,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ifgc  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,july #ad1 #bjbf,mr4  
,ezell 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,panetta1 ,ms4  
,tokuda1 & ,ms4 ,p+ree7 introduc$ !     
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,natural ,res\rces1 & 9   
addition to ! ,committee on ,education &
 ,work=ce1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly  
det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case =      
consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 
! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to require ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! 
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration to e/abli% an assessm5t   
program = comm]cial-scale (f%ore        
aquaculture ?r\gh demon/ration projects1
 to e/abli% ,aquaculture ,c5t]s (       
,excell5ce1 to support aquaculture      
work=ce developm5t & work+ wat]fronts1 &
 = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2 table
 ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act   
may be cit$ z ! ,m>9e ,aquaculture      
,rese>* = ,am]ica ,act ( #bjbf or !     
,,m>a ,act ( #bjbf4  7b7 ,table (       

cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table
 ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,purposes4 ,sec4  
#c4 ,def9itions4 ,,title ,i--,(fice (   
,aquaculture ,sec4 #aja4 ,(fice (       
,aquaculture4 ,,title                   
,,ii--,comm]cial-scale demon/ration     
projects ,sec4 #bja4 ,assessm5t program 
= (f%ore aquaculture4 ,sec4 #bjb4       
,p]mits = demon/ration projects = (f%ore
 aquaculture facilities4 ,sec4 #bjc4    
,coord9ation ( p]mit reviews =          
demon/ration projects4 ,sec4 #bjd4      
,report+ by assessm5t program           
p>ticipants4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,rule (        
con/ruction2 sav+s provisions4 ,,title  
,,iii--,work=ce developm5t1 f9anc+1 &   
o!r support ,sec4 #cja4 ,g5]al support =
 indu/ry4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,aquaculture      
,c5t]s ( ,excell5ce4 ,,title            
,,iv--,/udies & reports ,sec4 #dja4     
,/udy on (f%ore aquaculture by ,ocean   
,/udies ,bo>d ( ! ,national ,academies (
 ,sci5ces1 ,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e4 ,sec4   
#djb4 ,report on (f%ore aquaculture by  

,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice4  #b4   
,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are--  
7#a7 to au?orize ! ,national ,oceanic & 
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration to e/abli% &  
/udy comm]cial-scale demon/ration       
projects to answ] sci5tific que/ions    
ne$$ to safely & su/a9ably regulate     
(f%ore aquaculture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2   
7#b7 to commission a /udy & report to   
assess ! environm5tal & regulatory      
viability ( a ,unit$ ,/ates (f%ore      
aquaculture indu/ry2  7#c7 to support   
aquaculture work=ce developm5t & work+  
wat]fronts by creat+ new jobs & to      
support exi/+ jobs & bus9esses )9 !     
seafood indu/ry ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1      
includ+ jobs & bus9esses = traditional  
p>ticipants 9 ! fi%+ indu/ry2  7#d7 to  
e/abli% ,aquaculture ,c5t]s ( ,excell5ce
 to meet ! ne$s ( ! gr[+ dome/ic        
su/a9able aquaculture indu/ry2  7#e7 to 
r$uce ! ,unit$ ,/ates seafood trade     
deficit by exp&+ ! dome/ic supply (     
seafood ?r\gh ! production ( su/a9able  
(f%ore aquaculture2 &  7#f7 to support !

 developm5t ( (f%ore aquaculture 9 a    
mann] t m9imizes conflicts ) exi/+      
recreational & comm]cial fi%+ access &  
uses4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3     
7#a7 ,adm9i/ration ,! t]m ,adm9i/ration 
means ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic
 ,adm9i/ration4  7#b7 ,adm9i/rator ,!   
t]m ,adm9i/rator means ! ,adm9i/rator ( 
! ,adm9i/ration4  7#c7 ,appropriate     
committees ( ,congress ,! t]m           
appropriate committees ( ,congress      
means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1  
,sci5ce1 & ,transportation1 ! ,committee
 on ,environm5t & ,public ,works1 & !   
,committee on ,agriculture1 ,nutrition1 
& ,=e/ry ( ! ,s5ate2 &  7,b7 !          
,committee on ,natural ,res\rces1 !     
,committee on ,agriculture1 & !         
,committee on ,transportation &         
,infra/ructure ( ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tatives4  7#d7 ,aquaculture ,!  
t]m aquaculture--  7,a7 means any       
activity involv$ 9 ! propagation1 re>+1 
or attempt$ propagation or re>+1 (      
cultur$ species1 includ+ ! capture (    

wild individuals = re>+ z brood/ock2 &  
7,b7 does n include ! practice (--  7i7 
captur+ juv5ile f9fi% to re> to maturity
 9 an aquaculture facility = subsequ5t  
comm]cial sale1 commonly ref]r$ to z    
ran*+2 or  7ii7 re>+ & releas+ cultur$  
species = ! purpose ( enhanc+ wild      
populations4  7#e7 ,aquaculture         
/akehold] ,! t]m aquaculture /akehold]  
means-- 7,a7 an own] or op]ator ( an    
(f%ore aquaculture facility or a l& or  
coa/al-bas$ facility support+ (f%ore    
op]ation1 includ+ hat*]ies & nurs]ies2  
7,b7 a ,regional ,fi%]y ,managem5t      
,c\ncil e/abli%$ "u section #cjb7;a7 ( !
 ,magnuson-,/ev5s ,fi%]y ,cons]vation & 
,managem5t ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4          
#aheb7;a772  7,c7 an int]/ate fi%]ies   
commission2  7,d7 a cons]vation         
organization2  7,e7 a fi%]ies           
association2  7,f7 a ,/ate or c\nty     
gov]nm5t2  7,g7 an ,indian ,tribe2  7,h7
 a ,native ,hawaiian organization2  7,i7
 a ,native ,hawaiian community2  7,j7 a 
,tribal or ,indig5\s community2  7,k7 a 

,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cy ) int]e/s 9       
aquaculture2 or  7,l7 any o!r int]e/$   
p>ty4  7#f7 ,coa/al ,/ate ,! t]m coa/al 
,/ate has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m coa/al /ate
 9 section #cjd7d7 ( ! ,coa/al ,zone    
,managem5t ,act ( #aigb 7#af ,u4,s4,c4  
#adec7d774  7#g7 ,cultur$ species ,! t]m
 cultur$ species-- 7,a7 means any       
species propagat$ & re>$ = m>9e         
aquaculture2  7,b7 includes m>9e %ellfi%
 species int5d$ = propagation t         
self-recruit to aquaculture /ructures 9 
! (f%ore environm5t2 &  7,c7 excludes   
any memb] ( ! class ,aves1 ,reptilia1 or
 ,mammalia4  7#h7 ,escape ,! t]m escape 
means ! escape ( juv5ile- or adult-f>m$ 
organisms or f]tiliz$ eggs spawn$ by    
cultur$ species f (f%ore aquaculture    
facilities or l& or coa/al-bas$         
hat*]ies1 nurs]ies1 or associat$        
facilities4  7#i7 ,exclusive economic   
zone  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,unless o!rwise     
specifi$ by ! ,presid5t 9 ! public      
int]e/ 9 a writ+ publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al     
,regi/]1 ! t]m exclusive economic zone  

means a zone1 ! out] b\nd>y ( :i*--  7i7
 except z provid$ by clause 7ii71 is    
#bjj nautical miles f ! basel9e f :i* ! 
bread? ( ! t]ritorial sea is measur$2 or
  7ii7 7,i7 if an applicable m>itime    
b\nd>y treaty is 9 =ce or is be+        
provisionally appli$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 is e/abli%$ by t treaty2 or  7,,ii7 9 !
 abs5ce ( su* a treaty & 9 a case 9 :i* 
! di/ance betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ano!r
 c\ntry is less ?an #djj nautical miles1
 is a l9e equidi/ant betwe5 ! ,unit$    
,/ates & ! o!r c\ntry4  7,b7 ,inn]      
b\nd>y ,)\t affect+ any ,presid5tial    
proclamation ) reg>d to ! e/abli%m5t ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritorial sea or        
exclusive economic zone1 ! inn] b\nd>y (
 ! exclusive economic zone is--  7i7 9 !
 case ( ! coa/al ,/ates1 a l9e cot]m9\s 
) ! seaw>d b\nd>y ( ea* su* ,/ate1 z    
describ$ 9 section #d ( ! ,subm]g$ ,l&s 
,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #acab72  7ii7 9 !   
case ( ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico1 a 
l9e #i nautical miles f ! coa/l9e ( !   
,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico2  7iii7 9 ! 

case ( ,am]ican ,samoa1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,virg9 ,isl&s1 or ,guam1 a l9e #c       
geographic miles f ! coa/l9es ( ,am]ican
 ,samoa1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s1 
or ,guam1 respectively2 or  7iv7 9 !    
case ( ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn       
,m>iana ,isl&s--  7,i7 ! coa/l9e ( !    
,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s1
 until ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn       
,m>iana ,isl&s is grant$ au?ority by !  
,unit$ ,/ates to regulate all fi%+ to a 
l9e seaw>d ( its coa/l9e2 &  7,,ii7 ^u !
 ,unit$ ,/ates grant ( su* au?ority1 !  
l9e e/abli%$ by su* grant ( au?ority4   
7,c7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is    
p>agraph may be con/ru$ to dim9i% !     
au?ority ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 !     
,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 or any o!r      
,f$]al ag5cy4  7#aj7 ,fi%]y /akehold]s  
,! t]m fi%]y /akehold]s means--  7,a7   
subsi/5ce fi%]y p>ticipants & _!        
dep5d5ts2  7,b7 comm]cial fi%]m52  7,c7 
seafood process+ & di/ribution work]s2  
7,d7 recreational fi%]y p>ticipants2    
7,e7 ,tribal fi%]ies2 &  7,f7 t]ritorial

 fi%+ communities1 includ+ su*          
communities 9 ,hawaii1 ,am]ican ,samoa1 
,guam1 ! ,commonweal? ( ! ,nor!rn       
,m>iana ,isl&s1 ,pu]to ,rico1 & ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s4  7#aa7           
,g5etically modifi$ organism2 g5etically
 modifi$ ,! t]ms g5etically modifi$     
organism & g5etically modifi$ mean any  
organism ^: g5etic mat]ial 7,,dna7 has  
be5 alt]$ us+ te*nology 9 a way t does n
 occur naturally by conv5tional bre$+ or
 natural processes & results 9 p]man5t1 
h]itable *anges1 ) ! exception (        
/]ilization4  7#ab7 ,indian ,tribe ,!   
t]m ,indian ,tribe has ! mean+ giv5 t   
t]m 9 section #d ( ! ,indian            
,self-,det]m9ation & ,education         
,assi/ance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74  
7#ac7 ,in/itution ( high] education ,!  
t]m in/itution ( high] education has !  
mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #bja ( !     
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajja74  7#ad7 ,native        
,hawaiian community ,! t]m ,native      
,hawaiian community means ! di/9ct      

,native ,hawaiian indig5\s political    
community t ,congress1 ex]cis+ its pl5>y
 p[] ov] ,native ,am]ican affairs1 has  
recogniz$ & ) :i* ,congress has         
implem5t$ a special political & tru/    
relation%ip4  7#ae7 ,native ,hawaiian   
organization ,! t]m ,native ,hawaiian   
organization has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9   
section #fbjg ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y 
,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4  
#geag7 & includes ! ,dep>tm5t (         
,hawaiian ,home ,l&s & ! ,(fice (       
,hawaiian ,affairs4  7#af7 ,national sea
 grant college program ,! t]m national  
sea grant college program means !       
program ma9ta9$ "u section #bjd7;a7 ( ! 
,national ,sea ,grant ,college ,program 
,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #aabc7;a774  7#ag7  
,(f%ore aquaculture ,! t]m (f%ore       
aquaculture means aquaculture conduct$ 9
 ! exclusive economic zone4  7#ah7      
,(f%ore aquaculture facility ,! t]m     
(f%ore aquaculture facility means--     
7,a7 an in/allation or /ructure us$1 9  
:ole or 9 "p1 = (f%ore aquaculture2 or  

7,b7 an area ( ! seab$ or wat] column   
us$ = (f%ore aquaculture4  7#ai7 ,/ate  
,! t]m ,/ate means ea* ( ! sev]al       
,/ates1 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 !       
,commonweal? ( ,pu]to ,rico1 ,am]ican   
,samoa1 ! ,virg9 ,isl&s1 ,guam1 & any   
o!r ,commonweal?1 t]ritory1 or          
possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#bj7    
,tribal l& ,! t]m ,tribal l& means l& t 
is subject to ! jurisdiction ( an       
,indian ,tribe4  7#ba7 ,tribal or       
,indig5\s community ,! t]m ,tribal or   
,indig5\s community means a population (
 p :o are-- 7,a7 enroll$ memb]s ( an    
,indian ,tribe2  7,b7 memb]s ( an       
,alaska ,native or ,native ,hawaiian    
community or organization2 or  7,c7     
memb]s ( any o!r community ( ,indig5\s p
 locat$ 9 a ,/ate4  ,i ,(fice (         
,aquaculture  #aja4 ,(fice (            
,aquaculture  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is   
e/abli%$ )9 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,national  
,m>9e ,fi%]ies ,s]vice ( ! ,adm9i/ration
 ! ,(fice ( ,aquaculture 79 ?is section 
ref]r$ to z ! ,(fice74  7b7 ,res\rces ,!

 ,adm9i/rator %all ensure ! ,(fice is   
provid$ ) suffici5t res\rces to c>ry out
 ! duties ( ! ,(fice "u subsection 7d71 
subject to available appropriations4    
7c7 ,repres5tation at regional fi%]ies  
(fices  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator   
%all provide = repres5tation ( ! ,(fice 
9 ea* ( ! regional fi%]ies (fices ( !   
,adm9i/ration4  7#b7 ,m9imum pres5ce ,9 
c>ry+ out p>agraph 7#a71 !              
,adm9i/rator--  7,a7 %all provide = !   
placem5t ( at lea/ "o regional          
aquaculture coord9ator f ! ,(fice 9 ea* 
regional fi%]ies (fice2  7,b7 %all      
o!rwise ensure t ! repres5tation ( !    
,(fice at a regional fi%]ies (fice is1  
at a m9imum1 suffici5t to p]mit ! ,(fice
 to fulfill ! duties ( ! ,(fice "u      
subsection 7d72 &  7,c7 may increase t  
repres5tation to ! ext5t w>rant$ by !   
activity & int]e/ ( aquaculture         
/akehold]s 9 ! region4  7d7 ,duties ,!  
,(fice %all--  7#a7 coord9ate !         
implem5tation ( ?is ,act1 includ+       
adm9i/ration (-- 7,a7 ! (f%ore          

aquaculture assessm5t program e/abli%$  
"u section #bja2 &  7,b7 ! issuance (   
p]mits "u section #bjb2  7#b7 coord9ate 
regulatory1 sci5tific1 outrea*1 &       
int]national issues relat$ to           
aquaculture )9 ! ,adm9i/ration2  7#c7   
collaborate ) & lev]age exi/+ ef=ts by !
 ,adm9i/rator-- 7,a7 to conduct outrea*1
 education1 ext5sion s]vices1 & tra9+   
ef=ts = aquaculture & (f%ore            
aquaculture2 &  7,b7 to engage )        
aquaculture /akehold]s &1 p]iodically1  
conv5e conf]5ces or work%ops =          
aquaculture /akehold]s to ex*ange       
in=mation & ideas2  7#d7 develop        
recomm5dations = be/ managem5t practices
 = (f%ore aquaculture op]ations t1 at a 
m9imum--  7,a7 enc\rage developm5t (    
(f%ore aquaculture 9 a mann] t complies 
) environm5tal law2  7,b7 are bas$ on ! 
be/ sci5tific in=mation available2  7,c7
 take into acc\nt traditional k (       
,tribal & ,indig5\s communities z       
appropriate to ! region2  7,d7 are      
adaptive to (f%ore aquaculture          

developm5ts1 su* z updates 9 te*nology &
 diff]5t environm5tal conditions2  7,e7 
pref] species t are native or           
hi/orically naturaliz$ to ! region2     
7,f7 evaluate &1 :]e appropriate1       
incorporate practices t r$uce reliance  
on wild-caught m>9e =age 9 aquaculture  
fe$s1 consi/5t ) be/ available sci5ce & 
! availability ( su/a9able alt]natives2 
&  7,g7 prioritize ! heal? ( cultur$    
species2  7#e7 coord9ate & conduct      
additional rese>* to support !          
developm5t ( su/a9able (f%ore           
aquaculture2  7#f7 adm9i/] support =    
indu/ry "u section #cja2  7#g7 adm9i/] !
 ,aquaculture ,c5t]s ( ,excell5ce "u    
section #cjb2  7#h7 adm9i/] ! contract  
to conduct ! /udy describ$ 9 section    
#dja2 &  7#i7 coord9ate ! engagem5t ( ! 
,adm9i/ration ) ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates z ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al   
prep>es ! report requir$ by section     
#djb4  7e7 ,agreem5ts ) ,/ates  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,^u reque/ ( ! ,gov]nor ( a coa/al
 ,/ate1 ! ,adm9i/rator may ent] into an 

agreem5t ) ! ,/ate to all[ ! ,/ate1 &   
aquaculture /akehold]s 9 ! ,/ate z      
appropriate1 to p>ticipate 9 activities 
au?oriz$ "u sections #bja & #bjc &      
titles ,,iii & ,,iv ) respect to        
aquaculture op]ations locat$ 9 ,/ate    
wat]s t-- 7,a7 are directly expos$ to   
op5 ocean conditions2 &  7,b7 possess   
oceanographic or ba?ymetric *>act]i/ics 
sub/antially simil> to (f%ore wat]s ( ! 
exclusive economic zone4  7#b7          
,limitation ,an agreem5t ent]$ into "u  
?is subsection %all n be con/ru$ to     
subject aquaculture op]ations 9 ,/ate   
wat]s to p]mitt+ or regulatory          
requirem5ts applicable exclusively to   
(f%ore aquaculture 9 ! exclusive        
economic zone1 unless expressly provid$ 
9 su* agreem5t & au?oriz$ "u applicable 
,/ate law4  7#c7 ,rule ( con/ruction    
,no?+ 9 ?is subsection or 9 any agreem5t
 ent]$ into "u ?is subsection %all be   
con/ru$ to displace1 sup]s$e1 or dim9i% 
! au?ority ( a coa/al ,/ate to regulate 
aquaculture )9 its wat]s or ! au?ority (

