,,ii  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #acgh  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,april #i1 #bjbe,mr4   
,s*atz 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,%eehy1 ,mr4    
,lujn1 & ,mr4 ,wel*7 introduc$ ! foll[+ 
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &      
,transportation  ,a ,,bill  ,to enhance 
! use by ! ,national ,oceanic &         
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration ( artificial  
intellig5ce = wea!r =eca/+1 & = o!r     
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,trans=mational ,artificial
 intellig5ce to ,mod]nize ! ,economy    
aga9/ ,extreme ,wea!r & ,wildfires ,act 
or ! ,,tame ,extreme ,wea!r & ,wildfires
 ,act4  #b4 ,artificial intellig5ce =   
wea!r =eca/+  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is    
section3 7#a7 ,artificial intellig5ce ,!
 t]m artificial intellig5ce-- 7,a7 has !
 mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #ejjb ( !   
,national ,artificial ,intellig5ce      
,initiative ,act ( #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 
#idja72 &  7,b7 includes ma*9e le>n+1   
neural networks1 & natural language     

process+4  7#b7 ,artificial intellig5ce 
wea!r model ,! t]m artificial           
intellig5ce wea!r model means a wea!r   
model bas$ prim>ily on artificial       
intellig5ce te*nology to project future 
,e>? sy/em conditions bas$ on ma*9e     
le>n+ us+ wea!r =eca/+ tra9+ datasets4  
7#c7 ,curate ,! t]m curate1 ) respect to
 a dataset1 means-- 7,a7 to collect &   
ma9ta9 ! dataset-- 7i7 to ensure &      
docum5t its quality2 &  7ii7 to provide 
metadata on its prov5ance2 &  7,b7 to   
update ! dataset p]iodically1 z         
appropriate & practicable4  7#d7        
,num]ical wea!r model ,! t]m num]ical   
wea!r model means a wea!r model bas$    
prim>ily on c\pl$ ,e>? ,sy/em processes 
t uses num]ical computation to =eca/    
future ,e>? sy/em conditions4  7#e7     
,obs]vational data ,! t]m obs]vational  
data means data & metadata f actual     
obs]vations ( environm5tal conditions1  
includ+ remote s5s+ & 9 situ plat=ms4   
7#f7 ,seasonal1 subseasonal1 ,"u        
,secret>y1 wea!r ent]prise ! t]ms       

seasonal1 subseasonal1 ,"u ,secret>y1 & 
wea!r ent]prise h ! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 
9 section #b ( ! ,wea!r ,rese>* &       
,=eca/+ ,innovation ,act ( #bjag 7#ae   
,u4,s4,c4 #heja74  7#g7 ,syn!tic data ,!
 t]m syn!tic data means data produc$ f a
 model or /ati/ical me?od 9 ord] to fill
 gaps 9 obs]vational data4  7#h7 ,wea!r 
data ,! t]m wea!r data means in=mation  
us$ to track & pr$ict wea!r conditions &
 patt]ns1 includ+ =eca/s1 obs]vations1 &
 d]ivative products f su* in=mation4    
7b7 ,purpose ,! purpose ( ?is section   
is-- 7#a7 to improve accuracy &         
timel9ess ( wea!r1 wat]1 & space wea!r  
=eca/s & effective dissem9ation (       
critical in=mation2  7#b7 to /r5g!n     
analytic capacity to in=m res\rce       
deploym5ts 9 response to & to mitigate  
h>m f wea!r1 wat]1 wildfires1 & space   
wea!r haz>ds ?r\gh ! m&at$ exploration &
 use ( artificial intellig5ce by ,f$]al 
ag5cies2  7#c7 to /r5g!n public-private 
p>tn]%ips to accel]ate adoption &       
outcomes ( ! use ( artificial           

intellig5ce 9 response to & to mitigate 
su* h>m2 &  7#d7 to /r5g!n              
public-private p>tn]%ips 9 highly       
te*nical1 high-risk1 & high-rew>d fields
 relat$ to wea!r1 wat]1 wildfires1 &    
space wea!r =eca/s4  7c7 ,e>? sy/em     
=eca/+ & in=mation deliv]y  7#a7 ,tra9+ 
datasets ,n lat] ?an #d ye>s aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,"u         
,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y 
( ,en]gy1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national  
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration1 !   
,director ( ! ,national ,sci5ce         
,f\ndation1 ! ,director ( ! ,national   
,c5t] = ,atmosph]ic ,rese>*1 !          
,int]ag5cy ,c\ncil on ,advanc+          
,meteorological ,s]vices1 o!r           
appropriate ,f$]al advisory committees z
 det]m9$ by ! ,"u ,secret>y1 & su* o!r  
te*nical exp]ts z ! ,"u ,secret>y       
consid]s appropriate1 %all develop &    
curate compreh5sive wea!r =eca/+ tra9+  
datasets ) relevant ,e>? sy/em data1    
quality in=mation1 & metadata necess>y =
 wea!r =eca/+4  7#b7 ,use ( exi/+       

datasets ,9 ord] to spe$ ! developm5t ( 
! wea!r =eca/+ tra9+ datasets requir$ "u
 p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,"u ,secret>y %all    
assess1 & to ! greate/ ext5t practicable
 build on1 exi/+ ,e>? sy/em reanalysis  
datasets ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4  7#c7    
,artificial intellig5ce wea!r model     
7,a7 ,global model ,9 c>ry+ out ?is     
subsection1 ! ,"u ,secret>y1 9          
consultation ) appropriate ,f$]al       
advisory committees z det]m9$ by ! ,"u  
,secret>y1 may develop & te/ a global   
wea!r model bas$ on artificial          
intellig5ce te*nologies utiliz+ data ( !
 ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic       
,adm9i/ration to ! ext5t possible4  7,b7
 ,regional & local models ,9 addition to
 a global wea!r model "u subp>agraph    
7,a71 ! ,"u ,secret>y may exp]im5t )    
regional & local wea!r models bas$ on   
artificial intellig5ce te*nologies4     
7#d7 ,use ( artificial intellig5ce to   
dissem9ate in=mation ,9 coord9ation ) an
 artificial intellig5ce wea!r model or  
models develop$ "u p>agraph 7#c71 ! ,"u 

,secret>y may explore ! use ( artificial
 intellig5ce to enhance ! dissem9ation (
 in=mation ) respect to wea!r & wildfire
 risks & evaluate ! effectiv5ess (      
communication = improv$ public und]/&+ &
 prep>$ness4  7#e7 ,cont9u$ support =   
obs]vations1 basic rese>*1 & num]ical   
wea!r models ,not)/&+ ! requirem5ts (   
?is subsection1 ! ,"u ,secret>y %all    
cont9ue to support & advance !          
activities ( ! ,national ,oceanic &     
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration-- 7,a7 to     
collect & acquire traditional & novel   
obs]vational data relevant = artificial 
intellig5ce & num]ical wea!r1 wat]1 &   
space wea!r =eca/+2  7,b7 to advance    
rese>* on ! ,e>? sy/em & num]ical wea!r 
model =eca/+2  7,c7 to develop & advance
 num]ical ,e>? sy/em model+ =           
pr$ictions2  7,d7 to develop wea!r model
 data po/-process+ te*niques2 &  7,e7 to
 improve data assimilation te*niques4   
7#f7 ,obs]v+ sy/em cov]age ,9 c>ry+ out 
?is subsection1 ! ,"u ,secret>y may     
evaluate ! use ( co/ functions 9        

data-driv5 ma*9e le>n+ model tra9+ to   
balance inequities 9 obs]v+ sy/em       
cov]age & data poor areas4  7#g7        
,unc]ta9ty quantification rese>* ,9     
c>ry+ out ?is subsection1 ! ,"u         
,secret>y may develop unc]ta9ty         
quantification rese>* = ! purpose (     
accurate environm5tal risk & haz>d      
communications ( probabili/ic pr$ictions
 & =eca/s4  7#h7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #b 
ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 & n less frequ5tly ?an e #b ye>s  
!reaft] ?r\gh #bjce1 ! ,"u ,secret>y    
%all submit to ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1
 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate &
 ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &     
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a
 report on ! activities conduct$ "u ?is 
subsection4  7d7 ,advanc$ artificial    
intellig5ce applications = wea!r =eca/s 
& in=mation deliv]y ,! ,"u ,secret>y    
%all explore advanc$ applications (     
artificial intellig5ce to improve wea!r 
=eca/s & in=mation deliv]y1 su* z by--  
7#a7 improv+ data assimilation2  7#b7   

acc\nt+ = c\pl$ ,e>? sy/em processes2   
7#c7 improv+ read9ess & prep>$ness to   
combat wildfires1 mitigation ( ! risk f 
wildfires1 & improv+ safety =           
firefight]s & communities at risk f     
wildfires2  7#d7 us+ artificial         
intellig5ce wea!r models to g5]ate      
ensemble =eca/s to m accurately assess  
fl[-dep5d5t =eca/ unc]ta9ties2 &  7#e7  
improv+ impact-bas$ decision support to 
div]se us]s & communities = great]      
societal b5efits bas$ on ^? =eca/s4  7e7
 ,te*nical assi/ance on use ( artificial
 intellig5ce wea!r1 wat]1 & space wea!r 
models  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,"u ,secret>y  
%all provide-- 7,a7 te*nical assi/ance1 
data access1 & support = =eca/]s1       
sci5ti/s1 social sci5ti/s1 & eng9e]s to 
te/ & evaluate ! use & effectiv5ess ( ! 
artificial intellig5ce models ( !       
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration1 includ+ )9 ! te/b$s ( !  
,adm9i/ration2  7,b7 be/ practices on   
provid+ =eca/s bas$ on outputs f        
artificial intellig5ce wea!r models &   

num]ical wea!r models1 or a comb9ation  
!re(2 &  7,c7 support = em]g5cy manag]s 
to make op]ational decisions bas$ on    
outputs f artificial intellig5ce wea!r  
models & num]ical wea!r models1 or a    
comb9ation !re(4  7#b7 ,assessm5t (     
wea!r models  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,"u      
,secret>y %all support ! developm5t ( a 
common framework = ! assessm5t (        
num]ical wea!r models & artificial      
intellig5ce wea!r models by comp>+ model
 output & obs]vational data ov] a p]iod 
( "t 9 ! pa/ ?r\gh ! use ( su*          
me?odologies z ! ,"u ,secret>y consid]s 
appropriate4  7,b7 ,be/ practices ,9    
c>ry+ out ?is p>agraph1 ! ,"u ,secret>y 
may develop & dissem9ate be/ practices 9
 collaboration )-- 7i7 ! ,national      
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology1 !      
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,national ,sci5ce      
,f\ndation1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy2     
7ii7 academic & rese>* in/itutions2 &   
7iii7 ! private sector4  7#c7 ,te*nical 
assi/ance ,9 c>ry+ out ?is subsection1 !

 ,"u ,secret>y may provide te*nical     
assi/ance1 be/ practices1 & support     
requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 ?r\gh !        
,national ,wea!r ,s]vice4  7#d7         
,indep5d5t /udy on ! impacts (          
artificial intellig5ce wea!r1 wat]1 &   
space wea!r models ,! ,"u ,secret>y may 
ent] into an agreem5t ) ! ,national     
,academy ( ,sci5ces or ano!r entity z   
det]m9$ appropriate by ! ,"u ,secret>y  
to assess ! impacts ( artificial        
intellig5ce wea!r models on ! wea!r     
ent]prise & make recomm5dations to      
improve ! integration ( su* models 9    
op]ational =eca/+4  7f7 ,p>tn]%ips =    
trans=mational innovation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,! ,"u ,secret>y may explore novel     
/ructures = p>tn]%ips ) private1        
academic1 & int]national entities =     
rese>* & developm5t ( trans=mative      
innovation 9 wea!r =eca/+ & o!r         
environm5tal =eca/s-- 7,a7 to fur!r !   
und]/&+ ( wea!r1 wat]1 wildfires1 &     
space wea!r1 & _! societal impact2  7,b7
 to advance ! sci5ce ( wea!r & wat]     

=eca/+1 includ+ seasonal & subseasonal  
=eca/+2 &  7,c7 to develop1 evaluate1 & 
transition artificial intellig5ce wea!r1
 wat]1 & haz>d =eca/+ applications to   
op]ations4  7#b7 ,co-inve/m5t ,subject  
to applicable law1 ! ,"u ,secret>y may  
consid] & adopt novel co-inve/m5t       
/rategies ) ! private academic &        
int]national sectors to c>ry out        
p>agraph 7#a71 includ+-- 7,a7 non-,f$]al
 ,gov]nm5t contributions to res\rce &   
support high-risk1 high-return rese>* & 
developm5t 9 environm5tal =eca/+1 data  
sci5ce1 artificial intellig5ce1 & relat$
 fields2  7,b7 %>$ rights to            
intellectual prop]ty f rese>* &         
developm5t activities "u ?is subsection2
 &  7,c7 o!r approa*es to %>+ res\rces &
 results "u ?is subsection4  7g7        
,availability ( dataset  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! ,"u ,secret>y %all develop & implem5t
 a plan to make available to ! public1  
at no co/ & subject to applicable law & 
policy1 ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,op]ational      
artificial intellig5ce wea!r models     

