,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ifci  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,july #i1 #bjbf,ms4   
,tlaib 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,ms4    
,/ansbury1 & ,mr4 ,c>son7 introduc$ !   
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,f9ancial ,s]vices  ,a    
,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+
 ,act to re/ore ! impair$ cr$it (       
victims ( pr$atory activities & unfair  
consum] report+ practices1 to exp&      
access to tools to protect vuln]able    
consum]s f id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or a     
relat$ crime1 & protect victims f fur!r 
h>m1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2
 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is  
,act may be cit$ z ! ,fo/]+ ,accuracy & 
,integrity 9 ! ,report+ ( ,cr$it ,act or
 ! ,,fair ,cr$it ,act4  7b7 ,table (    
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table
 ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4 
,effective date4 ,sec4 #d4 ,g5]al bureau
 rulemak+4 ,title ,i--,re/or+ ! ,impair$
 ,cr$it ( ,victims ( ,pr$atory          

,activities & ,unfair ,consum] ,report+ 
,practices ,sec4 #aja4 ,%ort5s ! "t     
p]iod t mo/ adv]se cr$it in=mation /ays 
on consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,m&ates 
! exp$it$ removal ( fully paid or settl$
 debt f consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajc4    
,prohibits ! appe>ance ( m$ical debt on 
consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,provides  
cr$it re/oration = victims ( pr$atory   
mortgage l5d+ & s]vic+4 ,sec4 #aje4     
,provides cr$it relief = education loan 
borr[]s :o 7 defraud$ or mislead by     
propriet>y education in/itution or c>e] 
education programs4 ,sec4 #ajf4         
,e/abli%es "r = victims ( economic abuse
 to h adv]se in=mation remov$ f _!      
consum] reports4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,prohibits 
treatm5t ( cr$it re/oration or          
rehabilitation z adv]se in=mation4      
,title ,,ii--,exp&+ ,access to ,tools to
 ,protect ,vuln]able ,consum]s ,f       
,id5tity ,!ft1 ,fraud1 or a ,relat$     
,crime1 & ,protect ,victims ,f ,fur!r   
,h>m ,sec4 #bja4 ,m$ical debt def9ition4
 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,id5tity !ft def9ition4    

,sec4 #bjc4 ,id5tity !ft report         
def9ition4 ,sec4 #bjd4 ,am5dm5t to      
protection = files & cr$it records (    
protect$ consum]s4 ,sec4 #bje4 ,enhances
 fraud al]t protections4 ,sec4 #bjf4    
,am5dm5t to security freezes = consum]  
reports4 ,sec4 #bjg4 ,cl>ification (    
in=mation to be includ$ ) ag5cy         
disclosures4 ,sec4 #bjh4 ,provides      
access to fraud records = victims4 ,sec4
 #bji4 ,requires ,bureau to set         
proc$ures = report+ id5tity !ft1 fraud1 
& o!r relat$ crime4 ,sec4 #baj4         
,e/abli%es ! "r to free cr$it monitor+ &
 id5tity !ft protection s]vices = c]ta9 
consum]s4 ,sec4 #baa4 ,ensures removal (
 inquiries result+ f id5tity !ft1 fraud1
 or o!r relat$ crime f consum] reports4 
,title ,,iii--,miscellane\s ,sec4 #cja4 
,def9itions4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,te*nical      
correction relat$ to risk-bas$ pric+    
notices4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,,fcra f9d+s &     
purpose2 voids c]ta9 contracts n 9 !    
public int]e/4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress    
f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,g5]al f9d+s  7,a7  

,consum] reports play an increas+ly     
important role 9 ! lives ( ,unit$ ,/ates
 consum]s4 ,mo/ cr$itors1 = example1    
review ^! reports to make decisions ab\t
 :e!r to ext5d cr$it to consum]s & :at  
t]ms & conditions to (f] !m4 ,z su*1    
in=mation conta9$ 9 ^! reports affects  
:e!r a p]son is able to get a private   
education loan to pay = college co/s1 to
 secure a mortgage loan to buy a home1  
or to obta9 a cr$it c>d1 z well z ! t]ms
 & conditions "u :i* consum] cr$it      
products or s]vices are (f]$ to !m4     
7,b7 ,cr$it reports are also increas+ly 
us$ = _m noncr$it decisions1 includ+ by 
l&lords to det]m9e :e!r to r5t an       
ap>tm5t to a prospective t5ant & by     
employ]s to decide :e!r to hire pot5tial
 job applicants or to (f] a promotion to
 exi/+ employees4  7,c7 ,consum] report+
 ag5cies 7,c,r,as7 h a /atutory         
obligation to v]ify indep5d5tly !       
accuracy & complet5ess ( in=mation      
includ$ on ! reports t !y provide4  7,d7
 ,! nationwide ,c,r,as h fail$ to       

e/abli% & foll[ reasonable proc$ures1 z 
requir$ by exi/+ law1 to e/abli% !      
maximum level ( accuracy ( in=mation    
conta9$ on consum] reports4 ,giv5 !     
repeat$ failures ( ^! ,c,r,as to comply 
) accuracy requirem5ts on _! own1 ?is   
legislation is int5d$ to provide !m )   
detail$ guidance improv+ ! accuracy &   
complet5ess ( in=mation conta9$ 9       
consum] reports1 includ+ proc$ures1     
policies1 & practices t ^! ,c,r,as %\ld 
already be foll[+ to ensure full        
compliance ) _! exi/+ obligations4  7,e7
 ,! pres5ce ( inaccurate or incomplete  
in=mation on ^! reports c result 9      
sub/antial f9ancial & emotional h>m to  
consum]s4 ,cr$it report+ errors c lead  
to ! loss ( a new employm5t opportunity 
or a d5ial ( a promotion 9 an exi/+ job1
 /op someone f be+ able to access cr$it 
on favorable t]ms1 prev5t a p]son f     
obta9+ r5tal h\s+1 or ev5 trigg] m5tal  
di/ress4  7,f7 ,curr5t indu/ry practices
 impose an unfair burd5 ( pro( on       
consum]s try+ to fix errors on _!       

reports4  7,g7 ,consum] reports conta9+ 
inaccurate or incomplete cr$it in=mation
 also und]m9e ! ability ( cr$itors &    
l5d]s to effectively & accurately       
und]write & price cr$it4  7,h7          
,recogniz+ t cr$it report+ affects !    
lives ( almo/ all consum]s 9 ?is c\ntry 
& t ! consequ5ces ( errors on a consum] 
report c be cata/rophic = a consum]1 !  
,bureau ( ,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection
 7,consum] ,bureau7 began accept+       
consum] compla9ts ab\t cr$it report+    
%ortly aft] its inception4  7,i7 ,!     
,consum] ,bureau receives millions (    
cr$it or consum] report+ compla9ts ea*  
ye>1 mak+ cr$it report+ consi/5tly !    
mo/-compla9$-ab\t subject matt] on :i* !
 ,consum] ,bureau accepts consum]       
compla9ts4  7,j7 ,! majority ( cr$it    
report+ compla9ts receiv$ by ! ,consum] 
,bureau involve incorrect in=mation on  
consum] reports1 ) consum]s frequ5tly   
express+ _! fru/rations ab\t ! burd5some
 & "t-consum+ process to disput+ items4 
7,k7 ,o!r common types ( cr$it report+  

compla9ts submitt$ to ! ,consum] ,bureau
 relate to ! improp] use ( a report1    
tr\ble obta9+ a report or cr$it score1  
,c,r,as' inve/igations1 & cr$it monitor+
 or id5tity protection4  7,l7 ,unlike   
mo/ o!r bus9ess relation%ips1 :]e       
consum]s c regi/] _! satisfaction or    
unhapp9ess ) a p>ticul> cr$it product or
 s]vice simply by tak+ _! bus9ess       
else:]e1 consum]s h no say 9 :e!r _!    
in=mation is includ$ 9 ! ,c,r,as        
databases & limit$ legal rem$ies to hold
 ! ,c,r,as acc\ntable = inaccuracies or 
poor s]vice4  7,m7 ,accord+ly1 despite !
 exi/+ /atutory m&ate = ,c,r,as to foll[
 reasonable proc$ures to assure !       
maximum possible accuracy ( ! in=mation 
:5ev] !y prep>e consum] reports1 num]\s 
/udies1 ! high volume ( consum]         
compla9ts submitt$ to ! ,consum] ,bureau
 ab\t incorrect in=mation on consum]    
reports1 & sup]visory activities by !   
,consum] ,bureau demon/rate t ,c,r,as   
cont9ue to skirt _! obligations "u !    
law4  7#b7 ,/ud5t loans  7,a7 ,_m       

