,,iv  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #ice  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #i1 #bjbe,mr4
 ,?an$> submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2   
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !       
,judici>y  ,,resolution  ,impea*+ ,pet] 
,b4 ,hegse?1 ,secret>y ( ,def5se ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates1 = high crimes &          
misdemeanors4  ,t ,pet] ,b4 ,hegse?1    
,secret>y ( ,def5se1 is impea*$ = high  
crimes & misdemeanors1 & t ! foll[+     
articles ( impea*m5t be exhibit$ to !   
,s5ate3 ,articles ( impea*m5t exhibit$  
by ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ( ,am]ica 9 ! "n ( itself & ( ! p
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 aga9/     
,pet] ,b4 ,hegse?1 ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 
9 ma9t5ance & support ( its impea*m5t   
aga9/ him = high crimes & misdemeanors4 
,article ,i3 ,murd] & conspiracy to     
murd]  ,section #aaaa ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 provides t ,murd]  
is ! unlawful kill+ ( a human be+ )     
malice a=e?\ght & t ,e murd] p]petrat$  
by 4 4 4 willful1 delib]ate1 malici\s1 &

 prem$itat$ kill+ 4 4 4 or p]petrat$ f a
 prem$itat$ design unlawfully &         
malici\sly to effect ! dea? ( any human 
be+ o!r ?an him :o is kill$1 is murd] 9 
! fir/ degree4  ,section #aaaa ( title  
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 fur!r provides
 t ,)9 ! special m>itime & t]ritorial   
jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,:oev]  
is guilty ( murd] 9 ! fir/ degree %all  
be puni%$ by dea? or by imprisonm5t =   
life4  ,section #aaag ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 provides = ! (f5se 
( conspiracy to murd]1 9 t ,if two or m 
p]sons conspire to violate section      
#aaaa1 #aaad1 #aaaf1 or #aaai ( ?is     
title1 & "o or m ( su* p]sons d any ov]t
 act to effect ! object ( ! conspiracy1 
ea* %all be puni%$ by imprisonm5t = any 
t]m ( ye>s or = life4  ,additionally1   
section #bdda ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 provides1 9 relevant "p1 t ! t]m
 w> crime means any conduct t con/itutes
 a grave brea* ( common ,article #c ( ! 
,g5eva ,conv5tion ( #aidi1 to include   
murd] & int5tionally caus+ s]i\s bodily 

injury1 among/ o!r items4  ,secret>y    
,pet] ,b4 ,hegse? is ! pr9cipal civil   
(fic] 9 comm& ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 subord9ate only to ! ,presid5t 
z ,comm&]-9-,*ief1 & is emp[]$ by law to
 sup]vise & issue ord]s to ! ,arm$      
,=ces4  ,on ,septemb] #b1 #bjbe1 act+ on
 ! ord]s ( ,secret>y ,hegse?1 ! ,arm$   
,=ces comm5c$ a campaign ( le?al /rikes 
& extrajudicial kill+s aga9/ small boats
 9 ! ,c>ibbean ,sea & ! ea/]n ,pacific  
,ocean4  ,?is campaign has suppos$ly be5
 t>get$ aga9/ drug smuggl]s !           
adm9i/ration claims are n>co-t]rori/s1  
)\t provid+ any evid5ce to t effect4    
,?is campaign has be5 conduct$ )\t any  
au?orization 9 law or by ,congress = !  
use ( milit>y =ce4 ,?is campaign has    
includ$ no attempt to int]cept & bo>d ! 
t>get$ vessels1 & has provid$ no w>n+s  
or opportunity to comply1 z w\ld be done
 9 ! case ( lawful drug int]diction     
op]ations4  ,9 p>ticul>1 on ,septemb]   
#b1 #bjbe1 ! fir/ su* boat /rike 0 c>ri$
 out 9 ! ,c>ibbean ,sea1 (f ! coa/ (    

,s\? ,am]ica4 ,! boat conta9$ #aa       
p]sons1 ^: id5tities 7 & rema9 unkn[n to
 ! ,am]ican public4  ,exp]ts h obs]v$ t 
?is l>ge numb] ( p 9 su* a small vessel 
w\ld be m likely indicative ( migrants  
?an ( drug smuggl+4 ,giv5 its location1 
x is likely ! boat 0 transit+ f         
,v5ezuela to ,tr9idad & ,tobago1 an isl&
 nation locat$ j (f ( its %ore4 ,! boat 
9 "q 0 incapable ( rea*+ ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 ?\s&s ( miles away1 )\t refuel+ 
num]\s times4 ,all evid5ce ( ! boat's   
c>go & purposes has n[ be5 de/roy$4     
,secret>y ,hegse? gave an ord] to c>ry  
out ?is /rike4 ,9 s do+1 ,secret>y      
,hegse? also gave a spok5 directive1    
describ$ by someone ) direct k ( !      
op]ation z the ord] 0 to kill ev]ybody1 
& confirm$ by multiple cr$ible s\rces to
 h includ$ words sub/antially to t      
effect4  ,an initial /rike on ! t>get$  
boat r5d]$ ! vessel inop]able1          
effectively de/roy$1 & result$ 9 ! dea? 
( ! majority on bo>d4 ,at lea/ two      
survivors 7 subsequ5tly obs]v$ cl++ to !

 wreckage4  ,9 compliance ) ! ord] (    
,secret>y ,hegse?1 ! ,arm$ ,=ces c>ri$  
out a second /rike ) ! express1 willful1
 & delib]ate purpose ( kill+ ! %ipwreck$
 survivors ( ! initial /rike4  ,! ,law (
 ,w> ,manual ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1   
:i* provides au?oritative legal guidance
 = milit>y conduct1 /ates ,x is =bidd5  
to decl>e t no qu>t] w be giv51 &       
combatants plac$ hors de combat mu/ n be
 made ! object ( attack4  ,! murd] (    
%ipwreck$ survivors is ! mo/ fundam5tal 
example1 e/abli%$ by c5turies ( prec$5t1
 ( an unambigu\s crime on ! high seas4  
,?is pr9ciple has be5 aggressively      
upheld & en=c$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 pa/ 
conflicts4 ,x is a practice absolutely  
prohibit$ "u all circum/ances1 includ+  
aga9/ memb]s ( a combatant enemy =ce 9 a
 g5u9e w> or arm$ conflict4  ,accord+ to
 long/&+ int]national & ,unit$ ,/ates   
law1 comm&+ milit>y (fic]s & sup]ior    
civil (fic]s are subject to ! doctr9e ( 
comm& responsibility = crimes committ$  
by _! subord9ates 9 ! *a9 ( comm&4 ,!y  

are also responsible = ! reasonably     
=eseeable consequ5ces ( _! ord]s1 & =   
ensur+ all ord]s are c>ri$ out 9 a      
lawful mann]4  ,secret>y ,hegse? has    
betray$ 8 tru/ z ,secret>y ( ,def5se1   
violat$ ! crim9al laws & int]national   
obligations ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 expos$   
memb]s ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces to pot5tial      
liability & h>ms1 imp]il$ our mo/       
fundam5tal pr9ciples ( civil-milit>y    
relations1 & t>ni%$ ! good /&+ &        
reputation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 !        
community ( nations1 all 9 ! c\rse (    
committ+ "o ( ! mo/ flagrant & notori\s 
( crimes1 long recogniz$ by all civiliz$
 societies4  ,9 all ( ^! ?+s1 ,secret>y 
,hegse? has committ$ ! high crimes &    
misdemeanors ( murd] & conspiracy to    
murd]4  ,:]e=e1 ,secret>y ,hegse?1 by   
su* conduct1 w>rants impea*m5t & trial1 
removal f (fice1 & disqualification to  
hold & enjoy any (fice ( honor1 tru/1 or
 pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,article    
,,ii3 ,reckless & unlawful mi%&l+ (     
classifi$ in=mation  ,section #aibd (   

title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 provides
 t ,:oev]1 be+ an (fic]1 employee1      
contractor1 or consultant ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 &1 by virtue ( 8 (fice1         
employm5t1 position1 or contract1       
becomes possess$ ( docum5ts or mat]ials 
conta9+ classifi$ in=mation ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 kn[+ly removes su* docum5ts or  
mat]ials )\t au?ority & ) ! int5t to    
reta9 su* docum5ts or mat]ials at an    
unau?oriz$ location %all be f9$ "u ?is  
title or imprison$ = n m ?an five ye>s1 
or bo?4  ,section #aibd ( title #ah1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 fur!r provides t ,9
 ?is section1 ! t]m classifi$ in=mation 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates means in=mation       
orig9at$1 own$1 or possess$ by ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ,gov]nm5t conc]n+ ! national     
def5se or =eign relations ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates t has be5 det]m9$ pursuant to law
 or ,executive ord] to require          
protection aga9/ unau?oriz$ disclosure 9
 ! int]e/s ( national security4  ,9 !   
ex]cise ( 8 (fice ( ,secret>y1 ,pet] ,b4
 ,hegse? has access to ! mo/ s5sitive   

classifi$ in=mation1 includ+ plans &    
advanc$ k ( combat op]ations be+        
und]tak5 by ! ,arm$ ,=ces4  ,9 e>ly     
#bjbe1 ! ,arm$ ,=ces conduct$ combat    
op]ations aga9/ ,h\?i =ces 9 ,yem5 9    
retaliation = attacks on comm]cial      
vessels & ,unit$ ,/ates naval vessels   
transit+ ne>by4  ,f ,m>* #aa1 #bjbe1    
?r\gh ,m>* #ae1 #bjbe1 num]\s high-rank+
 (ficials conduct$ a gr\p *at us+ !     
comm]cial messag+ program ,signal to    
discuss ! plann+ & decision-mak+ beh9d  
upcom+ air/rikes 9 ,yem54  ,signal is n 
an au?oriz$ plat=m or location = !      
lawful discussion & ret5tion ( classifi$
 in=mation4  ,9 addition to ,secret>y   
,hegse?1 ! ,signal gr\p *at includ$ !   
,vice ,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 ! ,director (  
,national ,intellig5ce1 ! ,director ( ! 
,c5tral ,intellig5ce ,ag5cy1 ! ,national
 ,security ,advisor1 & ! ,:ite ,h\se    
,*ief ( ,/aff1 toge!r ) a v>iety (      
subord9ates4  ,jeffrey ,goldb]g1        
editor-9-*ief ( ! ,atlantic & a j\rnali/

 specializ+ 9 cov]+ =eign affairs1 0    
also add$ to ! ,signal gr\p *at4        
,jeffrey ,goldb]g obs]v$ t highly       
s5sitive classifi$ in=mation 0 be+      
discuss$1 z well z decision-mak+ at !   
highe/ level ab\t ! =eign & national    
security policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 all (
 :i* 0 s5t unsolicit$ to 8 p]sonal      
,signal acc\nt4  ,on ,m>* #ae1 #bjbe1 9 
messages to ! ,signal gr\p *at1         
,secret>y ,hegse? detail$ op]ational    
in=mation reg>d+ imm95t air/rikes 9     
,yem51 includ+ t>get in=mation1 weapons 
sy/ems to be employ$1 & attack sequ5c+4 
,^! messages include in=mation on !     
laun* times ( ,f-#ah aircraft1 ,,mq-#i  
drones1 & tomahawk missiles1 ! "t :5 !  
,f-#ah aircraft w\ld rea* _! t>gets1 & !
 "t :5 ! bombs w\ld l&4 ,^! /rikes 7    
subsequ5tly c>ri$ out z plann$ lat] t   
day4  ,on ,m>* #bd1 #bjbe1 ,jeffrey     
,goldb]g publi%$ an article 9 !         
,atlantic rec\nt+ ?is exp]i5ce1 entitl$ 
,! ,trump ,adm9i/ration ,accid5tally    
,text$ ,me ,its ,w> ,plans4 ,! ,atlantic

 subsequ5tly publi%$ ! full transcripts 
( ! ,signal gr\p *at1 & ! au!nticity (  
^? transcripts has be5 confirm$ by !    
adm9i/ration4  ,su* reckless & unlawful 
h&l+ ( classifi$ in=mation w\ld be1 =   
any ( ,secret>y ,hegse?'s millions (    
civilian & milit>y subord9ates1 a       
c>e]-end+ (f5se & likely result 9       
crim9al prosecution4  ,by 8 actions1    
,secret>y ,hegse? recklessly endang]$   
memb]s ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces engag$ 9 combat  
op]ations1 und]m9$ good ord] & morale1 &
 set an example ( unpr(essionalism &    
incompet5ce at ! highe/ levels ( !      
national comm& au?ority4  ,9 all ( ^!   
?+s1 ,secret>y ,hegse? has committ$ !   
high crimes & misdemeanors ( reckless & 
unlawful mi%&l+ ( classifi$ in=mation4  
,:]e=e1 ,secret>y ,hegse?1 by su*       
conduct1 w>rants impea*m5t & trial1     
removal f (fice1 & disqualification to  
hold & enjoy any (fice ( honor1 tru/1 or
 pr(it "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates4