,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #iaab  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,june #b1 #bjbf,ms4   
,van ,duyne 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,cl>ke (    
,new ,york1 & ,mrs4 ,f\%ee7 introduc$ ! 
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill    
,to provide visuals arti/s ! exclusive  
"r to au?orize ! comm]cial exploitation1
 or public di/ribution 9 or affect+     
int]/ate comm]ce ( a /yli/ic            
imp]sonation ( t visual arti/1 & = o!r  
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,creative ,rights ,ensur+  
,arti/s' ,te*nique & ,orig9ality are    
,res]v$ ,act or ! ,,creator ,act4  #b4  
,"r aga9/ /yli/ic imp]sonation  7a7     
,grant ( "r ,subject to ! limitations & 
exclusions ( ?is ,act1 ea* visual arti/ 
or "r hold] %all h ! exclusive "r to    
au?orize ! comm]cial exploitation1 or   
public di/ribution 9 or affect+ int]/ate
 comm]ce ( a /yli/ic imp]sonation ( t   
visual arti/4  7b7 ,nature ( ! "r ,! "r 
e/abli%$ "u ?is section-- 7#a7 is a     

,f$]al intellectual prop]ty "r di/9ct f 
copyright & tradem>k2  7#b7 does n ext5d
 to ideas1 concepts1 g5res1 arti/ic     
movem5ts1 commonly us$ visual /yles1 or 
arti/ic me?ods t are n publicly         
associat$ ) ! "w ( a visual arti/2  7#c7
 applies only to delib]ate /yli/ic      
imp]sonation z def9$ 9 ?is ,act2  7#d7  
%all n be con/ru$ to prohibit g5]al     
arti/ic influ5ce1 indep5d5t human       
au?or%ip1 or non-mat]ial artificial     
intellig5ce assi/ance2 &  7#e7 is       
lic5sable & assignable1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 
on an exclusive basis by writt5         
agreem5t4  7c7 ,duration & regi/ration  
7#a7 ,liv+ visual arti/s ,= a liv+      
visual arti/1 ! "r %all subsi/ = ! life 
( ! visual arti/4  7#b7 ,deceas$ visual 
arti/s ,= a deceas$ visual arti/1 ! "r  
%all subsi/ = #aj ye>s aft] dea? & may  
be r5ew$ 9 #e-ye> increm5ts1 up to a    
maximum ( #ej ye>s aft] dea?4  7#c7     
,r5ewal ,r5ewal ( a po/-mortem "r %all  
be effective only ^u fil+ a notice ) !  
,regi/] ( ,copyrights id5tify+-- 7,a7 ! 

deceas$ arti/2  7,b7 ! "r hold]2 &  7,c7
 su* additional in=mation z ! ,regi/] ( 
,copyrights may reasonably require4  7d7
  ,directory ( po/-,mortem rights  ,!   
,regi/] ( ,copyrights %all ma9ta9 a     
publicly accessible onl9e directory (   
regi/]$ po/-mortem rights "u ?is ,act4  
7e7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act
 %all be con/ru$ to limit ! ability ( a 
visual arti/ or "r hold] to au?orize    
conduct t w\ld o!rwise con/itute /yli/ic
 imp]sonation "u ?is ,act4  #c4         
,liability  7a7 ,conduct giv+ rise to   
liability ,a p]son %all be liable "u ?is
 ,act only if1 9 or affect+ int]/ate    
comm]ce1 ! p]son kn[+ly engages 9 "o ( !
 foll[+ acts )\t au?orization3  7#a7    
,(f]+ = sale1 sell+1 lic5s+1 publicly   
di/ribut+1 or o!rwise comm]cially       
exploit+ a /yli/ic imp]sonation ( a     
visual arti/4  7#b7 ,develop+ &         
expressly m>ket+ = comm]cial di/ribution
 a product or s]vice t is bo?--  7,a7   
int5tionally configur$ = ! purpose (    
g5]at+ /yli/ic imp]sonations ( "o or m  

visual arti/s2 &  7,b7 promot$ z capable
 ( g5]at+ su* /yli/ic imp]sonations4    
7b7  ,protection = g5]al-,purpose       
artificial intellig5ce sy/ems  7#a7  ,9 
g5]al  ,! developm5t1 di/ribution1      
lic5s+1 or provision ( a g5]al-purpose  
artificial intellig5ce sy/em %all n give
 rise to liability "u ?is ,act unless ! 
provid] ( ! sy/em is bo?--  7,a7        
int5tionally configur$ ! sy/em = !      
purpose ( g5]at+ /yli/ic imp]sonations (
 a specifically id5tifi$ visual arti/2 &
  7,b7 expressly m>ket$ ! sy/em z       
capable ( g5]at+ su* /yli/ic            
imp]sonations4  7#b7  ,exception = m]e  
capability  ,m]e capability ( a sy/em to
 g5]ate outputs resembl+ ! di/9ctive    
visual *>act]i/ics ( a visual arti/1 or 
! indep5d5t actions ( a us] ( a         
g5]al-purpose artificial intellig5ce    
sy/em1 %all n give rise to liability    
abs5t ! conduct describ$ 9 p>agraph     
7#a74  7c7 ,k or notice requirem5t  7#a7
 ,p]sons o!r ?an onl9e s]vices  7,a7 ,9 
g5]al ,a p]son o!r ?an an onl9e s]vice  

%all be liable "u subsection 7a7 only if
 ! p]son knew1 or delib]ately avoid$    
confirm+1 t ! "w met ! def9ition (      
/yli/ic imp]sonation ( a specifically   
id5tifi$ visual arti/ "u ?is ,act4  7,b7
 ,limitation ,no p]son %all be deem$ to 
h su* k solely by reason ( ! g5]al      
capability ( a sy/em to g5]ate outputs  
resembl+ ! works ( a visual arti/4  7#b7
 ,onl9e s]vices ,an onl9e s]vice %all n 
be liable = us]-g5]at$ cont5t unless1   
aft] receipt ( a valid notice "u section
 #e or a c\rt ord]1 ! s]vice kn[+ly     
fails to act exp$iti\sly to remove or   
disable access to ! us]-g5]at$ cont5t   
id5tifi$ 9 ! notice z con/itut+ a       
/yli/ic imp]sonation4  #d4 ,exclusions  
7a7 ,exclud$ activities ,! foll[+ uses  
%all n con/itute a violation ( ?is ,act1
 provid$ t su* uses d n involve !       
comm]cial exploitation ( a /yli/ic      
imp]sonation int5d$ to mislead z to     
s\rce1 sponsor%ip1 or approval--  7#a7  
comm5t>y1 criticism1 s*ol>%ip1 rese>*1  
or tea*+2  7#b7 p>ody or satire t       

comm5ts ^u or critiques ! id5tifi$      
visual arti/ or ! di/9ctive visual      
*>act]i/ics at issue2  7#c7 hi/orical1  
biographical1 or docum5t>y works1       
includ+ reasonable fictionalization1 :]e
 ! use does n falsely sugge/ endorsem5t 
or au?orization2  7#d7 news report+ or  
public affairs comm5t>y 9 :i* ref]5ce to
 ! di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics is      
mat]ially relevant to ! subject matt]2 &
  7#e7 uses result+ 9 fleet+1 incid5tal1
 or negligible resemblance t d n        
reproduce a mat]ial comb9ation (        
di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics4  7b7      
,obsc5ity ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be   
con/ru$ to exempt f liability ! use ( a 
/yli/ic imp]sonation 9 mat]ial t is     
obsc5e "u applicable law4  #e4 ,onl9e   
s]vice safe h>bors  7a7 ,limitation on  
liability = onl9e s]vices ,an onl9e     
s]vice %all n be liable = a violation "u
 section #c aris+ f us]-g5]at$ cont5t if
 ! s]vice-- 7#a7 has designat$ an ag5t  
to receive notifications ( claim$       
violations "u ?is ,act2  7#b7 ^u receipt

 ( a valid notice "u subsection 7b71    
acts exp$iti\sly to remove or disable   
access to ! id5tifi$ mat]ial2 &  7#c7   
adopts & reasonably implem5ts a policy  
provid+ = ! t]m9ation1 9 appropriate    
circum/ances1 ( repeat violators4  7b7  
,no requirem5t ,to monitor  ,no onl9e   
s]vice %all be requir$ to monitor us]   
cont5t proactively or to affirmatively  
seek facts indicat+ pot5tial violations 
( ?is ,act4  7c7 ,notification          
requirem5ts ,a notification ( claim$    
violation "u ?is ,act %all include--    
7#a7 id5tification ( ! visual arti/ ^:  
"w is alleg$ly imp]sonat$2  7#b7        
id5tification ( ! mat]ial claim$ to     
con/itute a /yli/ic imp]sonation2  7#c7 
a /atem5t t ! notify+ p>ty has a        
good-fai? belief t ! use is n au?oriz$2 
&  7#d7 in=mation reasonably suffici5t  
to p]mit ! onl9e s]vice to contact !    
notify+ p>ty4  7d7 ,c\nt]-,notification 
& re/oration  7#a7 ,submission ,a us] ^:
 mat]ial has be5 remov$ or disabl$      
pursuant to a notification "u ?is       

section may submit a c\nt]-notification 
/at+1 "u p5alty ( p]jury1 t ! mat]ial 0 
remov$ or disabl$ z a result ( mi/ake or
 misid5tification4  7#b7  ,notification 
,^u receipt ( a valid                   
c\nt]-notification1 ! onl9e s]vice %all 
promptly notify ! orig9al notify+ p>ty4 
7#c7  ,re/oration  ,! onl9e s]vice may  
re/ore ! remov$ mat]ial n less ?an #aj  
bus9ess days & n m ?an #ad bus9ess days 
aft] receipt ( ! c\nt]-notification     
unless ! notify+ p>ty provides notice t 
a civil action has be5 fil$ seek+ a c\rt
 ord] re/ra9+ ! us] f engag+ 9 !        
alleg$ly unlawful activity4  7e7        
,misrepres5tation & abuse ( process     
7#a7 ,liability ,any p]son :o kn[+ly &  
mat]ially misrepres5ts t mat]ial        
con/itutes a /yli/ic imp]sonation %all  
be liable =-- 7,a7 actual damages suff]$
 by ! alleg$ violator2  7,b7 co/s &     
reasonable attorneys' fees2 &  7,c7     
/atutory damages ( n less ?an #e1jjj p] 
mat]ial misrepres5tation4  7#b7 ,failure
 to conduct evaluation ,a failure to    

conduct a reasonable & good-fai?        
evaluation ( :e!r ! mat]ial meets !     
def9ition ( /yli/ic imp]sonation may    
con/itute a kn[+ mat]ial                
misrepres5tation4  7#c7 ,repeat$        
bad-fai? notifications ,repeat$ bad-fai?
 notifications may result 9 susp5sion ( 
notice privileges "u ?is ,act4  #f4     
,civil actions & rem$ies  7a7 ,civil    
action  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a civil action "u
 ?is ,act may be br\ght by a "r hold]   
aga9/ a p]son :o violates section #c4   
7#b7 ,safe h>bors ,a p]son ^: conduct   
falls )9 ! limitations or safe h>bors   
provid$ 9 sections #c or #e %all n be   
liable "u ?is ,act4  7b7 ,rem$ies ,9 a  
civil action "u ?is ,act1 ! c\rt may    
aw>d ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,injunctive relief  
,tempor>y or p]man5t injunctive relief t
 is n>r[ly tailor$ to prev5t ongo+ or   
future violations ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,o!r
 relief ,at ! election ( ! prevail+     
pla9tiff1 ei!r-- 7,a7 actual damages    
suff]$ by ! "r hold] & any pr(its ( !   
violator attributable to ! violation2 or

  7,b7 /atutory damages z provid$ 9     
p>agraph 7#c74  7#c7 ,/atutory ,damages 
,/atutory damages may be aw>d$1 9 lieu (
 actual damages & pr(its1 z foll[s3     
7,a7 ,= a comm]cial actor t int5tionally
 engag$ 9 /yli/ic imp]sonation3 n less  
?an #aj1jjj & n m ?an #ajj1jjj p]       
/yli/ic imp]sonation "w comm]cially     
exploit$4  7,b7 ,= willful violations   
involv+ int5tional t>get+ & comm]cial   
exploitation3 n less ?an #ej1jjj & n m  
?an #aej1jjj p] "w4  7#d7 ,consid]ations
 = /atutory damages ,9 det]m9+ /atutory 
damages1 ! c\rt or jury1 z applicable1  
%all consid]-- 7,a7 ! willfulness ( !   
conduct2  7,b7 ! scale & duration (     
dissem9ation2  7,c7 ! comm]cial impact  
on ! "r hold]2  7,d7 ! def5dant's ef=ts 
to comply ) ?is ,act2 &  7,e7 :e!r !    
def5dant qualifies = any limitation on  
liability "u ?is ,act4  7c7 ,no aw>d (  
/atutory damages ,/atutory damages %all 
n be aw>d$ :]e ! def5dant e/abli%es t ! 
conduct falls )9 a limitation1          
exclusion1 or safe h>bor "u ?is ,act4   

#g4 ,rules ( con/ruction  7a7 ,rule (   
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be    
con/ru$--  7#a7 to limit1 exp&1 or      
replace copyright protection "u title   
#ag1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2  7#b7 to grant
 exclusive rights ov] ideas1 concepts1  
g5res1 arti/ic movem5ts1 or commonly us$
 visual /yles me?ods2  7#c7 to impose a 
duty on any onl9e s]vice or provid] ( a 
g5]al-purpose artificial intellig5ce    
sy/em to monitor cont5t proactively or  
to affirmatively seek facts indicat+    
pot5tial violations ( ?is ,act2  7#d7 to
 prohibit lawful arti/ic influ5ce1      
/yli/ic evolution1 indep5d5t human      
au?or%ip1 or non-mat]ial use (          
artificial intellig5ce2  7#e7 to create 
liability = ! m]e developm5t1           
availability1 or lic5s+ ( an artificial 
intellig5ce sy/em abs5t int5tional      
t>get+ z def9$ 9 ?is ,act2 or  7#f7 to  
re/rict spee* protect$ by ! ,fir/       
,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates4  7b7 ,no tra9+ data inf]5ce ,!  
m]e capacity ( an artificial intellig5ce

 sy/em to g5]ate outputs t resemble or  
incorporate di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics
 publicly associat$ ) a visual arti/    
%all n give rise to any presumption1    
inf]5ce1 or evid5ti>y %[+ t-- 7#a7 !    
sy/em 0 tra9$ on any specific "w ( t    
visual arti/2 or  7#b7 any p>ticul>     
dataset conta9+ works associat$ ) t     
visual arti/ 0 us$ 9 ! tra9+1 f9e-tun+1 
or op]ation ( ! sy/em4  7c7 ,limitation 
on civil action ,no civil action "u ?is 
,act may be pr$icat$ solely on claims   
reg>d+ ! tra9+ data1 tra9+ process1 or  
int]nal p>amet]s ( an artificial        
intellig5ce sy/em1 except to ! ext5t su*
 claims are indep5d5tly actionable "u   
o!r applicable law4  #h4 ,preemption    
7a7 ,limit$ preemption ,?is ,act %all   
preempt ,/ate law causes ( action only  
to ! ext5t t su* causes ( action impose 
liability = conduct t con/itutes /yli/ic
 imp]sonation z def9$ 9 ?is ,act4  7b7  
,pres]vation ( o!r law ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act 
%all be con/ru$ to preempt or limit--   
7#a7 ,/ate or ,f$]al copyright law2     

7#b7 ,/ate or ,f$]al tradem>k or false  
endorsem5t law2  7#c7 ,/ate             
"r-(-publicity or misappropriation      
claims bas$ on "n1 lik5ess1 voice1 or   
o!r protect$ p]sonal attributes2 or     
7#d7 ,/ate unfair competition or consum]
 protection laws t regulate deceptive or
 mislead+ comm]cial conduct indep5d5t ( 
/yli/ic imp]sonation z def9$ 9 ?is ,act4
  #i4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision (  
?is ,act1 or ! application ( su*        
provision to any p]son or circum/ance1  
is held invalid1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & 
! application ( its rema9+ provisions   
%all n be affect$4  #aj4 ,def9itions ,9 
?is ,act3  7#a7 ,artificial intellig5ce 
sy/em ,! t]m artificial intellig5ce     
sy/em means a ma*9e-bas$ sy/em t inf]s f
 input data h[ to g5]ate visual         
expressive cont5t 9 fix$ or /atic =m & t
 op]ates ) a degree ( autonomy beyond   
purely det]m9i/ic rule-bas$ automation4 
7#b7 ,arti/ ,! t]m arti/ means a human  
individual :o has creat$ & publicly     
di/ribut$ or exhibit$ orig9al visual    