private education loan borr[]s1 :o h    
s\ght to negotiate a modifi$ repaym5t   
plan :5 !y 7 exp]i5c+ a p]iod ( f9ancial
 di/ress1 h be5 unable to get assi/ance 
f _! loan hold]s1 :i* (t5 results 9 !m  
default+ on _! loans4  7,b7 ,al?\gh     
private /ud5t loan hold]s may all[ a    
borr[] to po/pone paym5ts :ile enroll$ 9
 s*ool full-"t1 _m limit ?is option to a
 c]ta9 "t p]iod4 ,?is p]iod may n be    
suffici5t = ^? :o ne$ additional "t to  
obta9 _! degree or :o want to cont9ue _!
 education by purs+ a graduate or       
pr(essional degree4 ,borr[]s :o are     
unable to make paym5ts (t5 default or h 
_! acc\nts s5t to collections be=e !y   
are ev5 able to graduate4  7,c7 ,! numb]
 ( ,f$]al /ud5t loan borr[]s beh9d on _!
 paym5ts is at an all-"t high1 z _m ( ^?
 ) ,f$]al /ud5t loans h /ruggl$ to      
resume paym5ts aft] ! p&emic-era pause 9
 collections 0 resc9d$4 ,m ?an          
#g1gjj1jjj ,f$]al /ud5t loan borr[]s are
 9 default on ov] #agi1jjj1jjj1jjj 9    
loans4  7#c7 ,deceptive practices at    

c]ta9 propriet>y education in/itutions &
 c>e] education programs  7,a7 ,obs]v]s 
h repeat$ly not$ ! p]vasive problem (   
=-pr(it s*ools t>get+ l[-income /ud5ts )
 deceptive high-pressure sales te*niques
 involv+ inflat$ job placem5t rates &   
mislead+ data on graduate wages1 & false
 repres5tations ab\t ! transf]ability ( 
cr$its & ! employability ( graduates 9  
occupations t require lic5sure4 ,/ud5t  
loan borr[]s at ^! s*ools may be left ) 
no?+ b wor?less cr$5tials & l>ge debt4  
7,b7 ,a disproportionate numb] ( =-pr(it
 /ud5ts are l[-income & p ( color4      
,=-pr(it s*ools t>get vet]ans1 work+    
p>5ts1 fir/-g5]ation /ud5ts1 &          
non-,engli% speak+ /ud5ts1 :o may be m  
likely ?an _! public or private nonpr(it
 s*ool c\nt]p>ts to drop out1 incur     
enorm\s /ud5t debt1 & default on ?is    
debt4  7,c7 ,!re are em]g+ pr$atory     
practices em]g+ f in/ances :]e non-pr(it
 high] education in/itutions use ,onl9e 
,program ,manag]s to design & run onl9e 
programs4 ,o,p,ms (t5 use deceptive     

recruitm5t tactics & t>get              
non-traditional /ud5ts1 work+ adults1   
/ud5ts ( color1 & /ud5ts f l[-income    
backgr\nds4  7#d7 ,m$ical debt  7,a7    
,rese>* by ! ,consum] ,bureau has f\nd t
 ! inclusion ( m$ical collections on    
consum] reports has unfairly r$uc$      
consum]s' cr$it scores4  7,b7 ,rese>* by
 ! ,consum] ,bureau & ! ,national       
,bureau ( ,economic ,rese>* h f\nd t    
m$ical debt on cr$it reports is n       
pr$ictive ( cr$it risk4 ,cr$it scores   
may und]e/imate a p]son's cr$itwor?9ess 
by up to #aj po9ts = ^? :o owe m$ical   
debt1 & may und]e/imate a p]son's       
cr$itwor?9ess by up to #bb po9ts aft] ! 
m$ical debt has be5 paid1 accord+ to    
f9d+s f ! ,consum] ,bureau4  7,c7 ,!    
,consum] ,bureau has f\nd t #ae1jjj1jjj 
consum]s h m$ical debt total+           
#hi1jjj1jjj1jjj on _! cr$it reports4    
7,d7 ,m$ical bills c be complex &       
confus+ = _m consum]s1 :i* results 9    
consum]s' unc]ta9ty ab\t :at !y owe1 to 
:om1 :51 or = :at1 t may cause "s p1 :o 

ord9>ily pay _! bills on "t1 to delay or
 )hold paym5ts on _! m$ical debts4 ,?is 
unc]ta9ty c also result 9 m$ical        
collections appe>+ on consum] reports4  
,unlike ) mo/ cr$it products or s]vices1
 t h contractual acc\nt disclosures     
describ+ ! t]ms & conditions ( use1 mo/ 
consum]s are n told :at _! out-(-pocket 
m$ical co/s w be 9 advance4 ,consum]s   
ne$+ urg5t or em]g5cy c>e r>ely "k1 or  
are provid$1 ! co/ ( a m$ical treatm5t  
or proc$ure be=e ! s]vice is r5d]$4     
7,e7 ,m$ical debt is regul>ly incurr$   
involunt>ily1 = necess>y & (t5 life-sav+
 m$ical s]vices1 & is !re=e unlike o!r  
debt4  7,f7 ,giv5 ! rese>* %[+ !re is   
little pr$ictive value 9 m$ical debt    
in=mation1 & ! unique nature ( m$ical   
debt1 ! report+ ( m$ical debt on cr$it  
reports %\ld be prohibit$4  7,g7 ,= all 
( ^! reasons1 ! ,,cfpb issu$ a          
regulation 9 ,janu>y #bjbe1 prohibit+   
m$ical debt f be+ includ$ 9 cr$it       
reports s5t to l5d]s4 ,h[ev]1 a ,f$]al  
judge vacat$ ?is rule 9 ,july #bjbe1 & 9

 ,octob] #bjbe1 ! ,trump adm9i/ration's 
,,cfpb issu$ non-legally b9d+ guidance t
 ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act g5]ally   
preempts ,/ates f remov+ m$ical debt f  
cr$it reports4  7#e7 ,economic abuse by 
kn[n p]sons  7,a7 ,economic abuse &     
exploitation are frequ5tly associat$ )  
dome/ic viol5ce4 ,multiple /udies h f\nd
 t m ?an #ic p]c5t ( survivors (        
intimate p>tn] viol5ce report exp]i5c+  
economic abuse4 ,?is type ( abuse may   
result 9 fraudul5t *>ges to a cr$it c>d 
or hav+ fraudul5t acc\nts creat$ by !   
abus] 9 ! survivor's "n4 ,economic abuse
 may also result 9 ! survivor's         
inability to make timely paym5ts on _!  
valid obligations due to loss or *anges 
9 income t c occur :5 _! abus] /eals f  
or co]ces ! survivor to rel9qui% _!     
pay*ecks or sav+s4  7,b7 ,by rack+ up   
sub/antial debts 9 ! survivor's "n1 an  
abus] c ex]cise f9ancial control ov] !  
survivor to make x economically         
difficult = ! survivor1 ^: cr$it is (t5 
de/roy$1 to escape ! situation4  7,c7   