 ! ,adm9i/rator "u o!rwise applicable   
law4  7f7 ,budget reque/ ,! ,adm9i/rator
 %all include1 9 ! budget ju/ification  
mat]ials submitt$ to ,congress 9 support
 ( ! budget ( ! ,presid5t = a fiscal ye>
 pursuant to section #aaje ( title #ca1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 a reque/ = fund+ = 
! ,(fice z a sep>ate l9e item ) !       
,national ,m>9e ,fi%]ies ,s]vice4  ,,ii 
,comm]cial-scale demon/ration projects  
#bja4 ,assessm5t program = (f%ore       
aquaculture  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ( program  
,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( !   
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all
 e/abli% an assessm5t program 79 ?is    
section ref]r$ to z ! assessm5t program7
 ) ! objective ( assess+ ! viability (  
(f%ore aquaculture-- 7#a7 9 light (     
*ang+ circum/ances & advances 9         
te*nology2 &  7#b7 us+ ! be/ available  
sci5ce1 in=mation f aquaculture         
/akehold]s1 & in=mation develop$ f      
demon/ration projects = :i* p]mits are  
issu$ "u section #bjb4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,at
 a m9imum1 ! assessm5t program %all     

exam9e ! foll[+ 9 ord] to det]m9e !     
viability ( (f%ore aquaculture3  7#a7 ,!
 ability ( diff]5t comm]cial-scale      
facility designs & op]ational me?ods--  
7,a7 to survive v>i\s atmosph]ic & ocean
 conditions1 includ+ high w9d spe$s or  
high-en]gy ocean conditions associat$ ) 
sev]e wea!r1 or tidal or tsunami        
activity1 :ile prev5t+1 to ! ext5t      
possible--  7i7 escapes2  7ii7 loss ( or
 damage to infra/ructure2 or  7iii7     
wildlife entanglem5t result+ f loss or  
damag$ infra/ructure2  7,b7 to prev5t1  
to ! ext5t possible1 entanglem5ts ( l>ge
 :ales1 sea turtles1 & o!r species      
protect$ "u--  7i7 ! ,endang]$ ,species 
,act ( #aigc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #aeca et    
seq472 &  7ii7 ! ,m>9e ,mammal          
,protection ,act ( #aigb 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 
#acfa et seq472  7,c7 to prev5t1 to !   
ext5t possible1 adv]se impacts on ! m>9e
 environm5t1 includ+ impacts to habitat1
 wat] *emi/ry1 & wildlife2 &  7,d7 to   
comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,coa/ ,gu>d & ,unit$ ,/ates ,army      

,corps ( ,eng9e]s 9 prev5t+ adv]se      
impacts on navigation & safety to exi/+ 
ocean us]s due to (f%ore aquaculture    
facilities1 includ+ requirem5ts =       
op]ations1 navigation1 & transit        
associat$ ) su* facilities4  7#b7 ,!    
ability ( diff]5t te*nologies to provide
 reliable & timely data on (f%ore       
aquaculture facilities1 includ+ visual  
data & o!r relevant data types1 on a    
regul> basis to enable ! ,adm9i/rator to
 monitor-- 7,a7 ! compliance (          
demon/ration projects = :i* p]mits are  
issu$ "u section #bjb ) ! requirem5ts "u
 subsection 7b7 ( su* section2  7,b7    
impacts on ! m>9e environm5t2 &  7,c7   
int]f]5ce ) exi/+ uses ( ! wat] bodies 9
 :i* demon/ration projects = :i* p]mits 
are issu$ "u section #bjb are locat$4   
7#c7 ,! relative risks1 b5efits1 & co/s 
( v>i\s types ( (f%ore aquaculture1     
includ+ diff]5t cultur$ species1 9      
diff]5t geographies & "u v>y+           
environm5tal conditions4  7c7 ,report   
requir$ ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date 

on :i* ! ,adm9i/rator e/abli%es !       
assessm5t program1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all  
publi%1 make available to ! public1 &   
submit to ! ,national ,academy (        
,sci5ces & ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 a report t includes !    
foll[+3  7#a7 ,a description ( ea*      
demon/ration project = :i* a p]mit is   
issu$ "u section #bjb1 includ+          
docum5tation support+ ! issuance ( !    
p]mit & summ>y ( in=mation submitt$ to !
 ,adm9i/rator = ea* demon/ration        
project4  7#b7 ,a description ( !       
progress made t[>d meet+ ! objective    
describ$ 9 subsection 7a74  7d7 ,rule ( 
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be 
con/ru$ to require ! developm5t ( new   
assessm5t frameworks :]e exi/+          
ecosy/em-bas$ assessm5t tools ( !       
,adm9i/rator1 includ+ ,integrat$        
,ecosy/em ,assessm5ts1 are suffici5t to 
meet ! requirem5ts ( ! assessm5t program
 "u ?is section4  #bjb4 ,p]mits =       
demon/ration projects = (f%ore          
aquaculture facilities  7a7 ,issuance ( 

p]mits ,aft] ! ,adm9i/rator e/abli%es ! 
assessm5t program "u section #bja1 !    
,adm9i/rator %all issue p]mits =        
comm]cial-scale demon/ration projects = 
propos$ (f%ore aquaculture facilities 9 
fur!rance ( ! assessm5t program4  7b7   
,eligibility requirem5ts ,to be eligible
 = ! issuance ( a p]mit "u subsection   
7a71 a demon/ration project is requir$  
to-- 7#a7 advance ! objective describ$ 9
 section #bja7;a72  7#b7 cultivate only 
native or hi/orically naturaliz$ species
 t pose a m9imal ?reat ( h>m to wildlife
 & ! ecosy/em 9 :i* ! project is locat$2
  7#c7 ensure t !re w be no int5tional  
culture1 propagation1 or release (      
g5etically modifi$ organisms if su*     
organisms pres5t a mat]ial risk ( h>mful
 ecological1 g5etic1 or disease impacts 
t is great] ?an su* risk associat$ )    
conv5tional /ock2  7#d7 incorporate     
design & op]ational practices t m9imize 
! risk ( escape1 adv]se wildlife impacts
 7includ+ entanglem5t71 adv]se impacts  
to navigation1 & adv]se pollution       

impacts2  7#e7 develop an escape        
response & infra/ructure loss or damage 
plan t m9imizes ! impact ( any escapes  
or infra/ructure loss or damage on !    
m>9e environm5t1 includ+ wild           
populations & fi%]y res\rces1 & on o!r  
uses ( ! wat] body 9 :i* ! project is   
locat$2  7#f7 comply ) all applicable   
requirem5ts1 includ+-- 7,a7 ! ,f$]al    
,wat] ,pollution ,control ,act 7#cc     
,u4,s4,c4 #abea et seq47 7commonly      
ref]r$ to z ! ,clean ,wat] ,act72  7,b7 
! ,endang]$ ,species ,act ( #aigc 7#af  
,u4,s4,c4 #aeca et seq472  7,c7 ! ,m>9e 
,mammal ,protection ,act ( #aigb 7#af   
,u4,s4,c4 #acfa et seq472 &  7,d7 !     
,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act (  
#aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq472    
7#g7 maximize compatibility )1 & prev5t 
or m9imize displacem5t (1 exi/+ uses &  
us]s ( ! m>9e environm5t 9 ! ne> vic9ity
 ( :]e ! project is locat$2 &  7#h7     
con=m to be/ practices to m9imize ! use 
( !rapeutants & ph>maceuticals1 includ+ 
antibiotics1 & m9imize ! release ( su*  

