,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #aib  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,janu>y #bb1 #bjbe,mr4 
,m>key 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,ms4   
,w>r51 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51 ,mr4 ,wel*1    
,mr4 ,s&]s1 & ,mr4 ,wyd57 introduc$ !   
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to re/rict ! fir/-use /rike ( 
nucle> weapons4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is   
,act may be cit$ z ! ,re/rict+ ,fir/    
,use ( ,nucle> ,weapons ,act ( #bjbe4   
#b4 ,f9d+s & decl>ation ( policy  7a7   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! 
,con/itution gives ,congress ! sole p[] 
to decl>e w>4  7#b7 ,! fram]s ( !       
,con/itution und]/ood t ! monum5tal     
decision to g to w>1 :i* c result 9     
massive dea? & ! de/ruction ( civiliz$  
society1 mu/ be made by ! repres5tatives
 ( ! p & n by a s+le p]son4  7#c7 ,z    
/at$ by section #b7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s    
,resolution 7,public ,law #ic-adh2 #ej  
,u4,s4,c4 #aeda71 ! con/itutional p[]s (
 ! ,presid5t z ,comm&]-9-,*ief to       

introduce ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces into
 ho/ilities1 or into situations :]e     
imm95t involvem5t 9 ho/ilities is cle>ly
 indicat$ by ! circum/ances1 are ex]cis$
 only pursuant to 7#a7 a decl>ation (   
w>1 7#b7 specific /atutory au?orization1
 or 7#c7 a national em]g5cy creat$ by   
attack ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its          
t]ritories or possessions1 or its arm$  
=ces4  7#d7 ,nucle> weapons are uniquely
 p[]ful weapons t h ! capability to     
in/antly kill millions ( p1 create      
long-t]m heal? & environm5tal           
consequ5ces ?r\gh\t ! _w1 directly      
und]m9e global peace1 & put ! ,unit$    
,/ates at exi/5tial risk f retaliatory  
nucle> /rikes4  7#e7 ,a fir/-use nucle> 
/rike c>ri$ out by ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld 
con/itute a major act ( w>4  7#f7 ,a    
fir/-use nucle> /rike conduct$ abs5t a  
decl>ation ( w> by ,congress w\ld       
violate ! ,con/itution4  7#g7 ,!        
,presid5t has ! sole au?ority to        
au?orize ! use ( nucle> weapons1 an ord]
 :i* milit>y (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   

mu/ c>ry out 9 accordance ) _!          
obligations "u ! ,uni=m ,code ( ,milit>y
 ,ju/ice4  7#h7 ,giv5 its exclusive p[] 
"u ! ,con/itution to decl>e w>1         
,congress mu/ provide mean+ful *ecks &  
balances to ! ,presid5t's sole au?ority 
to au?orize ! use ( a nucle> weapon4    
7b7 ,decl>ation ( policy ,x is ! policy 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t no fir/-use nucle>  
/rike %\ld be conduct$ abs5t a          
decl>ation ( w> by ,congress4  #c4      
,prohibition on conduct ( fir/-use      
nucle> /rikes  7a7 ,prohibition ,no     
,f$]al funds may be obligat$ or exp5d$  
to conduct a fir/-use nucle> /rike      
unless su* /rike is conduct$ pursuant to
 a w> decl>$ by ,congress t expressly   
au?orizes su* /rike4  7b7 ,fir/-,use    
nucle> /rike def9$ ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m
 fir/-use nucle> /rike means an attack  
us+ nucle> weapons aga9/ an enemy t is  
conduct$ )\t ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se & !  
,*airman ( ! ,jo9t ,*iefs ( ,/aff fir/  
confirm+ to ! ,presid5t t !re has be5 a 
nucle> /rike aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its 

t]ritories1 or its allies 7z specifi$ 9 
section #c7;b77#b7 ( ! ,arms ,export    
,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4            
#bgec7;b77#b7774