,dome/ic abuse survivors ) poor cr$it   
are likely to face significant ob/acles 
9 e/abli%+ f9ancial indep5d5ce f _!     
abus]s4 ,?is c be due1 9 "p1 because    
consum] reports may be us$ :5 a p]son   
attempts to obta9 a *eck+ acc\nt1 h\s+1 
insurance1 utilities1 employm5t1 & ev5 a
 security cle>ance z requir$ = c]ta9    
jobs4  7,d7 ,provid+ docum5tation (     
id5tity 7,,id7 !ft 9 ord] to dispute    
in=mation on "o's consum] report c be   
p>ticul>ly *all5g+ = ^? :o "k _!        
economic abus]4  7,e7 ,:ile x is easi] =
 consum]s :o obta9 a police report to   
remove fraudul5t in=mation f _! consum] 
report & prev5t x f reappe>+ 9 ! future1
 safety & o!r noncr$it conc]ns may      
impact ! capacity ( a survivor (        
economic abuse committ$ by a kn[n p]son 
to turn to law en=cem5t to get a police 
report4  7,f7 ,dome/ic abuse survivors1 
seek+ to remove adv]se in=mation /emm+ f
 economic abuse by contact+ _! furni%]s 
directly1 (t5 face skepticism ab\t      
claims ( ,,id !ft p]petrat$ by a p>tn]  

because ( an assumption t !y are aw>e (1
 & may h be5 complicit 91 ! activity :i*
 ! survivor alleges /ems f economic     
abuse4  7#f7 ,deceptive & mislead+      
m>ket+ practices  7,a7 ,! ?ree          
nationwide ,c,r,as h fac$ millions (    
doll>s 9 f9es & civil monet>y p5alties =
 deceptive practices1 includ+ entic+    
consum]s into pur*as+ products & s]vices
 t !y may n want or ne$1 9 "s in/ances  
by adv]tis+ products or s]vices free t  
automatically conv]t$ into an ongo+     
subscription s]vice at ! regul> price   
unless cancell$ by ! consum]4 ,codify+ !
 duties ( ,c,r,as is an appropriate way 
to ensure ^! companies d n engage 9 su* 
mislead+ behaviors 9 ! future4  7,b7    
,giv5 ! ubiquit\s use ( consum] reports 
9 consum]s' lives & ! fact t consum]s'  
p>ticipation 9 ! cr$it report+ sy/em is 
involunt>y1 ,c,r,as %\ld also prioritize
 provid+ consum]s ) ! effective means to
 safegu>d _! p]sonal & f9ancial         
in=mation & improve _! cr$it /&+1 r ?an 
seek+ to exploit consum]s' conc]ns &    

confusion ab\t cr$it report+ & scor+1 to
 boo/ _! companies' pr(its4  7,c7       
,vuln]able consum]s1 :o h legitimate    
conc]ns ab\t ! security ( _! p]sonal &  
f9ancial in=mation1 des]ve cle>1        
accurate1 & transp>5t in=mation ab\t !  
cr$it report+ tools t may be available  
to !m1 su* z fraud al]ts & freezes4     
7#g7 ,protections = consum]s' cr$it     
in=mation  7,a7 ,despite height5$       
aw>5ess1 incid5ts ( ,,id !ft cont9ue to 
rise4 ,z ^! incid5ts increase1 consum]s 
exp]i5ce significant f9ancial loss &    
emotional di/ress f ! inability to      
safegu>d effectively & inexp5sively _!  
cr$it in=mation f bad actors4  7,b7     
,*ildr5 are mu* m likely ?an adults to h
 _! id5tities /ol54 ,*ild id5tities are 
valuable to ?ieves because mo/ *ildr5 d 
n h exi/+ files1 & _! p>5ts may n notice
 fraudul5t activity until _! *ild       
applies = a /ud5t loan1 a job1 or a     
cr$it c>d4 ,z a result1 ! fraudul5t     
activity ( ! bad actors may g undetect$ 
= ye>s4  7,c7 ,despite ! increas+       

incid5ts ( *ildr5's ,,id !ft1 p>5ts :o  
want to proactively prev5t _! *ildr5 f  
hav+ _! id5tity /ol51 may n be able to d
 s4 ,nationwide ,f$]al law to address   
?is issue is lack+4  7,d7 ,ea* ye>1 m   
?an #aj1jjj1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates consum]s  
are victims ( id5tity !ft1 co/+ !m      
r\ghly #bj1jjj1jjj1jjj annually4  7,e7  
,unit$ ,/ates consum]s sp5d billions (  
doll>s annually on products aim$ at     
protect+ _! id5tity4 ,z risks to        
consum]s' p]sonal & f9ancial in=mation  
cont9ue to gr[1 consum]s ne$ additional 
protections to ensure t !y h fair &     
reasonable access to ! full suite ( ,,id
 !ft & fraud prev5tion measures t may be
 "r = !m4  #c4 ,effective date ,except z
 o!rwise specifi$1 ! am5dm5ts made by   
?is ,act %all take effect #b ye>s aft] !
 date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  #d4     
,g5]al ,bureau rulemak+ ,except z       
o!rwise provid$1 n lat] ?an ! end ( !   
#b-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( !       
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,bureau (        
,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection %all     

issue f9al rules to implem5t ! am5dm5ts 
made by ?is ,act4  ,i ,re/or+ ! ,impair$
 ,cr$it ( ,victims ( ,pr$atory          
,activities & ,unfair ,consum] ,report+ 
,practices  #aja4 ,%ort5s ! "t p]iod t  
mo/ adv]se cr$it in=mation /ays on      
consum] reports  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section  
#fje ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9  
subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,except z
 au?oriz$ "u subsection 7b71 no & ins]t+
 ,no2  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+   
#aj ye>s & ins]t+ #g ye>s2  7,c7 9      
p>agraph 7#b71 by /rik+ ,civil suits1   
civil judgm5ts1 & records & ins]t+      
,records2  7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by     
/rik+ sev5 ye>s & ins]t+ #d ye>s2  7,e7 
9 p>agraph 7#d71 by /rik+ sev5 ye>s &   
ins]t+ #d ye>s1 except z provid$ 9      
p>agraph 7#i71 7#aj71 7#aa71 7#ab71 or  
7#ac71 or if deletion is requir$ by     
section #fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or #fje;,f2   
7,f7 9 p>agraph 7#e7-- 7i7 by /rik+ 1   
o!r ?an records ( convictions ( crimes2 
&  7ii7 by /rik+ sev5 ye>s & ins]t+ #d  

ye>s1 except if deletion is requir$ by  
section #fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or #fje;,f2 & 
7,g7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new      
p>agraphs3  7#i7 ,civil suits & civil   
judgm5ts 7except z provid$ 9 p>agraph   
7#aj77 t1 f date ( entry1 ant$ate !     
report by m ?an #d ye>s or until !      
gov]n+ /atute ( limitations has expir$1 
:i*ev] is ! long] p]iod4  7#aj7 ,a civil
 suit or civil judgm5t--  7,a7 br\ght by
 an education loan hold] t1 f ! date (  
successful completion ( cr$it re/oration
 or rehabilitation 9 accordance ) !     
requirem5ts ( section #fje;,e1 ant$ates 
! report by #de cal5d> days2 or  7,b7   
br\ght by a l5d] ) respect to a cov]$   
resid5tial mortgage loan :]e ! consum]  
has obta9$ relief pursuant to section   
#fje;,d t ant$ates ! report by #de      
cal5d> days4  7#aa7 ,records (          
convictions ( crimes :i* ant$ate !      
report by m ?an #g ye>s4  7#ab7 ,any o!r
 adv]se item ( in=mation relat+ to !    
collection ( debt t did n arise f a     
contract or an agreem5t to pay by a     

consum]1 includ+ f9es1 tickets1 & o!r   
assessm5ts1 z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau1     
exclud+ tax liability4  2  7#b7 by /rik+
 subsection 7b7 & r$esignat+ subsections
 7c7 ?r\gh 7h7 z subsections 7b7 ?r\gh  
7g71 respectively2 &  7#c7 9 subsection 
7b71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ #g-ye>    
p]iod ref]r$ to 9 p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#f7 
& ins]t+ #d-ye> p]iod ref]r$ to 9       
p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#e74  7b7 ,con=m+     
am5dm5ts ,! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq47 is am5d$--
 7#a7 9 section #faf7;d71 by /rik+      
section #fje7;g7 ea* place t t]m appe>s 
& ins]t+ section #fje7;f72 &  7#b7 9    
section #fbe7;b77#e77;,a71 by /rik+     
section #fje7;g7 & ins]t+ section       
#fje7;f74  #ajb4 ,m&ates ! exp$it$      
removal ( fully paid or settl$ debt f   
consum] reports ,section #fje7;a7 ( !   
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by       
section #aja7;a77#a71 is fur!r am5d$ by 
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3    
7#ac7 ,any o!r adv]se item ( in=mation  

