-- 7,a7 has n enroll$ at an
 in/itution ( high] education2 &  7,b7  
may be recruit$ by an in/itution ( high]
 education4  7#ad7 ,?ird p>ty ,! t]m    
?ird p>ty means an individual or entity 
o!r ?an an in/itution ( high] education 
or an int]collegiate a?letic            
association4  #c4 ,a?lete rights to     
m>ket "n1 image1 & lik5ess  7a7 ,"r ,to 
m>ket use ( "n1 image1 & lik5ess  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,an in/itution ( high]         
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association may n enact or en=ce any    
rule1 requirem5t1 /&>d1 or o!r          
limitation t prev5ts college a?letes or 
prospective college a?letes1            

individually or z a gr\p1 f m>ket+ ! use
 ( _! names1 images1 or lik5esses4  7#b7
 ,collusion ,an in/itution ( high]      
education may n coord9ate ) any o!r     
in/itution ( high] education or ?ird    
p>ty to impose a limitation on ! am\nt (
 paym5t (f]$ to a college a?lete1       
prospective college a?lete1 or gr\p (   
college a?letes or prospective college  
a?letes "u a contract = ! use ( ! "n1   
image1 or lik5ess ( ! college a?lete1   
prospective college a?lete1 or gr\p (   
college a?letes or prospective college  
a?letes1 unless su* a limitation is !   
result ( negotiations ) a collective    
repres5tative4  7#c7 ,"r to collective  
repres5tation ,an in/itution ( high]    
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association may n enact or en=ce any    
rule1 requirem5t1 /&>d1 or o!r          
limitation prev5t+1 or engage 9 conduct 
t prev5ts1 college a?letes f =m+ or     
recogniz+1 or int]f]es ) ! =mation or   
recognition (1 a collective             
repres5tative-- 7,a7 to facilitate      

contracts = ! use ( ! "n1 image1 or     
lik5ess ( college a?letes1 or gr\p      
lic5s+ agreem5ts2 or  7,b7 to provide   
repres5tation = college a?letes4  7#d7  
,gr\p lic5s+  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,an         
in/itution ( high] education or         
int]collegiate a?letic association may n
 use ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess ( any gr\p 
( college a?letes = any type (          
promotion1 includ+ a m$ia rights        
agreem5t1 unless ! in/itution ( high]   
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association obta9s a lic5se f ! gr\p = t
 purpose4  7,b7 ,notification ,an       
in/itution ( high] education or         
int]collegiate a?letic association seek+
 a lic5se describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7   
%all notify ! gr\p ( college a?letes    
conc]n$ ) respect to-- 7i7 ! mann] 9 :i*
 ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess ( ! gr\p w be  
us$ "u ! lic5se2 &  7ii7 ! am\nt (      
rev5ue ! in/itution ( high] education or
 int]collegiate a?letic association w   
receive 9 connection ) any type (       
promotion1 includ+ a m$ia rights        

agreem5t & any o!r rev5ue s\rce1 bas$ on
 ! use ( ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess ( !    
gr\p4  7#e7 ,grants-9-aid ,receipt (    
comp5sation = ! use ( ! "n1 image1 or   
lik5ess ( a college a?lete or           
prospective college a?lete %all n       
adv]sely affect-- 7,a7 ! eligibility or 
opportunity ( a college a?lete or       
prospective college a?lete to apply = a 
grant-9-aid2 or  7,b7 ! am\nt1 duration1
 or r5ewal ( ! grant-9-aid ( a college  
a?lete or prospective college a?lete4   
7b7 ,equitable in/itutional support     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an in/itution ( high]    
education1 an int]collegiate a?letic    
association1 or a p>ty affiliat$ ) an   
in/itution ( high] education or an      
int]collegiate a?letic association t    
provides direct or indirect support to  
college a?letes ) respect to ! m>ket+ ( 
_! names1 images1 or lik5esses %all make
 su* support available & accessible to  
all college a?letes 9 ! applicable      
a?letic program1 reg>dless ( g5d]1 race1
 or p>ticipat+ sport4  7#b7             

,in/itutional "n1 image1 & lik5ess      
collectives ,ea* in/itutional "n1 image1
 & lik5ess collective-- 7,a7 %all-- 7i7 
= purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 be consid]$ 
to be affiliat$ ) ea* in/itution ( high]
 education ! a?letic int]e/s ( :i* !    
collective supports2  7ii7 regi/] ) !   
,f$]al ,trade ,commission z an          
in/itutional "n1 image1 & lik5ess       
collective1 includ+ by id5tify+ !       
in/itutions ( high] education ) :i* !   
collective affiliates2  7iii7 ma9ta91 ) 
respect to college a?letes enroll$ at   
ea* affiliat$ in/itution ( high]        
education-- 7,i7 ! numb] ( "n1 image1 or
 lik5ess agreem5ts facilitat$ by !      
collective1 disaggregat$ by g5d]1 race1 
& p>ticipat+ sport2  7,,ii7 ! total     
monet>y value ( "n1 image1 or lik5ess   
agreem5ts facilitat$ by ! collective1   
disaggregat$ by g5d]1 race1 & p>ticipat+
 sport2 &  7,,iii7 ! numb] ( college    
a?letes & prospective college a?letes   
assi/$ by ! collective1 disaggregat$ by 
g5d]1 race1 & p>ticipat+ sport2 &  7iv7 

n lat] ?an ,septemb] #a ea* ye>1 submit 
to ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission a report 
conta9+1 = ! p]iod beg9n+ on ,july #a ( 
! prec$+ ye> & end+ on ,june #cj ( ! ye>
 9 :i* ! report is submitt$1 ! in=mation
 describ$ 9 subclauses 7,i7 ?r\gh       
7,,iii7 ( clause 7iii72 &  7,b7 %all n  
discrim9ate1 on ! basis ( g5d]1 race1 or
 p>ticipat+ sport1 9 ! facilitation (   
"n1 image1 or lik5ess agreem5ts =       
college a?letes 9 ! a?letic program (1  
or prospective college a?letes =1 any   
p>ticul> in/itution ( high] education4  
7#c7 ,det]m9ations "u title ,,ix ,=     
purposes ( det]m9ations ab\t            
discrim9ation on ! basis ( sex "u title 
,,ix ( ! ,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb   
7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq471 ! support
 ( an in/itution ( high] education or   
int]collegiate a?letic association      
relat$ to ! names1 images1 or lik5esses 
( college a?letes %all be consid]$1     
includ+ h[ an in/itution ( high]        
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association promotes sports pr$om9antly 

compris$ ( wom5 relative to m54  7c7 ,"r
 to repres5tation  7#a7 ,ability =      
college a?letes to reta9 repres5tation  
,an in/itution ( high] education or     
int]collegiate a?letic association may n
 prev5t a college a?lete or prospective 
college a?lete f fully p>ticipat+ 9     
int]collegiate a?letics bas$ on !       
college a?lete or prospective college   
a?lete hav+ obta9$ pr(essional          
repres5tation ) respect to a contract or
 legal matt]1 includ+-- 7,a7            
repres5tation provid$ by an a?lete ag5t1
 f9ancial advisor1 or collective        
repres5tative2 &  7,b7 legal            
repres5tation provid$ by an attorney4   
7#b7 ,prohibitions on ! regulation (    
repres5tation ,an in/itution ( high]    
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association may n regulate ! legal1     
f9ancial1 or ag5cy repres5tation (      
college a?letes & prospective college   
a?letes ) respect to ! m>ket+ ( _!      
names1 images1 or lik5esses1 includ+ !  
c]tification ( su* legal1 f9ancial1 or  

ag5cy repres5tation4  7d7 ,prohibition  
on waiv]  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z       
provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 a college      
a?lete1 prospective college a?lete1     
in/itution ( high] education1           
int]collegiate a?letic association1 or  
any o!r p]son may n ent] into any       
agreem5t or a legal settlem5t t waives  
or p]mits noncompliance ) ?is ,act4     
7#b7 ,exception ,an in/itution ( high]  
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association may re/rict ! comm]cial use 
( ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess ( college     
a?letes if su* a re/riction is "p ( a   
collective b>ga9+ agreem5t betwe5 !     
in/itution ( high] education or         
int]collegiate a?letic association &    
college a?letes4  #d4 ,grants = analyz+ 
"n1 image1 lik5ess1 & a?letic reputation
 monetization  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is   
section3 7#a7 ,eligible entity ,! t]m   
eligible entity means-- 7,a7 a bus9ess 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7,b7 a public or     
private education & rese>* organization 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7,c7 a consortium

 ( entities describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 
or 7,b74  7#b7 ,secret>y ,! t]m         
,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce4 
7b7 ,grants au?oriz$ ,n less frequ5tly  
?an annually1 ! ,secret>y may aw>d a    
grant to1 or ent] into a contract or a  
coop]ative agreem5t )1 an eligible      
entity = ! purpose ( conduct+ a m>ket   
analysis ( ! monetization ( ! rights    
grant$ to college a?letes & prospective 
college a?letes "u ?is ,act dur+ !      
#a-ye> p]iod prec$+ ! date on :i* !     
analysis is complet$4  7c7 ,requirem5ts 
,an eligible entity t receives a grant  
or ent]s into a contract or coop]ative  
agreem5t to conduct an analysis "u      
subsection 7b7 %all-- 7#a7 make !       
analysis & in=mation relat+ to !        
analysis available to ! public1         
includ+-- 7,a7 ! surveys & int]views    
conduct$ by ! eligible entity dur+ !    
c\rse ( ! analysis2 &  7,b7 e/imates ( !
 comp5sation receiv$ by college a?letes 
& prospective college a?letes dur+ !    
#a-ye> p]iod prec$+ ! date on :i* !     