sub/ances into ! environm5t4  7c7       
,au?oriz$ activities ,a p]son t holds a 
p]mit = a demon/ration project issu$ "u 
subsection 7a7 may conduct (f%ore       
aquaculture = comm]cial sale consi/5t ) 
?is ,act1 includ+ regulations promulgat$
 by ! ,adm9i/rator to c>ry out ?is ,act4
  7d7 ,applications ,a p]son seek+ a    
p]mit = a demon/ration project %all     
submit to ! ,adm9i/rator an application 
t specifies-- 7#a7 ! propos$ location ( 
! (f%ore aquaculture facility & !       
location ( on-%ore facilities us$ =     
propagation or re>+ ( cultur$ species1  
su* z hat*]ies1 nurs]ies1 or rese>*     
op]ations2  7#b7 ! propos$ type (       
aquaculture ge> t w be us$ at facilities
 describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a72  7#c7 !      
cultur$ species to be propagat$ or re>$1
 or bo?1 at ! (f%ore aquaculture        
facility2  7#d7  7,a7 ! s\rce ( eggs1   
l>vae1 or juv5ile cultur$ species t w be
 us$ 9 (f%ore aquaculture op]ations2    
7,b7 an analysis ( ! likely ecosy/em    
impacts ( su* op]ations1 su* z ! risk ( 

escapes1 adv]se wildlife impacts1 risk (
 pollution1 & spread ( pa?og5s2 &  7,c7 
! in=mation ^u :i* ! analysis 0 bas$2   
7#e7 plans to respond to--  7,a7 a      
natural disa/]2  7,b7 an escape2  7,c7  
disease2  7,d7 loss or damage to        
infra/ructure2  7,e7 entanglem5ts2 &    
7,f7 o!r circum/ances designat$ by !    
,adm9i/rator2 &  7#f7 su* o!r design1   
con/ruction1 & op]ational in=mation z ! 
,adm9i/rator may require to ensure !    
integrity ( ! op]ations & cont+5cy      
plann+4  7e7 ,notice1 public comm5t1 &  
recomm5dations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]   
?an #ij days aft] receiv+ an application
 "u ?is section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all--  
7,a7 conduct a prelim9>y review to      
det]m9e :e!r ! application is complete &
 complies ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act &  
o!r applicable ,f$]al law2  7,b7 = ea*  
application t ! ,adm9i/rator has det]m9$
 is incomplete or does n comply ) !     
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act & o!r applicable 
,f$]al law1 provide to ! applicant a    
notice t specifies modifications to !   

application & ! opportunity =           
resubmission2  7,c7 = ea* complete      
application t ! ,adm9i/rator has det]m9$
 complies ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act &  
o!r applicable ,f$]al law "u subp>agraph
 7,a71 publi% 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]1 &     
provide to ! ,gov]nor or ,tribal lead] (
 ea* specially affect$ coa/al           
jurisdiction1 ! application2 &  7,d7 = a
 p]iod ( #fj days1 invite & consid] all 
public comm5ts1 & recomm5dations to     
modify ! application or to d5y ! p]mit f
 any ,gov]nor or ,tribal lead] ( a      
specially affect$ coa/al jurisdiction   
designat$ "u ?is subsection1 on         
applications = p]mits describ$ 9        
subp>agraph 7,c74  7#b7 ,specially      
affect$ coa/al jurisdiction ,9 ?is      
subsection1 ! t]m specially affect$     
coa/al jurisdiction means any coa/al    
,/ate or ,indian ,tribe-- 7,a7 ! l&1    
,tribal l&1 or wat]s ( :i*--  7i7 are   
adjac5t to ! ,f$]al wat]s 9 :i* !       
project w be conduct$2 &  7ii7 are us$1 
or are s*$ul$ to be us$1 z a support    

base = ! project2 &  7,b7 = :i* !re is a
 reasonable probability ( significant   
effect on uses ( l&1 ,tribal l&1 or wat]
 f ! project4  7#c7 ,designation ( a    
specially affect$ coa/al jurisdiction ,!
 ,adm9i/rator %all e/abli% a me*anism = 
id5tify+ & designat+1 ) respect to ea*  
application = a demon/ration project    
receiv$ "u ?is section1 ! adjac5t       
specially affect$ coa/al jurisdiction or
 jurisdictions4  7f7 ,priority          
consid]ation ,9 consid]+ applications = 
p]mits = demon/ration projects "u ?is   
section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all give       
priority consid]ation to applications = 
demon/ration projects-- 7#a7 own$ or    
op]at$ by applicants :o c demon/rate t !
 demon/ration project w directly b5efit 
individuals :o are already p>ticipat+ 9 
! agricultural1 wild-caught fi%]y1 or   
aquaculture indu/ries :o h be5          
negatively impact$ by ! ,,covid-#ai     
p&emic1 natural disa/]s1 or major       
disa/]s decl>$ "u section #dja ( !      
,rob]t ,t4 ,/af=d ,disa/] ,relief &     

,em]g5cy ,assi/ance ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#eagj72 or  7#b7 sit$ )9 an ,aquaculture
 ,opportunity ,area id5tifi$ by !       
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce 9 accordance )     
section #g ( ,executive ,ord] #aciba    
7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja note2 relat+ to    
promot+ ,am]ican seafood competitiv5ess 
& economic gr[?74  7g7 ,socioeconomic   
data ,9 consid]+ applications = p]mits =
 demon/ration projects "u ?is section1 &
 to support ! /udy describ$ 9 section   
#dja1 ! report requir$ by section #djb1 
& ! assessm5t program e/abli%$ "u       
section #bja1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all       
collect quantitative & qualitative      
socioeconomic data associat$ ) ! own] or
 op]ator (1 & communities employ$ or    
o!rwise affect$ by1 ea* demon/ration    
project4  7h7 ,decisions ) respect to   
issuance1 def]ral1 or d5ial  7#a7 ,9    
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] !       
conclusion ( ! p]iod = public comm5ts "u
 subsection 7e7 ) respect to an         
application = a p]mit = a demon/ration  
project "u ?is section1 ! ,adm9i/rator  

%all-- 7,a7 issue ! p]mit1 if !         
,adm9i/rator det]m9es ! application     
complies ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act &   
o!r applicable law2  7,b7 if !          
,adm9i/rator det]m9es t ! application   
does n comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act
 & o!r applicable law1 or if !          
,adm9i/rator approves recomm5dations =  
modifications "u subsection 7e71 & !    
application c be modifi$ to comply ) ^? 
requirem5ts-- 7i7 def] ! decision on !  
p]mit2 &  7ii7 provide to ! applicant a 
notice t specifies modifications to !   
propos$ demon/ration project ne$$ = a   
p]mit to be issu$ & a timel9e =         
resubmission & additional ag5cy review2 
or  7,c7 if ! ,adm9i/rator det]m9es t ! 
application does n comply ) !           
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act & o!r applicable 
law1 & t ! application _c be modifi$ to 
comply ) su* requirem5ts1 or if !       
,adm9i/rator has approv$ a recomm5dation
 to d5y ! p]mit "u subsection 7e71 d5y !
 p]mit & provide a ju/ification = !     
d5ial4  7#b7 ,o!r approval  7,a7 ,9     

g5]al ,an application = a p]mit = a     
demon/ration project "u ?is section %all
 be consid]$ approv$1 z if a p]mit = !  
application _h be5 issu$ "u p>agraph    
7#a77;,a71 if-- 7i7 ! ,adm9i/rator has  
det]m9$ "u subsection 7e77#a77;,a7 t !  
application is complete & complies ) !  
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act & all o!r        
applicable ,f$]al law2  7ii7 ! p]iod =  
public comm5ts "u subsection            
7e77#a77;,d7 has end$2  7iii7 no        
recomm5dation = modify+ ! application or
 d5y+ ! p]mit has be5 receiv$ "u        
subsection 7e77#a77;,d72 &  7iv7 !      
,adm9i/rator does n take action "u      
subp>agraph 7,a71 7,b71 or 7,c7 (       
p>agraph 7#a7 be=e ! date t is #ij days 
aft] ! conclusion ( ! p]iod = public    
comm5ts "u subsection 7e77#a77;,d7 )    
respect to ! application4  7,b7 ,process
 ,! ,adm9i/rator %all e/abli% a process 
= ! approval ( applications "u ?is      
p>agraph4  7i7 ,effective p]iod ,a p]mit
 = a demon/ration project issu$ "u ?is  
section-- 7#a7 %all be 9 effect dur+ !  

#aj-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! 
project beg9s 9-wat] op]ations2 &  7#b7 
may be r5ew$ z provid$ by subsection    
7j74  7j7 ,r5ewal  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!     
,adm9i/rator may r5ew a p]mit1 t has n  
be5 revok$1 = a demon/ration project    
issu$ "u ?is section = an additional    
#aj-ye> p]iod aft] ! #aj-ye> p]iod      
describ$ 9 subsection 7i77#a7 if--  7,a7
 ! own] or op]ator ( ! project submits  
to ! ,adm9i/rator a proposal = r5ewal ( 
! p]mit by a date det]m9$ by !          
,adm9i/rator2 &  7,b7 ! ,adm9i/rator    
det]m9es t ! p]mit1 z modifi$ by !      
proposal1 rema9s 9 compliance ) !       
requirem5ts describ$ 9 subsection       
7b77#a74  7#b7 ,notice & public comm5t  
,! ,adm9i/rator %all-- 7,a7 publi% 9 !  
,f$]al ,regi/] a notice summ>iz+ ea*    
proposal receiv$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 )     
respect to ! r5ewal ( a p]mit2  7,b7    
invite public comm5ts = a p]iod ( n less
 ?an #fj days reg>d+ ea* su* proposal2 &
  7,c7 consid] su* comm5ts 9 det]m9+    
:e!r to approve ! r5ewal ( ! p]mit4     

7#c7 ,r5ewal det]m9ation ,n lat] ?an #ij
 days aft] ! conclusion ( ! p]iod =     
public comm5ts "u subsection 7e7 )      
respect to an application = a r5ewal    
p]mit = a demon/ration project "u ?is   
section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all-- 7,a7     
issue ! r5ewal p]mit1 if ! ,adm9i/rator 
det]m9es ! application complies ) !     
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act & o!r applicable 
law2  7,b7 if ! ,adm9i/rator det]m9es t 
! application does n comply ) !         
requirem5ts describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71
 & ! application c be modifi$ to comply 
) ^? requirem5ts-- 7i7 def] ! decision  
on ! r5ewal p]mit2 &  7ii7 provide to ! 
applicant a notice t specifies          
modifications to ! propos$ demon/ration 
project ne$$ = a p]mit to be issu$ & a  
timel9e = resubmission & additional     
ag5cy review2 or  7,c7 if ! ,adm9i/rator
 det]m9es t ! application does n comply 
) ! requirem5ts describ$ 9 subp>agraph  
7,a7 & t ! application _c be modifi$ to 
comply ) su* requirem5ts1 d5y ! p]mit & 
provide a ju/ification = ! d5ial4  7k7  

,au?ority ,to modify or t]m9ate         
p>ticipation ( demon/ration projects &  
ord] removal ( facilities  ,!           
,adm9i/rator may require modifications  
to a demon/ration project = :i* a p]mit 
is issu$ "u ?is section1 t]m9ate su* a  
p]mit1 or ord] ! removal ( an (f%ore    
aquaculture facility au?oriz$ to op]ate 
"u su* a p]mit1 if--  7#a7  7,a7 !      
project incurs an incid5t involv+ a dea?
 or s]i\s p]sonal injury & !            
,adm9i/rator det]m9es t neglig5ce ( !   
project op]ator 0 ! cause ( or a        
contribut+ factor to ! incid5t2  7,b7   
op]ation ( ! project results 9 take (   
endang]$ species or m>9e mammals 9      
excess ( take au?oriz$ pursuant to--    
7i7 ! ,endang]$ ,species ,act ( #aigc   
7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #aeca et seq472 or  7ii7 
! ,m>9e ,mammal ,protection ,act ( #aigb
 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #acfa et seq472  7,c7 ! 
own] or op]ator ( ! project fails to    
comply ) all ( ! t]ms & conditions (--  
7i7 ! p]mit2 or  7ii7 modifications     
requir$ by ! ,adm9i/rator "u ?is        

subsection2 or  7,d7 ! ,adm9i/rator     
det]m9es t op]ation ( ! demon/ration    
project w\ld be unsafe or result 9      
unacceptable negative impacts to--  7i7 
! m>9e environm5t2  7ii7 ne>by human    
communities2 or  7iii7 o!r us]s ( ! wat]
 body 9 :i* ! project is locat$2 &  7#b7
 be=e requir+ a modification to !       
demon/ration project1 t]m9at+ ! p]mit1  
or ord]+ ! removal ( ! (f%ore           
aquaculture facility--  7,a7 !          
,adm9i/rator provides a w>n+ notice to !
 own] or op]ator ( ! project2 &  7,b7 ! 
own] or op]ator is giv5 an opportunity  
to address ! ,adm9i/rator's conc]ns4    
7l7 ,coa/al ,zone ,managem5t ,act review
 ,! submission ( an application = a     
p]mit = a demon/ration project "u ?is   
section %all trigg] ! "r ( review by a  
coa/al ,/ate "u ! ,coa/al ,zone         
,managem5t ,act ( #aigb 7#af ,u4,s4,c4  
#adea et seq474  7m7 ,fi%+ access &     
coord9ation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+ out 
?is section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all consid]
 ! effects ( (f%ore aquaculture         

facilities on fi%+ access &             
opportunities 9 adjac5t public wat]s &1 
to ! maximum ext5t practicable consi/5t 
) applicable law1 seek to m9imize       
unnecess>y adv]se impacts on fi%+ access
 & use4  7#b7 ,coord9ation ,!           
,adm9i/rator %all coord9ate1 z          
appropriate1 ) ! ,comm&ant ( ! ,coa/    
,gu>d & o!r relevant ,f$]al ag5cies     
reg>d+ navigational safety measures     
associat$ ) (f%ore aquaculture          
facilities au?oriz$ "u ?is section4     
7#c7 ,adm9i/rative record ,!            
,adm9i/rator %all include 9 !           
adm9i/rative record = a p]mit issu$ "u  
?is section a description ( any kn[n    
fi%+ access impacts & any measures      
id5tifi$ to avoid or m9imize su*        
impacts4  #bjc4 ,coord9ation ( p]mit    
reviews = demon/ration projects  7a7 ,9 
g5]al  7#a7 ,lead ag5cy ,! ,adm9i/ration
 %all s]ve z ! lead ,f$]al ag5cy =      
purposes ( provid+ in=mation on ,f$]al  
p]mitt+ requirem5ts = demon/ration      
projects "u section #bjb4  7#b7         

,coord9ation ,! ,adm9i/rator %all       
coord9ate ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ! 
,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 ! ,adm9i/rator
 ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy1 !
 ,*ief ( ! ,army ,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 !   
,commission] ( ! ,food & ,drug          
,adm9i/ration1 & ! head ( ! dep>tm5t 9  
:i* ! ,coa/ ,gu>d is op]at+1 & any o!r  
ag5cy ! ,adm9i/rator consid]s           
appropriate to simplify ! ,f$]al p]mitt+
 process = demon/ration projects "u     
section #bjb4  7b7 ,relation to curr5t  
law ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ 
9 d]ogation ( law 9 effect on ! date (  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act t is applicable to  
(f%ore aquaculture op]ations1 & ! unifi$
 p]mitt+ & review process e/abli%$ "u   
?is section %all n affect ! timel9es or 
/&>ds e/abli%$ "u o!r laws4  7c7 ,unifi$
 p]mitt+ & review process ,n lat] ?an #a
 ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 
! ,secret>ies ( ,comm]ce1 ,int]ior1     
,agriculture1 ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1 
& ! dep>tm5t 9 :i* ! ,coa/ ,gu>d is     
op]at+1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal

 ,protection ,ag5cy1 & ! ,*ief (        
,eng9e]s %all1 ?r\gh ! ,secret>y (      
,comm]ce1 initiate1 subject to !        
requirem5ts ( subsection 7a71 a rulemak+
 = all p]mits adm9i/]$ by su* ag5cy     
heads relat+ to demon/ration projects "u
 section #bjb = a unifi$ process1 public
 notice1 & public comm5t =--  7#a7      
initial issuance ( p]mits2  7#b7 r5ewal 
( p]mits2 &  7#c7 transf] ( p]mits4  7d7
 ,in=mal consultations ,! ,adm9i/rator  
%all conv5e repres5tatives ( ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,agriculture1 ! ,environm5tal        
,protection ,ag5cy1 ! ,army ,corps (    
,eng9e]s1 ! ,dep>tm5t 9 :i* ! ,u4,s4    
,coa/ ,gu>d is op]at+1 & any o!r ag5cy !
 ,adm9i/rator deems appropriate to      
provide prospective applicants = p]mits 
= demon/ration projects "u section #bjb 
an opportunity = in=mal consultation )  
su* ag5cies4 ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection %all
 preclude an applicant or a prospective 
applicant f contact+ ,f$]al ag5cies     
directly4  7e7 ,environm5tal analysis   
,to ! ext5t all[able "u ! ,national     

,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #dcba et seq471 any           
environm5tal analysis or environm5tal   
impact /atem5t requir$ "u t ,act =      
(f%ore aquaculture activities propos$ to
 be c>ri$ out "u a demon/ration project 
"u section #bjb %all be conduct$ ?r\gh a
 s+le1 consolidat$ environm5tal review &
 ! ,adm9i/ration1 ?r\gh ! ,(fice (      
,aquaculture e/abli%$ by section #aja1  
%all s]ve z ! lead ,f$]al ag5cy4  7f7   
,coord9ation ( p]mit reviews ,to ! ext5t
 practicable "u ?is ,act & all o!r      
applicable laws1 includ+ regulations1   
,f$]al ag5cies ) p]mitt+ requirem5ts    
applicable to (f%ore aquaculture        
activities propos$ to be c>ri$ out "u a 
demon/ration project "u section #bjb    
%all coord9ate _! review processes 9    
ord] to provide a timely response to an 
applicant n lat] ?an #bdj days aft] !   
submission ( ! application4  7g7        
,magnuson-,/ev5s fi%]y cons]vation &    
managem5t act  ,! conduct ( (f%ore      
aquaculture %all be consid]$ a comm]cial

 fi%+ op]ation = purposes ( ! ,m>9e     
,mammal ,protection ,act ( #aigb 7#af   
,u4,s4,c4 #acfb74  #bjd4 ,report+ by    
assessm5t program p>ticipants  7a7 ,9   
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date on 
:i* a demon/ration project = :i* a p]mit
 is issu$ "u section #bjb comm5ces1 &   
annually !reaft] until ! demon/ration   
project t]m9ates1 ! own] or op]ator ( ! 
demon/ration project %all submit to !   
,(fice1 9 accordance ) guidance provid$ 
by ! ,adm9i/rator ! foll[+3 7#a7        
,production data4  7#b7 ,in=mation on   
int]actions ) wild species1 mitigation  
measures tak51 & ! results ( su*        
int]actions & measures4  7#c7 ,in=mation
 on te*nology & op]ational practices us$
 to measure & monitor--  7,a7 efflu5t2  
7,b7 integrity ( cage mat]ials & o!r    
ge>2 &  7,c7 heal? ( ! cultivat$        
species4  7#d7 ,in=mation on            
environm5tal & ecosy/em impacts4  7#e7  
,in=mation on fe$ s\rc+1 includ+ an     
e/imate ( ! conc5tration ( wild-caught  
m>9e +r$i5ts 7fi%meal & fi% oil7 9 a fe$

 relative to ! orig9al wild fi%1 !      
species & geographic orig9 ( su* =age1  
any plann$ *anges to fe$ =mulations1 &  
any o!r relevant in=mation4  7#f7 ,data 
necess>y = ! ,ocean ,/udies ,bo>d ( !   
,national ,academies ( ,sci5ces1        
,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e to complete ! /udy  
describ$ 9 section #dja4  7#g7 ,own]1   
op]ator1 & employee demographic data &  
o!r relevant data z det]m9$ appropriate 
by ! ,adm9i/rator = purposes ( assess+--
 7,a7 ! direct b5efits ( ! demon/ration 
project to fi%]y & aquaculture          
/akehold]s2 &  7,b7 ! quantifiable      
economic & social impacts ( !           
demon/ration project = ne>by coa/al     
communities & any specially affect$     
coa/al jurisdictions4  7#h7 ,in=mation  
on navigation & safety impacts to exi/+ 
ocean us]s4  7#i7 ,su* additional       
in=mation z ! ,adm9i/rator requires to  
fulfill ! goals & objectives ( !        
assessm5t program e/abli%$ "u section   
#bja4  7b7 ,te*nical assi/ance ,!       
,adm9i/rator %all1 ^u reque/1 provide   

te*nical assi/ance to own]s & op]ators (
 demon/ration projects = :i* p]mits are 
issu$ "u section #bjb to comply ) !     
report+ requirem5ts ( ?is section4  7c7 
,em]g5cy report+ ,! ,adm9i/rator %all   
e/abli% an em]g5cy report+ process = ea*
 own] or op]ator ( a demon/ration       
project = :i* a p]mit is issu$ "u       
section #bjb to imm$iately report       
suspect$ or kn[n int]actions betwe5     
project facilities or vessels & protect$
 wild species4  7d7 ,privacy ,!         
,adm9i/rator %all ensure t data provid$ 
"u ?is section is ma9ta9$ 9 a mann] t   
safegu>ds p]sonally id5tifiable         
in=mation & confid5tial bus9ess         
in=mation4  #bje4 ,rule ( con/ruction2  
sav+s provisions  7a7 ,/atutory         
con/ruction ,a p]mit = a demon/ration   
project issu$ "u section #bjb %all n    
sup]s$e or sub/itute = any o!r          
au?orization requir$ "u ,f$]al or ,/ate 
law4  7b7 ,applicability ,?is title does
 n apply ) respect to applications = a  
p]mit 9 process on ! date ( ! enactm5t (

 ?is ,act or p]mits t are 9 effect on t 
date4  ,,iii ,work=ce developm5t1       
f9anc+1 & o!r support  #cja4 ,g5]al     
support = indu/ry  7a7 ,m>ket+ &        
promotion grants ,! ,adm9i/rator1 9     
consultation ) private sector           
aquaculture /akehold]s1 %all support !  
sale & public p]ception ( cultur$       
species dome/ically & int]nationally    
?r\gh exi/+ grant programs4  7b7        
,work=ce developm5t grants  7#a7 ,9     
g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator1 9 consultation ) 
private sector aquaculture /akehold]s1  
academic in/itutions1 & ! national sea  
grant college program1 %all e/abli% &   
adm9i/] a grant program to support !    
education & tra9+ ( individuals ) !     
skills ne$$ to manage & op]ate (f%ore   
aquaculture facilities4  7#b7           
,aquaculture c5t]s ( excell5ce ,!       
,adm9i/rator may c>ry out p>agraph 7#a7 
?r\gh ! program e/abli%$ "u section     
#cjb7;b77#a74  7c7 ,regional networks ,!
 ,adm9i/rator1 ?r\gh ea* regional       
fi%]ies (fice ( ! ,adm9i/ration1 %all   

organize a network (--  7#a7 regional   
exp]ts & ,f$]al ag5cy contacts1 9       
coord9ation ) relevant organizations1   
includ+ ! national sea grant college    
program1 ! ,regional ,aquaculture ,c5t]s
 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1          
in/itutions ( high] education1 & !      
,coop]ative ,ext5sion ,sy/em ( !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 to provide    
te*nical exp]tise & ext5sion s]vices =  
(f%ore aquaculture & in=mation on ,f$]al
 p]mit requirem5ts = (f%ore aquaculture2
 &  7#b7 individuals & bus9esses int]e/$
 9 aquaculture op]ations & products to  
facilitate pr(essional developm5t1      
m>ket+1 m5tor+ opportunities1 & ag5cy   
outrea* & education on aquaculture4  7d7
 ,aquaculture database  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!
 ,adm9i/rator %all e/abli% & ma9ta9 an  
aquaculture database )9 ! ,(fice (      
,aquaculture e/abli%$ by section #aja4  
7#b7 ,inclusions ,! database requir$ by 
p>agraph 7#a7 %all include in=mation on 
rese>*1 te*nologies1 monitor+ te*niques1
 be/ practices1 & advisory bo>d         

recomm5dations relat+ to aquaculture &  
(f%ore aquaculture4  7#c7 ,safegu>d+ (  
in=mation ,! ,adm9i/rator %all make !   
database requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7       
available 9 a mann] t safegu>ds         
p]sonally id5tifiable in=mation &       
confid5tial bus9ess in=mation4  7#d7    
,pat5ts ,! inclusion ( in=mation 9 !    
database requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 %all n
 be consid]$ to be publication =        
purposes ( subsection 7a7 or 7b7 (      
section #ajb ( title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code4  7e7 ,te*nical assi/ance programs
 = op]ators  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!           
,adm9i/rator1 ?r\gh ! ,(fice (          
,aquaculture e/abli%$ by section #aja & 
! regional aquaculture coord9ators      
describ$ 9 su* section1 %all organize a 
program 9 ea* regional fi%]ies (fice ( !
 ,adm9i/ration to provide te*nical      
assi/ance to op]ators ( (f%ore          
aquaculture facilities4  7#b7 ,tailor+  
,! programs requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7    
%all be tailor$ to meet ! unique ne$s ( 
ea* region4  7#c7 ,consultations ,"u ea*

 program requir$ by p>agraph 7#a71 !    
regional aquaculture coord9ators        
describ$ 9 section #aja may conduct     
consultations ) ! op]ator ( ea* (f%ore  
aquaculture facility 9 ! region conc]n$ 
on a regul> basis-- 7,a7 to assess !    
/atus ( ! op]ator's bus9ess2 &  7,b7 if 
appropriate1 to id5tify available       
res\rces to support ! op]ator1 su* z    
regional exp]ts1 univ]sity ext5sion     
ag5ts1 & grant opportunities4  #cjb4    
,aquaculture ,c5t]s ( ,excell5ce  7a7   
,def9itions ,9 ?is section3  7#a7 ,cov]$
 in/itution ,! t]m cov]$ in/itution     
means-- 7,a7 a m9ority-s]v+ in/itution2 
7,b7 a ,native ,hawaiian-s]v+           
in/itution2  7,c7 an ,alaska            
,native-s]v+ in/itution2  7,d7 a        
hi/orically ,black college or univ]sity2
 or  7,e7 a ,tribal college or          
univ]sity4  7#b7  ,hi/orically ,black   
college or univ]sity  ,! t]m hi/orically
 ,black college or univ]sity has ! mean+
 giv5 ! t]m "p ,b in/itution 9 section  
#cbb ( ! ,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 

7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajfa74  7#c7            
,m9ority-s]v+ in/itution ,! t]m         
m9ority-s]v+ in/itution means an        
eligible in/itution describ$ 9 p>agraph 
7#b71 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 or 7#g7 (       
section #cga7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education  
,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajfgq7a774 
7#d7 ,tribal college or univ]sity ,! t]m
 ,tribal college or univ]sity means a   
,tribal ,college or ,univ]sity 7z def9$ 
9 section #caf7;b7 ( ! ,high] ,education
 ,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4            
#ajei;c7b777 t is *>t]$ by ! gov]n+ body
 ( ! applicable ,indian ,tribe or by !  
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4  7b7 ,aquaculture     
curriculum grants  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]
 ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t (  
?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator1 9 consultation
 ) private sector aquaculture           
/akehold]s1 academic in/itutions1 & !   
national sea grant college program1 %all
 e/abli% a program to aw>d grants to    
cov]$ in/itutions to assi/ 9 e/abli%+ or
 enhanc+ an aquaculture curriculum =    
und]graduate1 graduate1 or c]tificate   

c\rses ( /udy at su* cov]$ in/itutions4 
7#b7 ,aquaculture c5t]s ( excell5ce ,a  
cov]$ in/itution t receives a grant "u  
?is section %all be kn[n z an           
,aquaculture ,c5t] ( ,excell5ce4  7#c7  
,applications ,to be eligible to receive
 a grant "u ?is section1 a cov]$        
in/itution %all submit to ! ,adm9i/rator
 an application t includes any plans to 
p>tn] ) "o or m o!r in/itutions ( high] 
education z au?oriz$ "u p>agraph 7#e74  
7#d7 ,use ( grant am\nts  7,a7 ,9 g5]al 
,a cov]$ in/itution receiv+ a grant "u  
?is section %all use ! grant am\nts to  
e/abli% or enhance an aquaculture       
curriculum = und]graduate1 graduate1 or 
c]tificate c\rses ( /udy t may include !
 foll[+3  7i7 ,tra9+ 9 v>i\s skills ne$$
 by successful aquaculture entrepr5eurs1
 includ+-- 7,i7 (f%ore aquaculture      
op]ations2  7,,ii7 bus9ess managem5t1   
/rategic plann+1 bus9ess plan           
developm5t1 capital f9anc+ & fundrais+1 
f9ancial managem5t & acc\nt+1 m>ket     
analysis & competitive analysis1 & m>ket

 entry & /rategy execution2 &  7,,iii7  
any o!r skill specific to ! ne$s ( !    
/ud5t population & ! surr\nd+ community1
 includ+ ) respect to social &          
environm5tal su/a9ability1 z det]m9$ by 
! cov]$ in/itution4  7ii7 ,natural &    
social sci5ce rese>* programs 9         
aquaculture & natural fi%]ies1 includ+  
(f%ore aquaculture4  7iii7 ,developm5t (
 ext5sion programs 7or coop]ation )     
exi/+ ext5sion programs7 t--  7,i7      
educate & engage community memb]s1      
includ+ elem5t>y & second>y s*ool       
/ud5ts1 on aquaculture & aquaculture    
c>e] pa?ways2 &  7,,ii7 transf] newly   
develop$ te*niques & rese>* in=mation   
develop$ or collat$ at ! cov]$          
in/itution to aquaculture /akehold]s4   
7iv7 ,c>e] developm5t1 su* z !          
e/abli%m5t ( coop]atives1 appr5tice%ips1
 int]n%ips1 practicums1 m5tor%ips1      
accel]ators1 or grant competitions4     
7,b7 ,limitations on use ( grant am\nts 
,am\nts f a grant aw>d$ "u ?is section  
may be us$ only = exp5ses directly      

relat$ to ! implem5tation ( ! curriculum
 or activities au?oriz$ "u ?is section4 
7#e7 ,p>tn]%ips ,9 apply+ = grants &    
c>ry+ out activities ) grant am\nts "u  
?is section1 a cov]$ in/itution may     
p>tn] ) "o or m o!r in/itutions ( high] 
education ) e/abli%$ aquaculture        
programs1 includ+ in/itutions ( high]   
education n o!rwise eligible = grants "u
 ?is section1 to facilitate ! %>+ (     
res\rces & k necess>y = ! developm5t or 
enhancem5t ( aquaculture curriculum at !
 cov]$ in/itution4  7c7 ,au?orization ( 
appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ to c>ry out ?is section     
#be1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbf   
?r\gh #bjcj1 to rema9 available until   
exp5d$4  ,,iv ,/udies & reports  #dja4  
,/udy on (f%ore aquaculture by ,ocean   
,/udies ,bo>d ( ! ,national ,academies (
 ,sci5ces1 ,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e  7a7 ,9  
g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator %all seek to ent] 
into a contract ) ! ,ocean ,/udies ,bo>d
 ( ! ,national ,academies ( ,sci5ces1   
,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e 79 ?is section      

ref]r$ to z ! ,bo>d7 "u :i* ! ,bo>d     
%all1 n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date on 
:i* ! ,adm9i/rator e/abli%es ! assessm5t
 program "u section #bja-- 7#a7 complete
 a /udy to develop ! sci5tific basis =  
effici5t & effective regulation ( (f%ore
 aquaculture2 &  7#b7 submit to         
,congress & make publicly available !   
results ( ! /udy4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,! /udy 
complet$ pursuant to subsection 7a7     
%all1 ) respect to (f%ore aquaculture-- 
7#a7 id5tify-- 7,a7 optimal me?ods (    
op]ation ( (f%ore aquaculture facilities
 to limit adv]se effects on !           
environm5t1 wildlife1 & human well-be+1 
includ+--  7i7 consid]ations to guide   
sit+ decisions ( su* facilities2  7ii7  
appropriate /ock+ d5sities2 &  7iii7    
opportunities = selective bre$+2  7,b7 a
 sci5ce-bas$ def9ition ( responsible    
(f%ore aquaculture fe$ or o!r inputs1   
includ+ guidance on s\rc+ fe$ or o!r    
inputs to address long- or %ort-t]m     
conc]ns1 includ+ ! availability &       
scalability ( su* inputs2  7,c7 pot5tial

 adv]se effects on ! environm5t1        
wildlife1 & human well-be+1 includ+ f-- 
7i7 ! use ( antibiotics & o!r           
ph>maceuticals by (f%ore aquaculture    
facilities1 includ+ ?r\gh analyses      
necess>y to e/abli% acceptable rates1   
impact levels1 & risk ?re%olds1 su* z   
analyses ( organism antibiotic          
consumption or metabolization v]sus     
excretion to ! surr\nd+ environm5t2     
7ii7 pollution orig9at+ f (f%ore        
aquaculture facilities1 includ+ su*     
effect on m>9e organisms & ! environm5t1
 includ+ ! pot5tial = assimilation2     
7iii7 ab&on$1 lo/1 damag$1 or o!rwise   
disc>d$ ge> or equipm5t2  7iv7 h>mful   
int]actions ) wildlife2  7v7 g5etic mix+
 betwe5 cultur$ species & wild m>9e     
species2  7vi7 ! transf] ( disease      
betwe5 cultur$ species & wild species2  
7vii7 ! collection & removal ( brood    
/ock = (f%ore aquaculture op]ations1 &  
hat*]ies & pre/ock+ re>+ op]ations t are
 specific to (f%ore aquaculture2  7viii7
 l>ge-scale cultivation ( filt]-fe$+    

bivalve organisms & seawe$2  7ix7 (f%ore
 aquaculture facilities act+ z aggregat+
 devices = wild fi%]ies & wildlife      
populations2  7x7 pr$ator control       
devices & me?ods2 &  7xi7 ! use (       
non-su/a9able s\rces ( fe$ or o!r       
inputs1 includ+ ! use ( globally limit$ 
m>9e res\rces = fe$ +r$i5ts1 &          
scalability ( alt]natives1 includ+--    
7,i7 novel +r$i5ts 7= example1 insect1  
s+le cell prote91 & algae72  7,,ii7     
traditional +r$i5ts 7= example1 soya72 &
  7,,iii7 o!r inputs2  7,d7 pot5tial    
me?ods & te*nologies to mitigate adv]se 
effects1 includ+ ! effects id5tifi$ "u  
subp>agraph 7,c72  7,e7 pot5tial me?ods 
to id5tify conflicts betwe5 (f%ore      
aquaculture facilities & o!r us]s ( !   
(f%ore environm5t1 & rubrics = develop+ 
solutions to mitigate su* conflicts2    
7,f7 ! types ( quantitative data &      
qualitative in=mation necess>y = !      
optimal op]ation ( (f%ore aquaculture   
facilities & appropriate me?ods (       
procur+ su* data & in=mation1 includ+   

f--  7i7 citiz5 sci5ce 7z def9$ 9       
section #djb7;c7 ( ! ,cr[ds\rc+ &       
,citiz5 ,sci5ce ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#cgbd7;c7772  7ii7 ! traditional k (    
,tribal & ,indig5\s communities2 &      
7iii7 (f%ore aquaculture op]ators2  7,g7
 be/ practices = (f%ore aquaculture sit+
 & op]ations to manage & plan = pr$ict$ 
*anges 9 global atmosph]ic &            
oceanographic conditions2  7,h7 economic
 impacts & contributions ( (f%ore       
aquaculture to local1 ,/ate1 regional1 &
 national economies2  7,i7 ! bus9ess    
pr(itability pot5tial & m>ket           
opportunities = (f%ore aquaculture      
ent]prises2 &  7,j7 pot5tial b5efits f  
(f%ore aquaculture op]ations at ! local1
 ,/ate1 & national levels1 includ+      
social1 cultural1 economic1 &           
environm5tal ecosy/em s]vices2 &  7#b7  
provide recomm5dations = legislative or 
adm9i/rative action ) respect to--  7,a7
 me?ods ( op]ation id5tifi$ "u p>agraph 
7#a77;,a72  7,b7 mitigat+ adv]se effects
 id5tifi$ "u p>agraph 7#a77;,c72  7,c7  

environm5tal /&>ds1 control rules1 or   
ref]5ce po9ts t build on ! exi/+ public 
& private /&>ds or be/ practices = !    
su/a9ability ( (f%ore aquaculture2 &    
7,d7 ensur+ t op]ators ( (f%ore         
aquaculture facilities adh]e to         
int]national /&>ds = social             
responsibility1 public heal?1 &         
equitable labor practices1 includ+ )    
respect to s\rc+ inputs = su*           
facilities4  #djb4 ,report on (f%ore    
aquaculture by ,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability 
,(fice  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s
 aft] ! date on :i* ! ,adm9i/rator      
e/abli%es ! assessm5t program "u section
 #bja1 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates %all submit to ! appropriate     
committees ( ,congress a report exam9+ !
 p]mitt+1 monitor+1 & regulation (      
(f%ore aquaculture t cov]s ! #ae-ye>    
p]iod prior to ! program's e/abli%m5t & 
! "t p]iod s9ce ! program's e/abli%m5t4 
7b7 ,bases ( report ,! ,comptroll]      
,g5]al %all base ! report requir$ by    
subsection 7a7 on available lit]ature1  

case /udies1 & aquaculture /akehold]    
input4  7c7 ,elem5ts ( report ,! report 
requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all-- 7#a7   
assess ! feasibility & pot5tial positive
 & negative implications ( designat+ a  
lead ag5cy to issue p]mits = (f%ore     
aquaculture op]ations 9 a timely mann]2 
7#b7 id5tify lessons le>n$ dur+ ! p]iod 
describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 ) respect to--
 7,a7 ! effect ( (f%ore aquaculture     
type1 location1 & regulatory framework  
on ! success ( (f%ore aquaculture       
projects2  7,b7 ! degree ( involvem5t ( 
coa/al or adjac5t ,/ates or ,tribal or  
,indig5\s communities 9 consultations =1
 plann+ =1 or op]ations ( (f%ore        
aquaculture2  7,c7 safety protocols &   
risk mitigation measures = ! p]mitt+ &  
ov]sight processes = (f%ore aquaculture1
 includ+--  7i7 escape prev5tion        
measures2  7ii7 em]g5cy ev5t response   
plann+2  7iii7 compliance monitor+1     
p>ticul>ly 9 remote locations2  7iv7    
compliance ) ,f$]al laws2  7v7 me*anisms
 = report+ to appropriate ,f$]al        

au?orities2 &  7vi7 vessel navigation   
aids to ensure navigational safety2     
7,d7 ! effect ( inc5tives to r$uce      
adv]se effects or disp>ate impacts f    
(f%ore aquaculture op]ations2  7,e7     
build+ & optimiz+ syn]gies betwe5 (f%ore
 aquaculture & wild-caught fi%+         
activities1 or (f%ore1 ne>%ore1 & on%ore
 aquaculture activities1 includ+ m>ket  
developm5t1 increas+ seafood            
consumption1 & %>$ infra/ructure2  7,f7 
! environm5tal effects ( (f%ore         
aquaculture op]ations1 includ+ me*anisms
 to prev5t h>m to ! environm5t1         
wildlife1 or human well-be+2  7,g7 ! net
 economic & social b5efits ( (f%ore     
aquaculture projects1 p>ticul>ly = ne>by
 communities1 specially affect$ coa/al  
jurisdictions z def9$ 9 section         
#bjb7;e71 & aquaculture & fi%]y         
/akehold]s1 bas$ on project size1       
regulatory /ructures1 & f9anc+          
/ructures2  7,h7 ! impact ( introduc+   
(f%ore aquaculture products to !        
m>ketplace on supply & dem& =           

wild-capture fi%]ies products1 & me?ods 
= ensur+ resili5cy & gr[? = bo? (f%ore  
aquaculture & wild-capture fi%]ies      
products2  7,i7 me*anisms to enhance    
capital inve/m5t1 work=ce developm5t1 & 
equitable opportunity requirem5ts or    
assi/ance programs 9 ! p]mitt+ process =
 (f%ore aquaculture1 or to div]sify     
p]mit applicants2  7,j7 out/&+ ne$s =   
cont9u$ rese>*1 developm5t1 education   
activities1 programs1 & fund+ reg>d+--  
7i7 (f%ore aquaculture projects2 &  7ii7
 developm5t ( ! dome/ic work=ce &       
entrepr5eur%ip relat$ to (f%ore         
aquaculture2  7,k7 ! economic pot5tial =
 bo? l>ge- & small-scale (f%ore         
aquaculture op]ations to g5]ate a       
positive return on inve/m5t "u v>i\s    
regulatory & f9anc+ /ructures2  7,l7 !  
applicability & suffici5cy ( exi/+      
regulatory sy/ems = (f%ore aquaculture2 
&  7,m7 exi/+ local1 ,/ate1 ,f$]al1 &   
=eign regulatory /&>ds t may s]ve z     
models = effici5t & effective regulation
 ( (f%ore aquaculture2 &  7#c7 include  

su* recomm5dations z ! ,comptroll]      
,g5]al may h ) respect to future (f%ore 
aquaculture op]ations1 includ+ ) respect
 to-- 7,a7 regulatory processes necess>y
 = p]mitt+1 monitor+1 & ov]sight1       
includ+ processes & te*niques relat$ to 
sit+1 deploym5t1 op]ations1 &           
decommission+2  7,b7 pot5tial safegu>ds1
 data collection1 or monitor+ requir$ to
 m9imize disp>ate impacts on specially  
affect$ coa/al jurisdictions 7z def9$ 9 
section #bjb7;e771 fi%]y /akehold]s1    
local economies1 m>9e environm5ts1 &    
exi/+ dome/ic economic sectors2  7,c7   
me*anisms = optimiz+ coord9ation among  
,f$]al ag5cies ) a role 9 p]mitt+ or    
support+ (f%ore aquaculture )\t         
compromis+ ! goals ( su* p]mitt+2  7,d7 
me?ods = effectively involv+ aquaculture
 /akehold]s1 includ+-- 7i7 specially    
affect$ coa/al jurisdictions 7z def9$ 9 
section #bjb7;e772  7ii7 local          
communities2  7iii7 regional (f%ore     
wat]s us]s & managem5t gr\ps1 includ+   
regional fi%]y managem5t c\ncils2 &     

7iv7 us]s ( local1 ,/ate1 ,tribal1 &    
,f$]al wat]s & coa/al res\rces2  7,e7   
be/ practices = incorporat+ local k1    
includ+ f ,tribal or ,indig5\s          
communities2  7,f7 capabilities ( ,f$]al
 ag5cies t are necess>y = effective     
regulation ( ! (f%ore aquaculture       
sector2 &  7,g7 h[ creat+ private rights
 ( action or waiv+ sov]eign immunity    
w\ld affect ! developm5t ( (f%ore       
aquaculture projects & ! acceptance (   
su* projects by ne>%ore & (f%ore wat]s  
us] gr\ps & coa/al communities4