relat$ to a fully paid or settl$ debt t 
_h be5 *>act]iz$ z del9qu5t1 *>g$ (f1 or
 9 collection :i*1 f ! date ( paym5t or 
settlem5t1 ant$ates ! report by m ?an   
#de cal5d> days4  4  #ajc4 ,prohibits ! 
appe>ance ( m$ical debt on consum]      
reports  7a7 ,prohibition on report+    
m$ical proc$ures ,section #fje7;a7 ( !  
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by       
sections #aja7;a77#a7 & #ajb1 is fur!r  
am5d$ by /rik+ p>agraph 7#f7 & ins]t+3  
7#f7 ,any in=mation relat$ to a m$ical  
debt1 includ+ a m$ical debt t 0 plac$ = 
collection1 *>g$ to pr(it or loss1 or   
subject$ to any simil> action4  4  7b7  
,te*nical am5dm5t ,section #fjd7;g77#a7 
( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae     
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;b7g77#a77 is am5d$ by   
/rik+ subp>agraph 7,c74  #ajd4 ,provides
 cr$it re/oration = victims ( pr$atory  
mortgage l5d+ & s]vic+  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq47 is am5d$ by    
ins]t+ aft] section #fje;,c ! foll[+ new

 section3  #fje;,d4 ,cr$it re/oration = 
victims ( pr$atory mortgage l5d+  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,a consum] report+ ag5cy may n   
furni% any consum] report conta9+ an    
adv]se item ( in=mation relat+ to a     
cov]$ resid5tial mortgage loan 7includ+ 
! orig9ation & s]vic+ ( su* a loan1 any 
loss mitigation activities relat$ to su*
 a loan1 & any =eclosure1 de$ 9 lieu (  
=eclosure1 or %ort sale relat$ to su* a 
loan71 if ! action or inaction to :i* ! 
item ( in=mation relates--  7#a7 result$
 f an unfair1 deceptive1 or abusive act 
or practice1 or a fraudul5t1            
discrim9atory1 or illegal activity ( a  
f9ancial in/itution1 z det]m9$ by !     
,bureau or a c\rt ( compet5t            
jurisdiction2 or  7#b7 is relat$ to an  
unfair1 deceptive1 or abusive act1      
practice1 or a fraudul5t1 discrim9atory1
 or illegal activity ( a f9ancial       
in/itution t is ! subject ( a settlem5t 
agreem5t initiat$ on behalf ( a consum] 
or consum]s & t is betwe5 ! f9ancial    
in/itution & an ag5cy or dep>tm5t ( a   

,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local gov]nm5t1       
reg>dless ( :e!r su* settlem5t includes 
an admission ( wrongdo+4  7b7 ,cov]$    
resid5tial mortgage loan def9$ ,9 ?is   
section1 ! t]m cov]$ resid5tial mortgage
 loan means any loan prim>ily = p]sonal1
 family1 or h\sehold use t is secur$ by 
a mortgage1 de$ ( tru/1 or o!r equival5t
 cons5sual security int]e/ on a dwell+  
7z def9$ 9 section #ajc7w7 ( ! ,tru? 9  
,l5d+ ,act71 includ+ a loan 9 :i* !     
proce$s w be us$ =-- 7#a7 a manufactur$ 
home 7z def9$ 9 section #fjc ( ! ,h\s+ &
 ,community ,developm5t ,act ( #aigd    
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #edjb772  7#b7 any       
in/allm5t sales contract1 l& contract1  
or contract = de$ on a resid5tial       
prop]ty2 or  7#c7 a rev]se mortgage     
transaction 7z def9$ 9 section #ajc ( ! 
,tru? 9 ,l5d+ ,act74  4  7b7 ,table (   
cont5ts am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts ( !  
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act is am5d$ by  
ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section    
#fje;,c ! foll[+ new item3  #fje;,d4    
,cr$it re/oration = victims ( pr$atory  

mortgage l5d+4  4  7c7 ,effective date  
,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all    
take effect at ! end ( ! #ah-mon? p]iod 
beg9n+ on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act4  #aje4 ,provides cr$it relief =   
education loan borr[]s :o 7 defraud$ or 
mislead by propriet>y education         
in/itution or c>e] education programs   
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+   
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq471 z   
am5d$ by section #ajd1 is fur!r am5d$ by
 ins]t+ aft] section #fje;,d ! foll[+   
new section3  #fje;,e4 ,education loan  
cr$it re/oration = defraud$ /ud5t       
borr[]s :o att5d c]ta9 high] educational
 in/itutions or c>e] education programs 
7a7 ,process = c]tification z a qualify+
 education loan borr[]  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a
 consum] may submit a reque/ to !       
,bureau1 along ) a defraudm5t claim1 to 
be c]tifi$ z a qualify+ education loan  
borr[] ) respect to an education loan4  
7#b7 ,c]tification ,! ,bureau %all      
c]tify a consum] describ$ 9 p>agraph    
7#a7 z a qualify+ education loan borr[] 

) respect to an education loan if !     
,bureau or a c\rt ( compet5t            
jurisdiction det]m9es t ! consum] has a 
valid defraudm5t claim ) respect to su* 
loan4  7b7 ,removal ( adv]se in=mation  
,^u receipt ( a notice describ$ 9       
subsection 7d77#e71 a consum] report+   
ag5cy %all remove any adv]se in=mation  
relat+ to any education loan ) respect  
to :i* a consum] is a qualify+ education
 loan borr[] f any consum] report )9 #de
 cal5d> days ( receipt ( su*            
notification4  7c7 ,disclosure ,!       
,bureau %all disclose ! results ( a     
c]tification det]m9ation 9 writ+ to !   
consum] t provides a cle> & concise     
explanation ( ! basis = ! det]m9ation ( 
:e!r su* consum] is a qualify+ education
 loan borr[] ) respect to an education  
loan &1 z applicable1 an explanation ( !
 consum]'s "r to h adv]se in=mation     
relat+ to su* loan remov$ f _! consum]  
report by a consum] report+ ag5cy4  7d7 
,proc$ures ,! ,bureau %all--  7#a7      
e/abli% proc$ures = a consum] to submit 

a reque/ describ$ 9 subsection 7a72     
7#b7 e/abli% proc$ures to effici5tly    
review1 accept1 & process su* a reque/2 
7#c7 develop ongo+ outrea* initiatives &
 education programs to in=m consum]s ( !
 circum/ances "u :i* su* consum] may be 
eligible to be c]tifi$ z a qualify+     
education loan borr[] ) respect to an   
education loan2  7#d7 e/abli% proc$ures1
 includ+ ! mann]1 =m1 & cont5t ( !      
notice in=m+ an educational loan hold] (
 ! prohibition on report+ any adv]se    
in=mation relat+ to an education loan ) 
respect to :i* a consum] is a qualify+  
education loan borr[]2 &  7#e7 e/abli%  
proc$ures1 includ+ ! mann]1 =m1 & cont5t
 ( ! notice in=m+ a consum] report+     
ag5cy ( ! obligation to remove any      
adv]se in=mation z describ$ 9 subsection
 7c74  7e7 ,/&>diz$ report+ codes ,a    
consum] report+ ag5cy %all develop      
/&>diz$ report+ codes = use by education
 loan hold]s to id5tify & report a      
qualify+ education loan borr[]'s /atus (
 a reque/ to remove any adv]se in=mation

 relat+ to any education loan ) respect 
to :i* su* consum] is a qualify+        
education loan borr[]4 ,a consum] report
 9 :i* a p]son furni%es su* codes %all  
be deem$ to comply ) ! requirem5ts =    
accuracy & complet5ess requir$ "u       
sections #fbc7;a77#a7 & #fcj4 ,su* codes
 %all n appe> on any report provid$ to a
 ?ird p>ty1 & %all be remov$ f !        
consum]'s cr$it report ^u ! successful  
re/oration ( ! consum]'s cr$it "u ?is   
section4  7f7 ,defraudm5t claim def9$ ,=
 purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m          
defraudm5t claim means a claim made )   
respect to a consum] :o is a borr[] ( an
 education loan ) respect to a          
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education program 9 :i* ! consum]  
alleges t-- 7#a7 ! propriet>y           
educational in/itution or c>e] education
 program--  7,a7 engag$ 9 an unfair1    
deceptive1 or abusive act or practice1  
or a fraudul5t1 discrim9atory1 or       
illegal activity-- 7i7 z def9$ by ,/ate 
law ( ! ,/ate 9 :i* ! propriet>y        