analysis is complet$ z a result ( !     
monetization ( ! names1 images1 or      
lik5esses ( su* college a?letes &       
prospective college a?letes1            
disaggregat$ by-- 7i7 g5d]2  7ii7 race2 
&  7iii7 sport2 &  7#b7 provide         
recomm5dations to ! ,secret>y to address
 any disp>ity among e/imates bas$ on !  
factors describ$ 9 clauses 7i71 7ii71 & 
7iii7 ( p>agraph 7#a77;,b74  7d7 ,public
 availability ( recomm5dations ,!       
,secret>y %all make available to !      
public any recomm5dations receiv$ "u    
subsection 7c77#b74  7e7 ,au?orization (
 appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be 
appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y su* sums z   
may be necess>y to c>ry out ?is section4
  #e4 ,int]national college a?letes  7a7
 ,eligibility = ,f visas ,section       
#aja7;a77#ae77;,f7 ( ! ,immigration &   
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4         
#aaja7;a77#ae77;,f77 is am5d$ by-- 7#a7 
by /rik+ 7i7 an ali5 hav+ & ins]t+      
7i77,i7 an ali5 hav+2  7#b7 by /rik+    
clause 7i7 ea* place x appe>s & ins]t+  

subclause 7,i72  7#c7 by r$esignat+     
clauses 7ii7 & 7iii7 z subclauses 7,,ii7
 & 7,,iii71 respectively2  7#d7 by /rik+
 ! semicolon & ins]t+ 2 or2 &  7#e7 by  
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7ii7 an ali5   
hav+ a resid5ce 9 a =eign c\ntry :i* he 
has no int5tion ( ab&on+1 :o is a bona  
fide college a?lete 7z def9$ 9 section  
#b ( ! ,college ,a?lete ,economic       
,fre$om ,act7 qualifi$ to pursue a full 
c\rse ( /udy & :o seeks to ent] ! ,unit$
 ,/ates tempor>ily & = ! purpose (      
pursu+ a c\rse ( /udy at an e/abli%$    
college1 univ]sity1 or o!r academic     
in/itution :ile also p>ticipat+ 9       
int]collegiate a?letics1 :i* in/itution 
or place ( /udy %all h agre$ to report  
to ! ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security !    
t]m9ation ( att5dance ( ea* nonimmigrant
 /ud5t1 & if any su* in/itution ( le>n+ 
or place ( /udy fails to make reports   
promptly ! approval %all be )drawn2  4  
7b7 ,"n1 image1 & lik5ess activities by 
int]national college a?letes ,section   
#bab7;a77#e77;,a7 ( ! ,immigration &    

,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4         
#aahb7;a77#e77;,a77 is am5d$ by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+3  7v7 ,int]national      
college a?letes ,not)/&+ clause 7i71 an 
ali5 :o seeks admission to ! ,unit$     
,/ates to compete 9 int]collegiate      
a?letics z an int]national college      
a?lete nonimmigrant describ$ 9          
subp>agraph 7,f77ii7 ( section          
#aja7;a77#ae7 %all n be inadmissible =  
hav+ p>ticipat$ or engag$ 9 activities  
describ$ 9 section #c ( ! ,college      
,a?lete ,economic ,fre$om ,act 7relat+  
to ! m>ket+ ( ! "n1 image1 or lik5ess1 (
 ! ali571 individually or z a memb] ( a 
gr\p ( a?letes1 & su* activities %all n 
con/itute a violation ( or failure to   
ma9ta9 su* nonimmigrant /atus4  4  7c7  
,employm5t au?orization = "n1 image1 &  
lik5ess activity ,section #bad ( !      
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aahd7 is am5d$ by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+3  7s7 ,int]national college
 a?letes ,9 ! case ( an int]national    
college a?lete nonimmigrant describ$ 9  

section #aja7;a77#ae77;,f77ii7 :o       
p>ticipates 9 int]collegiate a?letics1 !
 ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security %all--   
7#a7 au?orize ! ali51 incid5t to /atus1 
to engage 9 employm5t activities        
describ$ 9 section #c ( ! ,college      
,a?lete ,economic ,fre$om ,act 7relat+  
to ! m>ket+ ( ! nonimmigrant's "n1      
image1 or lik5ess ( ! nonimmigrant71    
individually or z a memb] ( a gr\p (    
a?letes1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! p]iod 
( au?oriz$ admission2 &  7#b7 provide ! 
int]national college a?lete nonimmigrant
 ) an employm5t au?oriz$ endorsem5t or  
o!r appropriate docum5t signify+        
au?orization ( employm5t4  4  7d7       
,employee /atus ( college a?letes ,9 !  
ev5t t any ,f$]al or ,/ate c\rt (       
compet5t jurisdiction or any gov]nm5t   
ag5cy decl>es college a?letes to be     
employees ( an in/itution ( high]       
education or int]collegiate a?letic     
association-- 7#a7 p>ticipation 9       
int]collegiate a?letics %all n violate  
or be consid]$ to be a violation ( or a 