develop$ by ! ,national ,oceanic &      
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration4  7,b7        
,artificial intellig5ce wea!r models t  
are n op]ational models1 includ+        
exp]im5tal & developm5tal models1 z !   
,"u ,secret>y det]m9es appropriate4     
7,c7 ,applicable in=mation &            
docum5tation = artificial intellig5ce   
wea!r models describ$ 9 subp>agraphs    
7,a7 & 7,b71 includ+ a description (    
int5d$ model outputs4  7,d7 ,subject to 
subsection 7i71 all data own$ by !      
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & data t ! ,"u         
,secret>y has ! legal "r to r$i/ribute t
 are associat$ ) artificial intellig5ce 
wea!r models made available to ! public 
pursuant to ! plan & us$ 9 op]ational   
=eca/+ by ! ,adm9i/ration1 includ+-- 7i7
 relevant metadata2 &  7ii7 data us$ =  
op]ational artificial intellig5ce wea!r 
models us$ by ! ,adm9i/ration4  7#b7    
,accommodations ,9 develop+ & implem5t+ 
! plan "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,"u ,secret>y
 may make su* accommodations z ! ,"u    
,secret>y consid]s appropriate to ensure

 t ! public release ( any artificial    
intellig5ce wea!r model1 in=mation1     
docum5tation1 or data pursuant to ! plan
 does n jeop>dize-- 7,a7 national       
security2  7,b7 intellectual prop]ty or 
r$i/ribution rights1 includ+ "u titles  
#ag & #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2  7,c7   
any trade secret or comm]cial or        
f9ancial in=mation subject to section   
#eeb7;b77#d7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code2  7,d7 any models or data t are   
o!rwise re/rict$ by contract or o!r     
writt5 agreem5t2 or  7,e7 ! mission ( ! 
,adm9i/ration to protect lives &        
prop]ty4  7#c7 ,report  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n
 lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! date ( !        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,"u ,secret>y    
%all submit to ,congress a report1 9 bo?
 unclassifi$ & classifi$ =m1 reg>d+ !   
risks to ! economic & intellectual      
security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f =eign      
c\ntries ( conc]n ?r\gh access by ^?    
c\ntries to wea!r data 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates4  7,b7 ,elem5ts ,! report requir$
 "u subp>agraph 7,a7 %all include-- 7i7 

a full analysis ( ! national1           
intellectual1 & economic security       
implications = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) respect
 to intellectual prop]ty !ft or cyb] or 
human espionage ?r\gh access to wea!r   
data2 &  7ii7 conclusions ( ! ,"u       
,secret>y & recomm5dations = legislative
 & adm9i/rative action1 if any4  7,c7   
,=eign c\ntry ( conc]n def9$ ,9 ?is     
p>agraph1 ! t]m =eign c\ntry ( conc]n   
has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #iija (
 ! ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,?ornb]ry        
,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act =  
,fiscal ,ye> #bjba 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4       
#dfea74  7h7 ,ret5tion ( f$]al gov]nm5t 
exp]tise ,subject to applicable law1 !  
,"u ,secret>y may consid] novel me?ods  
to recruit1 retra91 & reta9 exp]t       
p]sonnel to support activities "u ?is   
section1 includ+ by-- 7#a7 us+ me?ods to
 be competitive ) sal>ies outside !     
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2  7#b7 develop+ /aff   
ex*ange programs & tra9+ programs2 &    
7#c7 lev]ag+ div]se hir+ /rategies4  7i7
 ,protection ( national security int]e/s

  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r        
provision ( ?is section1 ! ,"u          
,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y 
( ,def5se1 z appropriate1 may )hold     
models or data us$ "u ?is section if !  
,"u ,secret>y det]m9es do+ s to be      
necess>y to protect ! national security 
int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,rule (
 con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be
 con/ru$ to sup]s$e any o!r provision ( 
law gov]n+ ! protection ( ! national    
security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7j7
 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re is 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,"u     
,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7#a7
 = fiscal ye> #bjbf1 #caa1jjj1jjj2 &    
7#b7 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbg ?r\gh    
#bjcj1 #gf1jjj1jjj4