educational in/itution or c>e] education
 program is headqu>t]$ or ma9ta9s or    
ma9ta9$ significant op]ations2 or  7ii7 
"u ,f$]al law2  7,b7 is ! subject ( an  
en=cem5t ord]1 a settlem5t agreem5t1 a  
memor&um ( und]/&+1 a susp5sion (       
tuition assi/ance1 or any o!r action    
relat+ to an unfair1 deceptive1 or      
abusive act or practice t is betwe5 !   
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education program & an ag5cy or    
dep>tm5t ( a ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local    
gov]nm5t2 or  7,c7 misrepres5t$ facts to
 /ud5ts or accr$it+ ag5cies or          
associations ab\t graduation or ga9ful  
employm5t rates 9 recogniz$ occupations 
or fail$ to provide ! c\rsework necess>y
 = /ud5ts to successfully obta9 a       
pr(essional c]tification or degree f !  
propriet>y educational in/itution or    
c>e] education program2 or  7#b7 !      
consum] has submitt$ a valid def5se to  
repaym5t claim ) respect to su* loan1 z 
det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,education4  4 
7b7 ,table ( cont5ts am5dm5t ,! table ( 

cont5ts ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to
 section #fje;,d1 z add$ by section #ajd
 ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ new item3         
#fje;,e4 ,education loan cr$it          
re/oration = defraud$ /ud5t borr[]s :o  
att5d c]ta9 propriet>y educational      
in/itution or c>e] education programs4  
4  #ajf4 ,e/abli%es "r = victims (      
economic abuse to h adv]se in=mation    
remov$ f _! consum] reports  7a7 ,9     
g5]al ,! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et seq471 z am5d$ by   
section #aje1 is fur!r am5d$ by ins]t+  
aft] section #fje;,e ! foll[+3  #fje;,f4
 ,adv]se in=mation 9 cases ( economic   
abuse  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a consum] report+  
ag5cy may n furni% a consum] report     
conta9+ any adv]se item ( in=mation ab\t
 a consum] t result$ f economic abuse if
 ! consum] has provid$ docum5tation (   
economic abuse to ! consum] report+     
ag5cy4  7b7 ,rulemak+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n 
lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is section1 ! ,director %all

 issue rules to implem5t ?is section4   
7#b7 ,cont5ts ,any rule issu$ pursuant  
to p>agraph 7#a7 %all e/abli% a me?od by
 :i* consum]s %all submit docum5tation (
 economic abuse to consum] report+      
ag5cies4  7c7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is        
section3  7#a7 ,docum5tation ( economic 
abuse ,! t]m docum5tation ( economic    
abuse means-- 7,a7 docum5tation (--  7i7
 a det]m9ation by a ,f$]al or ,/ate     
,gov]nm5t entity t a consum] is a victim
 ( dome/ic viol5ce1 dat+ viol5ce1 abuse 
9 lat] life1 or *ild abuse & neglect2   
7ii7 a det]m9ation by a c\rt ( compet5t 
jurisdiction t a consum] is a victim (  
dome/ic viol5ce1 dat+ viol5ce1 abuse 9  
lat] life1 or *ild abuse & neglect2     
7iii7 writt5 v]ification f a qualifi$   
?ird p>ty to :om ! consum] report$      
economic abuse2 or  7iv7 any o!r        
docum5tation ! ,bureau may prescribe2 & 
7,b7 docum5tation t id5tifies items (   
adv]se in=mation t %\ld n be furni%$ by 
a consum] report+ ag5cy because ! items 
result$ f ! economic abuse ( :i* su*    

consum] is a victim4  7#b7 ,economic    
abuse ,! t]m economic abuse has ! mean+ 
giv5 economic abuse 7z def9$ 9 #djjjb ( 
! ,viol5ce ,aga9/ ,wom5 ,act ( #aiid    
7#cd ,u4,s4,c4 #abbia7;a77#ac7771 except
 su* t]m is n limit$ to ! context (     
dome/ic viol5ce1 dat+ viol5ce1 & abuse 9
 lat] life4  7#c7 ,qualifi$ ?ird p>ty ,!
 t]m qualifi$ ?ird p>ty means-- 7,a7 a  
law en=cem5t (fic]2  7,b7 a p]son       
employ$ by or work+ on behalf ( a       
gov]nm5t ag5cy or nonpr(it organization 
t provides s]vices to victims ( dome/ic 
viol5ce1 *ild abuse or neglect1 eld]    
abuse1 economic abuse1 or abuse 9 lat]  
life2  7,c7 a memb] ( ! cl]gy ( a *ur*1 
religi\s society1 or d5om9ation2  7,d7 a
 physician1 psy*iatri/1 psy*ologi/1     
social work]1 regi/]$ nurse1 !rapi/1 or 
cl9ical pr(essional c\nselor lic5s$ to  
practice 9 any ,/ate2 or  7,e7 any o!r  
p]son z det]m9$ by ! ,director ( !      
,bureau4  7#d7 ,o!r def9itions ,! t]ms  
abuse 9 lat] life1 *ild abuse & neglect1
 dat+ viol5ce1 dome/ic abuse1 & eld]    

abuse-- 7,a7 h ! mean+s giv51           
respectively1 9 section #djjjb ( !      
,viol5ce ,aga9/ ,wom5 ,act ( #aiid 7#cd 
,u4,s4,c4 #abbia72 or  7,b7 if su* a    
t]m1 z def9$ by a ,/ate1 af=ds great]   
protection to an individual ?an !       
protection provid$ "u ?is section1 h !  
mean+s giv5 by ! relevant ,/ate4  4  7b7
 ,table ( cont5ts am5dm5t ,! table (    
cont5ts ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act  
is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to
 section #fje;,e1 z add$ by section #aje
 ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ new item3         
#fje;,f4 ,adv]se in=mation 9 cases (    
economic abuse4  4  7c7 ,effective date 
,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all    
apply on ! date t is #cj days aft] !    
date on :i* ! ,director ( ! ,bureau (   
,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection issues a 
rule pursuant to section #fje;,f7b7 ( ! 
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act1 z add$ by   
?is section4  #ajg4 ,prohibits treatm5t 
( cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation z  
adv]se in=mation ,! ,fair ,cr$it        
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha et   

seq47 is am5d$--  7#a7 by add+ at ! end 
! foll[+ new section3  #fcj4            
,prohibition ( c]ta9 factors relat$ to  
f$]al cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation
  7a7 ,re/riction on cr$it scor+ models 
,a cr$it scor+ model may n--  7#a7 take 
into consid]ation1 9 a mann] adv]se to a
 consum]'s cr$it score1 any in=mation 9 
a consum] report conc]n+ ! consum]'s    
p>ticipation 9 cr$it re/oration or      
rehabilitation "u section #fje;,d1      
#fje;,e1 or #fje;,f2 or  7#b7 treat     
negatively1 9 a mann] adv]se to a       
consum]'s cr$it score1 ! abs5ce ( paym5t
 hi/ory data = an exi/+ acc\nt1 :e!r !  
acc\nt is op5 or clos$1 :]e ! abs5ce (  
su* in=mation is ! result ( a consum]'s 
p>ticipation 9 cr$it re/oration or      
rehabilitation "u section #fje;,d1      
#fje;,e1 or #fje;,f4  7b7 ,re/riction on
 p]sons obta9+ consum] reports ,a p]son 
:o obta9s a consum] report may n-- 7#a7 
take into consid]ation1 9 a mann] adv]se
 to a consum]1 any in=mation 9 a consum]
 report conc]n+ ! consum]'s p>ticipation

 9 cr$it re/oration or rehabilitation "u
 section #fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or #fje;,f2  
or  7#b7 treat negatively ! abs5ce (    
paym5t hi/ory data = an exi/+ acc\nt1   
:e!r ! acc\nt is op5 or clos$1 :]e !    
abs5ce ( su* in=mation is ! result ( a  
consum]'s p>ticipation 9 cr$it          
re/oration or rehabilitation "u section 
#fje;,d1 #fje;,e1 or #fje;,f4  7c7      
,prohibition relat$ to adv]se actions & 
risk-,bas$ pric+ decisions ,no p]son    
%all use in=mation relat$ to a consum]'s
 p>ticipation 9 cr$it re/oration or     
rehabilitation "u section #fje;,d1      
#fje;,e1 or #fje;,f 9 connection ) any  
det]m9ation (--  7#a7 ! consum]'s       
eligibility or cont9u$ eligibility = an 
ext5sion ( cr$it2  7#b7 ! t]ms &        
conditions (f]$ to a consum] reg>d+ an  
ext5sion ( cr$it2 or  7#c7 an adv]se    
action made = employm5t purposes4  2 &  
7#b7 9 ! table ( cont5ts = su* ,act1 by 
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new item3  #fcj4 
,prohibition ( c]ta9 factors relat$ to  
f$]al cr$it re/oration or               

rehabilitation4  4  ,,ii ,exp&+ ,access 
to ,tools to ,protect ,vuln]able        
,consum]s ,f ,id5tity ,!ft1 ,fraud1 or a
 ,relat$ ,crime1 & ,protect ,victims ,f 
,fur!r ,h>m  #bja4 ,m$ical debt         
def9ition ,section #fjc ( ! ,fair ,cr$it
 ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7  
is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3     
7bb7 ,m$ical debt ,! t]m m$ical debt--  
7#a7 means an obligation or alleg$      
obligation ( a consum] to pay any am\nt 
relat$ to ! receipt ( heal? c>e s]vices1
 products1 or devices2 &  7#b7 does n   
include debt *>g$ to a cr$it c>d or o!r 
ext5sion ( cr$it unless ! cr$it c>d or  
ext5sion ( cr$it is (f]$ specifically = 
! paym5t ( heal? c>e s]vices1 products1 
or devices provid$ to a p]son4  4  #bjb4
 ,id5tity !ft def9ition ,section        
#fjc7q77#c7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+   
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7q77#c77 is  
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7#c7 ,id5tity  
!ft  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m id5tity !ft   
means a fraud committ$ us+ ! id5tify+   
in=mation ( ano!r p]son )\t ! effective 

cons5t ( t p]son1 subject to su* fur!r  
def9ition z ! ,director ( ! ,bureau may 
prescribe1 by regulation4  7,b7         
,effective cons5t ,effective cons5t has 
n be5 provid$ = purposes ( subp>agraph  
7,a7 if cons5t is-- 7i7 induc$ by =ce1  
?reat1 fraud1 or co]cion2 or  7ii7 giv5 
by an individual unable to contract by  
reason ( incapacity or y\?1 unless      
cons5t is giv5 by a p]son legally       
au?oriz$ to act on behalf ( ! individual
 & su* action is n contr>y to ! be/     
int]e/s ( ! individual z det]m9$ by a   
c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction4  4  #bjc4 
,id5tity !ft report def9ition ,section  
#fjc7q77#d7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+   
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7q77#d77 is  
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7#d7 ,id5tity  
!ft report ,! t]m id5tity !ft report has
 ! mean+ giv5 t t]m by rule ( ! ,bureau1
 & means1 at a m9imum1 a report-- 7,a7 t
 is a /&>diz$ affidavit t alleges t a   
consum] has be5 a victim ( id5tity !ft1 
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or has be5    
h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( !     

consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation1 t 0 develop$ &   
made available by ! ,bureau2 or  7,b7   
7i7 t alleges an id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or 
a relat$ crime1 or alleges h>m f !      
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation2  7ii7 t is a copy ( an       
(ficial1 valid report fil$ by a consum] 
) an appropriate ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local
 law en=cem5t ag5cy1 includ+ ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,po/al ,inspection ,s]vice1 or   
su* o!r gov]nm5t ag5cy deem$ appropriate
 by ! ,bureau2 &  7iii7 ! fil+ ( :i*    
subjects ! p]son fil+ ! report to       
crim9al p5alties relat+ to ! fil+ (     
false in=mation if1 9 fact1 ! in=mation 
9 ! report is false4  4  #bjd4 ,am5dm5t 
to protection = files & cr$it records ( 
protect$ consum]s  7a7 ,am5dm5t to      
def9ition ( file ,section #fjc7;g7 ( !  
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7g77 is am5d$ by ins]t+
 1 except t su* t]m excludes a record   
creat$ pursuant to section #fje;,a7j7   

aft] /or$4  7b7 ,am5dm5t to protection =
 files & cr$it records ,section         
#fje;,a7j7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+    
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7;j77 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 9  
subp>agraph 7,b77ii71 by /rik+ an       
incapacitat$ p]son or a protect$ p]son &
 ins]t+ a p]son2 &  7,b7 by am5d+       
subp>agraph 7,e7 to read z foll[s3  7,e7
 ,! t]m security freeze--  7i7 has !    
mean+ giv5 9 subsection 7i77#a77;,c72 & 
7ii7 ) respect to a protect$ consum] =  
:om ! consum] report+ ag5cy does n h a  
file1 means a record t is subject to a  
security freeze t a consum] report+     
ag5cy is prohibit$ f disclos+ to any    
p]son reque/+ ! consum] report = !      
purpose ( op5+ a new acc\nt involv+ !   
ext5sion ( cr$it4  2 &  7#b7 9 p>agraph 
7#d77;,d71 by /rik+ a protect$ consum]  
or a protect$ consum]'s repres5tative "u
 subp>agraph 7,a77i7 & ins]t+ a protect$
 consum] describ$ "u subp>agraph        
7,a77ii7 or a protect$ consum]'s        
repres5tative4  #bje4 ,enhances fraud   

al]t protections ,section #fje;,a ( !   
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9
 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 ! subsection   
head+1 by /rik+ ,"o-call & ins]t+       
,"o-ye>2  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 9 !
 p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,initial al]ts
 & ins]t+ ,9 g5]al2  7ii7 by ins]t+ or  
h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( !     
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation1 aft] id5tity     
!ft12  7iii7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by     
/rik+ & at ! end2  7iv7 9 subp>agraph   
7,b7-- 7,i7 by ins]t+ #a-ye> be=e fraud 
al]t2 &  7,,ii7 by /rik+ ! p]iod at !   
end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7v7 by add+ at !   
end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3  7,c7 ^u !
 expiration ( ! #a-ye> p]iod describ$ 9 
subp>agraph 7,a7 or a subsequ5t #a-ye>  
p]iod1 & 9 response to a direct reque/  
by ! consum] or su* repres5tative1      
cont9ue ! fraud al]t = a p]iod ( #a     
additional ye> if ! in=mation ass]t$ 9  
?is p>agraph rema9s applicable4  2 &    
7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#b7--  7i7 by ins]t+   

#a-ye> be=e fraud al]t2  7ii7 9         
subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ & cr$it     
score aft] file2 &  7iii7 9 subp>agraph 
7,b71 by /rik+ any reque/ describ$ 9    
subp>agraph 7,a7 & ins]t+ ! consum]     
report+ ag5cy includes ! #a-ye> fraud   
al]t 9 ! file ( a consum]2  7#b7 9      
subsection 7b7--  7,a7 9 ! subsection   
head+1 by /rik+ ,ext5d$ & ins]t+        
,sev5-ye>2  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#a7--  7i7 
9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7,i7 by /rik+      
#e-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( su*     
reque/ & ins]t+ su* #g-ye> p]iod2 &     
7,,ii7 by /rik+ & at ! end2  7ii7 9     
subp>agraph 7,c7--  7,i7 by /rik+ ext5d$
 & ins]t+ #g-ye>2 &  7,,ii7 by /rik+ !  
p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7iii7 by
 add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3
  7,d7 ^u ! expiration ( su* #g-ye>     
p]iod or a subsequ5t #g-ye> p]iod1 & 9  
response to a direct reque/ by ! consum]
 or su* repres5tative1 cont9ue ! fraud  
al]t = a p]iod ( #g additional ye>s if !
 consum] or su* repres5tative submits an
 updat$ id5tity !ft report4  2 &  7,c7 9

 p>agraph 7#b71 by am5d+ subp>agraph    
7,a7 to read z foll[s3  7,a7 disclose to
 ! consum] t ! consum] may reque/ a free
 copy ( ! file & cr$it score ( ! consum]
 pursuant to section #fab7;d7 dur+ ea*  
#ab-mon? p]iod beg9n+ on ! date on :i* !
 #g-ye> fraud al]t 0 includ$ 9 ! file & 
end+ on ! date ( ! la/ day t ! #g-ye>   
fraud al]t applies to ! consum]'s file2 
&  2  7#c7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 by   
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a71 7#b71 & 7#c71
 z subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 7,c71     
respectively 7& con=m+ ! m>g9s          
accord+ly72  7,b7 by /rik+ ,^u ! direct 
reque/ & ins]t+3  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,^u !   
direct reque/  2 &  7,c7 by add+ at !   
end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3  7#b7 ,access
 to free reports & cr$it scores ,if a   
consum] report+ ag5cy includes an active
 duty al]t 9 ! file ( an active duty    
milit>y consum]1 ! consum] report+ ag5cy
 %all--  7,a7 disclose to ! active duty 
milit>y consum] t ! active duty milit>y 
consum] may reque/ a free copy ( ! file 
& cr$it score ( ! active duty milit>y   

consum] pursuant to section #fab7;d71   
dur+ ea* #ab-mon? p]iod beg9n+ on ! date
 t ! activity duty milit>y al]t is      
reque/$ & end+ on ! date ( ! la/ day !  
active duty al]t applies to ! file ( !  
active duty milit>y consum]2 &  7,b7    
provide to ! active duty milit>y consum]
 all disclosures requir$ to be made "u  
section #fji1 )\t *>ge to ! consum]1 n  
lat] ?an #c bus9ess days aft] any reque/
 describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  2  7#d7  
by am5d+ subsection 7d7 to read z       
foll[s3  7d7 ,proc$ures ,ea* consum]    
report+ ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7
 %all include on ! webpage requir$ "u   
subsection 7i7 policies & proc$ures to  
comply ) ?is section1 includ+ policies &
 proc$ures--  7#a7 t in=m consum]s ( !  
availability ( #a-ye> fraud al]ts1      
#g-ye> fraud al]ts1 active duty al]ts1 &
 security freezes 7z applicable72  7#b7 
t all[ consum]s to reque/ #a-ye> fraud  
al]ts1 #g-ye> fraud al]ts1 & active duty
 al]ts 7z applicable7 & to place1       
tempor>ily lift1 or fully remove a      

security freeze 9 a simple & easy mann]2
 &  7#c7 = ass]t+ 9 good fai? a         
suspicion t ! consum] has be5 or is ab\t
 to become a victim ( id5tity !ft1      
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or h>m$ by !  
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation1 = a consum] seek+ a #a-ye>   
fraud al]t or security freeze4  2  7#e7 
9 subsection 7e7--  7,a7 by ins]t+      
#a-ye> or #g-ye> be=e fraud al]t2 &     
7,b7 by am5d+ p>agraph 7#c7 to read z   
foll[s3  7#c7 subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 (
 subsection 7c77#a71 9 ! case ( a       
ref]ral "u subsection 7c77#a77;,c74  2  
7#f7 9 subsection 7f71 by /rik+ or      
active duty al]t & ins]t+ 1 active duty 
al]t1 or security freeze 7z applicable72
  7#g7 9 subsection 7g7-- 7,a7 by ins]t+
 or has be5 h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$        
disclosure ( ! consum]'s f9ancial or    
p]sonally id5tifiable in=mation1 or to  
in=m su* ag5cy ( ! consum]'s            
p>ticipation 9 cr$it re/oration or      
rehabilitation "u section #fje;,d1      

#fje;,e1 or #fje;,f1 aft] id5tity !ft12 
&  7,b7 by ins]t+ or security freezes   
aft] reque/ al]ts2  7#h7 9 subsection   
7h7--  7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 9 !   
p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,initial &     
ins]t+ #a-ye>2 &  7ii7 by /rik+ initial 
& ins]t+ #a-ye> ea* place su* t]m       
appe>s2 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7--  7i7 9
 ! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,ext5d$ &   
ins]t+ #g-ye>2 &  7ii7 by /rik+ ext5d$ &
 ins]t+ #g-ye> ea* place su* t]m appe>s2
 &  7#i7 9 subsection 7i77#d7-- 7,a7 by 
/rik+ subp>agraphs 7,e7 & 7,i72 &  7,b7 
by r$esignat+ subp>agraphs 7,f71 7,g71  
7,h71 & 7,j7 z subp>agraphs 7,e71 7,f71 
7,g71 & 7,h71 respectively4  #bjf4      
,am5dm5t to security freezes = consum]  
reports  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section          
#fje;,a7i7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+    
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7;i77 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 by am5d+ ! subsection     
head+ to read z foll[s ,security freezes
 = consum] reports2  7#b7 9 p>agraph    
7#c77;,e71 by /rik+ ,^u receiv+ & all t 
foll[s ?r\gh subp>agraph 7,c71 & ins]t+ 

,^u receiv+ a direct reque/ f a consum] 
= a tempor>y removal ( a security       
freeze1 a consum] report+ ag5cy %all2 & 
7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#g7   
,relation to ,/ate law ,?is subsection  
does n modify or sup]s$e ! laws ( any   
,/ate relat+ to security freezes or o!r 
simil> actions1 except to ! ext5t ^?    
laws are inconsi/5t ) any provision (   
?is title1 & !n only to ! ext5t ( !     
inconsi/5cy4 ,= purposes ( ?is          
subsection1 a t]m or provision ( a ,/ate
 law is n inconsi/5t ) ! provisions (   
?is subsection if ! t]m or provision    
af=ds great] protection to ! consum] ?an
 ! protection provid$ "u ?is subsection 
z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau4  4  7b7 ,am5dm5t
 to web page requirem5ts ,section       
#fje;,a7i77#f77;,a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it    
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4            
#afha;c-#a7;i77#f77;,a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7
 9 clause 7ii71 by /rik+ initial fraud  
al]t & ins]t+ #a-ye> fraud al]t2  7#b7 9
 clause 7iii71 by /rik+ ext5d$ fraud    
al]t & ins]t+ #g-ye> fraud al]t2 &  7#c7

 9 clause 7iv71 by /rik+ fraud4  7c7    
,am5dm5t to exceptions = c]ta9 p]sons   
,section #fje;,a7i77#d77;,a7 ( ! ,fair  
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha;c-#a7;i77#d77;,a77 is am5d$ to    
read z foll[s3  7,a7 ,a p]son1 or !     
p]son's subsidi>y1 affiliate1 ag5t1     
subcontractor1 or assignee ) :om !      
consum] has1 or prior to assignm5t _h1  
an au?oriz$ acc\nt1 contract1 or        
debtor-cr$itor relation%ip = ! purposes 
( review+ ! active acc\nt or collect+ ! 
f9ancial obligation ow$ on ! acc\nt1    
contract1 or debt4  4  7d7 ,effective   
date ,! am5dm5ts made by subsection 7a7 
%all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t 
( ?is ,act4  #bjg4 ,cl>ification (      
in=mation to be includ$ ) ag5cy         
disclosures ,section #fji7;c77#b7 ( !   
,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae         
,u4,s4,c4 #afha;g7c77#b77 is am5d$--    
7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ 
consum] report+ ag5cy describ$ 9 section
 #fjc7p7 & ins]t+ consum] report+ ag5cy 
describ$ 9 subsection 7p7 or 7x7 (      

section #fjc2  7,b7 by /rik+ ! ag5cy &  
ins]t+ su* an ag5cy2 &  7,c7 by ins]t+ &
 an ,int]net website address aft] h\rs2 
&  7#b7 9 subp>agraph 7,e71 by /rik+    
outdat$ "u section #fje or & ins]t+     
outdat$1 requir$ to be remov$1 or4      
#bjh4 ,provides access to fraud records 
= victims ,section #fji7;e7 ( ! ,fair   
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha;g7e77 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 p>agraph 
7#a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ result+ f id5tity  
!ft2  7,b7 by /rik+ claim ( id5tity !ft 
& ins]t+ claim ( fraudul5t activity2 &  
7,c7 by /rik+ any transaction alleg$ to 
be a result ( id5tity !ft & ins]t+ any  
fraudul5t transaction2  7#b7 9 p>agraph 
7#b77;,b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ id5tity !ft1  
at ! election ( ! bus9ess entity &      
ins]t+ fraudul5t activity2  7,b7 by     
am5d+ clause 7i7 to read z foll[s3  7i7 
a copy ( an id5tity !ft report2 or  2 & 
7,c7 by am5d+ clause 7ii7 to read z     
foll[s3  7ii7 an affidavit ( fact t is  
acceptable to ! bus9ess entity = t      
purpose4  2  7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,c71 

by /rik+ id5tity !ft & ins]t+ fraudul5t 
activity2  7#d7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#h7 &
 r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#i7 ?r\gh 7#ac7 z
 p>agraphs 7#h7 ?r\gh 7#ab71            
respectively2 &  7#e7 9 p>agraph 7#aj7  
7z s r$esignat$71 by /rik+ or a simil>  
crime & ins]t+ 1 fraud1 or a relat$     
crime4  #bji4 ,requires ,bureau to set  
proc$ures = report+ id5tity !ft1 fraud1 
& o!r relat$ crime ,section #fba7;f77#b7
 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae    
,u4,s4,c4 #afhas7f77#b77 is am5d$--     
7#a7 9 ! p>agraph head+1 by /rik+ ,model
 =m & ins]t+ ,/&>diz$ affidavit2  7#b7  
by /rik+ ,! ,commission & ins]t+ ,!     
,bureau2  7#c7 by /rik+ model =m &      
ins]t+ /&>diz$ affidavit2  7#d7 by      
ins]t+ aft] id5tity !ft ! foll[+3 1     
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or o!rwise are
 h>m$ by ! unau?oriz$ disclosure ( !    
consum]'s f9ancial or p]sonally         
id5tifiable in=mation12 &  7#e7 by /rik+
 fraud4 & ins]t+ id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or 
o!r relat$ crime4 ,su* /&>diz$ affidavit
 & proc$ures %all n include a requirem5t

 t a consum] obta9 a police report44    
#baj4 ,e/abli%es ! "r to free cr$it     
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices = c]ta9 consum]s  7a7 ,en=cem5t 
( cr$it monitor+ = s]vicememb]s  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,section #fje;,a7k7 ( ! ,fair    
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha;c-#a7k77 is am5d$ by /rik+        
p>agraph 7#d74  7#b7 ,effective date    
,?is subsection & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is
 subsection %all take effect on ! date (
 ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7 ,free cr$it
 monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection      
s]vices = c]ta9 consum]s ,section       
#fje;,a7k7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+    
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c-#a7k771 is  
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  7k7 ,cr$it     
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,^u ! direct     
reque/ ( a consum]1 a consum] report+   
ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7 t      
ma9ta9s a file on ! consum] & has       
receiv$ appropriate pro( ( ! id5tity ( !
 reque/] 7z describ$ 9 section #ajbb4abc
 ( title #ab1 ,code ( ,f$]al            

,regulations7 %all provide ! consum] )  
cr$it monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection 
s]vices n lat] ?an #a bus9ess day aft]  
receiv+ su* reque/ s5t by po/al mail1   
toll-free telephone1 or secure          
electronic means z e/abli%$ by ! ag5cy4 
7#b7 ,fees  7,a7 ,classes ( consum]s ,! 
,bureau may e/abli% classes ( consum]s  
eligible to receive cr$it monitor+ &    
id5tity !ft protection s]vices free (   
*>ge4  7,b7 ,no fee ,a consum] report+  
ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjc7p7 may n  
*>ge a consum] a fee to receive cr$it   
monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection       
s]vices if ! consum] or a repres5tative 
( ! consum]-- 7i7 ass]ts 9 good fai? a  
suspicion t ! consum] has be5 or is ab\t
 to become a victim ( id5tity !ft1      
fraud1 or a relat$ crime1 or h>m$ by !  
unau?oriz$ disclosure ( ! consum]'s     
f9ancial or p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation2  7ii7 is unemploy$ & int5ds  
to apply = employm5t 9 ! #fj-;day p]iod 
beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! reque/ is     
made2  7iii7 is a recipi5t ( public     

welf>e assi/ance2  7iv7 is an active    
duty milit>y consum] or a memb] ( !     
,national ,gu>d 7z def9$ 9 section      
#aja7;c7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code72  7v7 is #fe ye>s ( age or old]2 
or  7vi7 is a memb] ( a class e/abli%$  
by ! ,bureau "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7#c7 
,bureau rulemak+ ,! ,bureau %all issue  
regulations--  7,a7 to def9e ! scope (  
cr$it monitor+ & id5tity !ft protection 
s]vices requir$ "u ?is subsection2 &    
7,b7 to set a fair & reasonable fee t a 
consum] report+ ag5cy may *>ge a consum]
 7o!r ?an a consum] describ$ "u p>agraph
 7#b77;,b77 = su* cr$it monitor+ &      
id5tity !ft protection s]vices4  7#d7   
,relation to ,/ate law ,?is subsection  
does n modify or sup]s$e ( ! laws ( any 
,/ate relat+ to cr$it monitor+ & id5tity
 !ft protection s]vices or o!r simil>   
actions1 except to ! ext5t ^? laws are  
inconsi/5t ) any provision ( ?is title1 
& !n only to ! ext5t ( ! inconsi/5cy4 ,=
 purposes ( ?is subsection1 a t]m or    
provision ( a ,/ate law is n inconsi/5t 

) ! provisions ( ?is subsection if ! t]m
 or provision af=ds great] protection to
 ! consum] ?an ! protection provid$ "u  
?is subsection z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau4  
4  #baa4 ,ensures removal ( inquiries   
result+ f id5tity !ft1 fraud1 or o!r    
relat$ crime f consum] reports ,section 
#fje7;a7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ ,act 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;c7a771 z am5d$ by  
section #ajc1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+3  7#ad7 ,in=mation ab\t  
inquiries made = a cr$it report bas$ on 
reque/s t ! consum] report+ ag5cy       
v]ifies 7 initiat$ z ! result ( id5tity 
!ft1 fraud1 or o!r relat$ crime4  4     
,,iii ,miscellane\s  #cja4 ,def9itions  
,section #fjc ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+ 
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha;a7 is fur!r   
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7cc7  
,def9itions relat$ to days  7#a7 ,cal5d>
 day2 day ,! t]m cal5d> day or day means
 a cal5d> day1 exclud+ any f$]ally      
recogniz$ holiday4  7#b7 ,bus9ess day ,!
 t]m bus9ess day means a day betwe5 &   
includ+ ,monday to ,friday1 & exclud+   

any f$]ally recogniz$ holiday4  4  #cjb4
 ,te*nical correction relat$ to         
risk-bas$ pric+ notices ,section        
#fae7;h77#h7 ( ! ,fair ,cr$it ,report+  
,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afham7h77#h77 is   
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by     
/rik+ ?is section & ins]t+ ?is          
subsection2 &  7#b7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 
by /rik+ ,?is section & ins]t+ ,?is     
subsection4  #cjc4 ,,fcra f9d+s &       
purpose2 voids c]ta9 contracts n 9 !    
public int]e/  7a7 ,,fcra f9d+s &       
purpose ,section #fjb ( ! ,fair ,cr$it  
,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #afha7 is  
am5d$--  7#a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by
 am5d+ p>agraph 7#a7 to read z foll[s3  
7#a7 ,_m f9ancial & non-f9ancial        
decisions affect+ consum]s' lives dep5d 
^u fair1 complete1 & accurate cr$it     
report+4 ,inaccurate & incomplete cr$it 
reports directly impair ! effici5cy ( ! 
f9ancial sy/em & und]m9e ! integrity (  
us+ cr$it reports 9 o!r circum/ances1 & 
unfair cr$it report+ & cr$it scor+      
me?ods und]m9e ! public confid5ce :i* is

 ess5tial to ! cont9u$ function+ ( !    
f9ancial s]vices sy/em & ! provision (  
_m o!r consum] products & s]vices4  2 & 
7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 by ins]t+ aft]    
ag5cies ! foll[+3 1 furni%]s1 & cr$it   
scor+ develop]s2 &  7#b7 9 subsection   
7b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,x is ! purpose (   
?is title to require & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 
,! purpose ( ?is title is ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,to require  2 &  7,b7 by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+3  7#b7 ,to prohibit any       
practices & proc$ures ) respect to cr$it
 reports & cr$it scores t are n 9 !     
public int]e/4  4  7b7 ,void+ ( c]ta9   
contracts n 9 ! public int]e/ ,! ,fair  
,cr$it ,report+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4     
#afha et seq471 z am5d$ by section #ajg1
 is fur!r am5d$-- 7#a7 by add+ at ! end 
! foll[+ new section3  #fca4 ,void+ (   
c]ta9 contracts n 9 ! public int]e/  7a7
 ,9 g5]al ,any provision conta9$ 9 a    
contract t requires a p]son to n foll[ a
 provision ( ?is title1 t is aga9/ !    
public int]e/1 or t o!rwise circumv5ts !
 purposes ( ?is title %all be null &    

void4  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9  
subsection 7a7 %all be con/ru$ z affect+
 o!r provisions ( a contract t are n    
describ$ "u subsection 7a74  2 &  7#b7 9
 ! table ( cont5ts = su* ,act1 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+ new item3  #fca4      
,void+ ( c]ta9 contracts n 9 ! public   
int]e/4  4