,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bjha  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #ab1 #bjbe,ms4   
,lummis introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to e/abli% immunity f civil   
liability = c]ta9 artificial intellig5ce
 develop]s1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort
 title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !        
,responsible ,innovation & ,safe        
,exp]tise ,act ( #bjbe or ! ,,rise ,act 
( #bjbe4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !   
foll[+3 7#a7 ,artificial intellig5ce    
sy/ems h rapidly advanc$ 9 capability & 
are increas+ly be+ deploy$ across       
pr(essional s]vices1 includ+ heal?c>e1  
law1 f9ance1 & o!r sectors critical to !
 economy4  7#b7 ,indu/ry lead]s h       
publicly ackn[l$g$ ! developm5t (       
increas+ly p[]ful artificial intellig5ce
 sy/ems1 ) "s discuss+ ! pot5tial =     
artificial g5]al intellig5ce &          
sup]9tellig5ce t c\ld fundam5tally      
re%ape ! society ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4     

7#c7 ,! curr5t lack ( cl>ity reg>d+     
liability = artificial intellig5ce      
errors creates unc]ta9ty t imp$es !     
responsible integration ( ^! b5eficial  
te*nologies into pr(essional s]vices &  
economic activity4  7#d7 ,_m artificial 
intellig5ce sy/ems op]ate ) limit$      
transp>5cy reg>d+ _! capabilities1      
limitations1 & default in/ructions1 mak+
 x difficult = pr(essional us]s to      
assess appropriate use cases & = legal  
sy/ems to fairly allocate responsibility
 :5 errors occur4  7#e7 ,le>n$          
pr(essionals :o utilize artificial      
intellig5ce tools 9 s]v+ cli5ts h       
pr(essional obligations to und]/& !     
capabilities & limitations ( ! tools !y 
employ1 requir+ access to cle> in=mation
 ab\t sy/em specifications & p]=mance   
*>act]i/ics4  7#f7 ,e/abli%+ cle> /&>ds 
= artificial intellig5ce transp>5cy1    
c\pl$ ) appropriate liability           
frameworks1 w promote responsible       
innovation :ile ensur+ t ! b5efits &    
risks ( artificial intellig5ce sy/ems   

are prop]ly und]/ood & manag$ z ^!      
te*nologies cont9ue to advance4  7#g7 ,!
 developm5t ( artificial intellig5ce    
sy/ems t may significantly impact !     
future ( human civilization w>rants a   
gov]nance approa* t balances innovation 
inc5tives ) robu/ transp>5cy requirem5ts
 & appropriate allocation (             
responsibility among develop]s1         
pr(essional us]s1 & o!r /akehold]s4  #c4
 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7          
,artificial intellig5ce ,! t]m          
artificial intellig5ce has ! mean+ giv5 
! t]m 9 section #ejjb ( ! ,national     
,artificial ,intellig5ce ,initiative    
,act ( #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja74     
7#b7 ,cli5t ,! t]m cli5t means a p]son  
t-- 7,a7 engages ! s]vices ( a le>n$    
pr(essional2  7,b7 relies ^u ! exp]tise1
 judgm5t1 & advice ( ! le>n$            
pr(essional2 &  7,c7 has a relation%ip )
 ! le>n$ pr(essional t is gov]n$ by     
pr(essional /&>ds1 codes ( conduct1 or  
regulations4  7#c7 ,develop] ,! t]m     
develop] means a p]son t-- 7,a7 creates1

 designs1 programs1 tra9s1 modifies1 or 
sub/antially contributes to ! creation  
or modification ( an artificial         
intellig5ce product2  7,b7 ex]cises     
control ov] ! design specifications1    
functionality1 capabilities1            
limitations1 or int5d$ uses ( an        
artificial intellig5ce product2 or  7,c7
 m>kets1 di/ributes1 lic5ses1 or makes  
available an artificial intellig5ce     
product "u _! own "n1 br&1 or tradem>k1 
reg>dless ( :e!r ! p]son creates !      
orig9al und]ly+ te*nology ( ! artificial
 intellig5ce product4  7#d7 ,error ,!   
t]m error means-- 7,a7 any output1      
action1 recomm5dation1 or mat]ial       
omission by an artificial intellig5ce   
product t is false1 mislead+1 fabricat$1
 deceptive1 or incomplete 9 a mann] t a 
reasonable develop] c\ld =esee w\ld     
cause h>m2 or  7,b7 any failure ( an    
artificial intellig5ce product to p]=m a
 function or task t ! artificial        
intellig5ce product expressly or        
implicitly repres5ts itself z capable ( 

p]=m+4  7#e7 ,le>n$ pr(essional ,! t]m  
le>n$ pr(essional means an individual   
:o-- 7,a7 possesses specializ$          
education1 tra9+1 k1 or skill 9 a       
pr(ession2  7,b7 is lic5s$1 c]tifi$1 or 
o!rwise au?oriz$ by an appropriate      
,f$]al or ,/ate au?ority to practice 9 t
 pr(ession2  7,c7 is b\nd by pr(essional
 /&>ds1 e?ical obligations1 & a duty (  
c>e to cli5ts2 &  7,d7 ex]cises         
indep5d5t pr(essional judgm5t :5 us+    
tools1 includ+ artificial intellig5ce   
products1 9 ! c\rse ( r5d]+ pr(essional 
s]vices4  7#f7 ,model c>d ,! t]m model  
c>d means a publicly available te*nical 
docum5t 9 :i* a develop] describes1     
consi/5t ) indu/ry /&>ds & z rigor\sly z
 or m rigor\sly ?an indu/ry pe]s1 !     
tra9+ data s\rces1 evaluation           
me?odology1 p]=mance metrics1 int5d$    
uses1 limitations1 & risk mitigations1  
includ+ detection1 evaluation1          
managem5t1 & safegu>ds aga9/ errors1 (  
an artificial intellig5ce product4  7#g7
 ,model specification ,! t]m model      

specification-- 7,a7 means ! text or o!r
 configuration in/ructions ( an         
artificial intellig5ce product-- 7i7    
suppli$ by a develop]2  7ii7 t e/abli% !
 int5d$ base behavior1 tone1 con/ra9ts1 
or goals ( ! artificial intellig5ce     
product2 &  7iii7 t mat]ially influ5ce !
 outputs ( ! artificial intellig5ce     
product across us]s or sessions1 includ+
 ! sy/em prompt provid$ to ! model be=e 
engag+ ) us] qu]ies2 &  7,b7 includes-- 
7i7 ! sy/em prompt & any o!r text or    
images t ! artificial intellig5ce       
product receives t are n visible to !   
end us]2  7ii7 any con/itution or       
analog\s guid+ docum5t us$ :5 tra9+ or  
f9etun+ ( an artificial intellig5ce     
product1 includ+ 9 automat$ s*emes 9 :i*
 an artificial intellig5ce sy/em tra9s  
ano!r artificial intellig5ce sy/em2 &   
7iii7 ! in/ructions1 rubrics1 or o!r    
guidance provid$ to human rat]s or      
evaluators ( an artificial intellig5ce  
product ! fe$back ( :om is us$ to tra9  
or f9e-tune ! artificial intellig5ce    

product4  #d4 ,conditional immunity f   
civil liability = artificial intellig5ce
 develop]s  7a7 ,safe h>bor eligibility 
,a develop] %all be immune f civil      
liability = errors g5]at$ by an         
artificial intellig5ce product :5 us$ by
 a le>n$ pr(essional 9 ! c\rse ( provid+
 pr(essional s]vices to a cli5t if !    
develop]-- 7#a7 prior to deploym5t ( !  
artificial intellig5ce product1 publicly
 releases & cont9u\sly ma9ta9s-- 7,a7 ! 
model c>d = ! artificial intellig5ce    
product2 &  7,b7 ! model specification =
 ! artificial intellig5ce product1 :i*  
may include r$actions-- 7i7 only relat+ 
to in=mation t w\ld reveal trade secrets
 unrelat$ to ! safety ( ! artificial    
intellig5ce product2 &  7ii7 only if !  
develop] furni%es contemporane\sly ) ea*
 r$action a writt5 ju/ification = !     
r$action id5tify+ ! basis = )hold+ !    
in=mation z a trade secret2 &  7#b7     
provides cle> & conspicu\s docum5tation 
to le>n$ pr(essionals describ+ ! kn[n   
limitations1 failure modes1 &           

appropriate doma9s ( use = ! artificial 
intellig5ce product4  7b7 ,scope (      
immunity ,! immunity provid$ "u         
subsection 7a7 %all be conf]r$ to a     
develop] only = acts or omissions t d n 
con/itute recklessness or willful       
misconduct by ! develop]4  7c7 ,duty ,to
 update ,immunity "u subsection 7a7     
relat+ to an artificial intellig5ce     
product %all n apply to a develop]--    
7#a7 t does n update ! model c>d1 model 
specification1 & docum5tation ) respect 
to ! artificial intellig5ce product z   
describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#a7 by ! date 
t is #cj days aft] ! date on :i* !      
develop]--  7,a7 deploys a new v]sion ( 
! artificial intellig5ce product2 or    
7,b7 discov]s a new & mat]ial failure   
mode affect+ ! artificial intellig5ce   
product2 &  7#b7 ( :i* ! failure to make
 an update describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 by !
 applicable date describ$ 9 t p>agraph  
proximately causes a h>m occurr+ aft] t 
date4  7d7 ,preemption  7#a7 ,express   
preemption ,?is section %all apply to   

any claim aris+ "u ,/ate law aga9/ a    
develop] = an error aris+ f ! use ( an  
artificial intellig5ce product by a     
le>n$ pr(essional 9 provid+ pr(essional 
s]vices if ! develop] is immune f civil 
liability "u subsection 7a74  7#b7      
,claims n preempt$ ,no?+ 9 ?is section  
%all apply to a claim aris+ "u ,/ate law
 aga9/ a develop] bas$ on fraud1 kn[+   
misrepres5tation1 or conduct outside !  
scope ( pr(essional use ( an artificial 
intellig5ce product by a le>n$          
pr(essional4  #e4 ,pres]vation ( o!r    
immunities & privileges ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act
 %all be con/ru$ to affect any immunity 
f civil liability e/abli%$ by ,f$]al or 
,/ate law or available at common law t  
is n relat$ to ! immunity e/abli%$ "u   
section #d7;a74  #f4 ,effective date2   
applicability ,?is ,act-- 7#a7 %all take
 effect on ,decemb] #a1 #bjbe2 &  7#b7  
%all apply to acts or omissions occurr+ 
on or aft] ! date describ$ 9 p>agraph   
7#a74