failure to ma9ta9 nonimmigrant /atus    
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,f77ii7 (       
section #aja7;a77#ae7 ( ! ,immigration &
 ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4        
#aaja7;a77#ae772 &  7#b7 int]national   
college a?letes admitt$ to ! ,unit$     
,/ates pursuant to visas issu$ "u t     
subp>agraph may be paid = _!            
p>ticipation 9 college a?letics 9 ! same
 mann] z o!r college a?letes are paid4  
7e7 ,evid5ce ( employm5t eligibility    
,endorsem5t ( ! ,=m ,i-#bj 7,c]tificate 
( ,eligibility = ,nonimmigrant ,/ud5t   
,/atus7 ( an int]national college a?lete
 by a designat$ s*ool (ficial = "n1     
image1 or lik5ess activities describ$ 9 
section #c %all s]ve z evid5ce (        
eligibility = employm5t 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates4  #f4 ,en=cem5t provisions  7a7  
,unfair or deceptive acts or practices  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a violation ( section #c 
or a regulation promulgat$ "u ?is       
section %all be treat$ z a violation ( a
 rule def9+ an unfair or deceptive act  
or practice "u section #ah7;a77#a77;,b7 

( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae 
,u4,s4,c4 #eg;a7a77#a77;,b774  7#b7     
,p[]s ( ! ,commission  7,a7 ,9 g5]al    
,except z provid$ = 9 subp>agraph 7,c71 
! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission 7ref]r$ to 9
 ?is section z ! ,commission7 %all en=ce
 section #c 9 ! same mann]1 by ! same   
means1 & ) ! same jurisdiction1 p[]s1 & 
duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms &     
provisions ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq47 7     
incorporat$ into & made a "p ( ?is ,act4
  7,b7 ,privileges & immunities ,any    
p]son :o violates section #c or a       
regulation promulgat$ "u ?is section    
%all be subject to ! p5alties & entitl$ 
to ! privileges & immunities provid$ 9 !
 ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae    
,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq474  7,c7 ,nonpr(it 
organizations ,not)/&+ section #d1      
#e7;a77#b71 or #f ( ! ,f$]al ,trade     
,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dd1    
#de7;a77#b71 #df7 or any jurisdictional 
limitation ( ! ,commission1 !           
,commission %all also en=ce section #c1 

9 ! same mann] provid$ 9 subp>agraphs   
7,a7 & 7,b71 ) respect to organizations 
n organiz$ to c>ry on bus9ess = _! own  
pr(it or t ( _! memb]s4  7,d7 ,au?ority 
pres]v$ ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$
 to limit ! au?ority ( ! ,commission "u 
any o!r provision ( law4  7,e7 ,rulemak+
 ,! ,commission %all promulgate 9       
accordance ) section #eec ( title #e1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 su* rules z may be 
necess>y to c>ry out ?is section4  7b7  
,private "r ( action  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an 
individual :o is aggriev$ by a violation
 ( section #c may br+ a civil action 9  
an appropriate ,f$]al di/rict c\rt (    
compet5t jurisdiction4  7#b7 ,damages2  
co/s & attorney's fees ,a c\rt may aw>d 
to a prevail+ p>ty 9 a civil action     
br\ght "u p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 actual   
damages su/a9$ by ! p>ty z a result ( ! 
violation t is ! subject ( ! action2 &  
7,b7 ! co/s ( ! action & reasonable     
attorney's fees4  7c7 ,%]man ,act ,a    
violation ( ?is ,act %all be deem$ to be
 a p] se violation ( ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae 

,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq47 & subject to all  
rem$ies & rights af=d$ "u t ,act4  #g4  
,/ate preemption  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a ,/ate 
may n en=ce a ,/ate law relat+ to !     
ability ( college a?letes to ent] into  
contracts ) ?ird p>ties = ! use ( _!    
names1 images1 or lik5esses pursuant to 
?is ,act4  7b7 ,exception = !           
c]tification ( a?lete ag5ts ,a ,/ate may
 en=ce a ,/ate law or regulation relat+ 
to ! c]tification ( a?lete ag5ts "u !   
,sports ,ag5t ,responsibility & ,tru/   
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ghja et seq474  #h4
 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act   
%all affect ! treatm5t ( qualifi$       
s*ol>%ips "u section #aag ( ! ,int]nal  
,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf4