,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #aiac  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,may #bb1 #bjbe,mr4    
,m>key 7= himself1 ,ms4 ,w>r51 & ,mr4   
,s&]s7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d !       
,revis$ ,/atutes to remove ! def5se (   
qualifi$ immunity 9 ! case ( any action 
"u section #aigi1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4
 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,end+ ,qualifi$ ,immunity ,act4  #b4    
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7    
,congress pass$ ! ,act ( ,april #bj1    
#ahga 7commonly kn[n z ! ,ku ,klux ,klan
 ,act2 #ag ,/at4 #ac1 *apt] #bb7 to     
en=ce ! #ad? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & combat rampant      
violations ( civil & con/itutionally    
secur$ rights across ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
p>ticul>ly ^? ( newly fre$ slaves & o!r 
,black p 9 ! po/-,civil ,w> ,s\?4  7#b7 
,includ$ 9 t ,act 0 a provision1 n[     
codifi$ at section #aigi ( ! ,revis$    
,/atues 79 ?is section ref]r$ to z      

section #aihc71 :i* provides a cause (  
action = individuals to file lawsuits   
aga9/ p]sons act+ "u color ( law1       
includ+ ,/ate & local (ficials1 :o      
violate _! ,f$]al legal &               
con/itutionally secur$ rights4  7#c7 ,"u
 section #aihc a p]son may be held      
liable = act+ "u color ( ,/ate law1 ev5 
if !y are n act+ 9 accordance ) ,/ate   
law4  7#d7 ,section #aihc has nev]      
includ$ a def5se or immunity = gov]nm5t 
(ficials :o act 9 good fai? :5 violat+  
rights1 nor has x ev] _h a def5se or    
immunity bas$ on :e!r ! "r 0 cle>ly     
e/abli%$ at ! "t ( ! violation4  7#e7 ,f
 #ahga ?r\gh ! #aifjs1 gov]nm5t actors 7
 n af=d$ qualifi$ immunity = violat+    
rights4  7#f7 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,pi]son v4 ,ray1 #chf   
,u4,s4 #edg 7#aifg71 f\nd t gov]nm5t    
actors _h a good-fai? def5se = mak+     
arre/s "u uncon/itutional /atutes bas$  
on a common-law def5se = ! tort ( false 
arre/4  7#g7 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates lat] ext5d$ ! good-fai?   

def5se beyond false arre/s1 turn+ x into
 a g5]al good-fai? def5se = gov]nm5t    
(ficials4  7#h7 ,f9ally1 9 ,h>l[ v4     
,fitzg]ald1 #deg ,u4,s4 #hjj 7#aihb71 ! 
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f\nd ! 
subjective se>* = good fai? 9 ! gov]nm5t
 actor unnecess>y1 & replac$ x ) an     
objective reasonabl5ess /&>d t requires 
t ! "r be cle>ly e/abli%$ at ! "t ( !   
violation = ! def5dant to be liable4    
7#i7 ,! doctr9e ( qualifi$ immunity has 
sev]ely limit$ ! ability ( _m pla9tiffs 
to recov] damages "u section #aihc :5 _!
 rights h be5 violat$ by ,/ate & local  
(ficials4  7#aj7 ,z a result1 ! int5t ( 
,congress 9 pass+ section #aihc has be5 
fru/rat$1 & ! rights secur$ by !        
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h n be5  
appropriately protect$4  #c4 ,s5se (    
,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t    
,congress mu/ correct ! errone\s        
int]pretation ( section #aigi ( !       
,revis$ ,/atutes t provides = qualifi$  
immunity & reit]ate ! /&>d f\nd on !    
face ( ! /atute1 :i* does n limit       

liability on ! basis ( ! good-fai?      
belief ( ! def5dant or on ! basis t ! "r
 0 n cle>ly e/abli%$ at ! "t ( !        
violation4  #d4 ,removal ( qualifi$     
immunity ,section #aigi ( ! ,revis$     
,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihc7 is       
am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ 7a7 be=e ,e      
p]son2 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end !       
foll[+3  7b7 ,x %all n be a def5se to   
any action p5d+ on1 or fil$ aft]1 ! date
 ( enactm5t ( ?is subsection t1 at ! "t 
( ! deprivation-- 7#a7 ! def5dant 0 act+
 9 good fai?2  7#b7 ! def5dant believ$1 
reasonably or o!rwise1 t 8 or h] conduct
 0 lawful2  7#c7 ! rights1 privileges1  
or immunities secur$ by ! ,con/itution &
 laws 7 n cle>ly e/abli%$2 or  7#d7 !   
/ate ( ! law 0 su* t ! def5dant c\ld n  
reasonably h be5 expect$ to "k :e!r 8 or
 h] conduct 0 lawful4  4