works ( au?or%ip4  7#c7 ,au?orization ,!
 t]m au?orization means express writt5  
p]mission grant$ by ! applicable "r     
hold] = ! comm]cial exploitation or     
public di/ribution ( a /yli/ic          
imp]sonation4  7#d7 ,di/9ctive visual   
*>act]i/ics ,! t]m di/9ctive visual     
*>act]i/ics means id5tifiable visual    
elem5ts1 tak5 toge!r1 t are consi/5tly  
pres5t 9 a visual arti/'s publicly      
di/ribut$ works & t are publicly        
associat$ ) t arti/4  7#e7              
,g5]al-purpose artificial intellig5ce   
sy/em ,! t]m g5]al-purpose artificial   
intellig5ce sy/em means an artificial   
intellig5ce sy/em design$ = a broad     
range ( lawful uses & n prim>ily        
configur$ to g5]ate works emulat+ !     
di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics ( a        
specifically id5tifi$ visual arti/4     
7#f7 ,mat]ial ,! t]m mat]ial means      
significant 9 relation to ! "w z a :ole 
& n m]ely incid5tal or de m9imis4  7#g7 
,onl9e s]vice ,! t]m onl9e s]vice means 
a provid] ( an int]active comput]       

s]vice1 z def9$ 9 section #bcj7;f7 ( !  
,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg       
,u4,s4,c4 #bcj7;f771 t ho/s1 transmits1 
indexes1 or provides access to          
us]-g5]at$ cont5t4  7#h7 ,public        
di/ribution ,! t]m public di/ribution   
means mak+ a "w available to ! public1  
:e!r = sale or o!rwise1 by (f]+ x =     
sale1 display1 transmission1 po/+1      
publication on a website or onl9e       
s]vice1 or o!r means ( public           
dissem9ation4  7#i7 ,"r hold] ,! t]m "r 
hold] means-- 7,a7 ! visual arti/2 or   
7,b7 a p]son or entity t has lawfully   
acquir$1 by writt5 assignm5t1           
inh]itance1 or op]ation ( law1 "o or m (
 ! exclusive "r grant$ "u ?is ,act4     
7#aj7 ,specifically id5tifi$ visual     
arti/ ,! t]m specifically id5tifi$      
visual arti/ means a visual arti/ ^: "n 
or "o or m di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics 
is expressly ref]5c$ 9 ! prompt+1       
configuration1 m>ket+1 or op]ation ( an 
artificial intellig5ce sy/em1 or 9 !    
promotion ( ! result+ output4  7#aa7    

,/yli/ic imp]sonation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
t]m /yli/ic imp]sonation means a visual 
"w g5]at$ 9 :ole or 9 mat]ial "p ?r\gh !
 use ( an artificial intellig5ce sy/em  
t-- 7i7 0 int5tionally configur$1       
prompt$1 m>ket$1 or o!rwise design$ to  
emulate ! di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics  
publicly associat$ ) a visual arti/2 &  
7ii7 reproduces a comb9ation ( ^?       
di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics 9 a mann]  
likely to mislead a reasonable view] z  
to ! s\rce1 sponsor%ip1 or approval ( ! 
"w or to affect ! comm]cial m>ket = !   
visual arti/'s "w4  7,b7 ,int5tional    
design ,= purposes ( subp>agraph 7,a71  
int5tional design may be e/abli%$ by    
evid5ce t ! artificial intellig5ce sy/em
 or its op]ator--  7i7 expressly ref]5c$
 ! visual arti/ or _! "w 9 prompts1     
configuration sett+s1 or us]-fac+       
int]faces2  7ii7 m>ket$ or promot$ !    
sy/em or ! result+ output z capable (   
imitat+ ! visual arti/'s "w2 or  7iii7  
configur$ ! sy/em = ! purpose to produce
 outputs sub/antially reflect+ ! visual 

arti/'s di/9ctive visual *>act]i/ics4   
7,c7 ,limitation ,! t]m /yli/ic         
imp]sonation does n include--  7i7 works
 reflect+ g5]al arti/ic influ5ce1 g5re  
conv5tions1 or hi/orical movem5ts2  7ii7
 works creat$ ?r\gh indep5d5t human     
au?or%ip )\t delib]ate t>get+ ( a       
specifically id5tifi$ visual arti/'s "w2
  7iii7 p>ody1 satire1 comm5t>y1        
s*ol>%ip1 or o!r expressive uses        
protect$ "u section #d2 or  7iv7 works  
g5]at$ by a g5]al-purpose artificial    
intellig5ce sy/em abs5t evid5ce (       
int5tional t>get+ ( a specifically      
id5tifi$ visual arti/'s "w4  7#ab7      
,visual "w ,! t]m visual "w means a "w  
consi/+ ( a fix$ or /atic visual image1 
includ+ illu/rations1 photographs1      
graphic designs1 pa9t+s1 draw+s1 or     
simil> visual m$ia1 b does n include    
motion pictures1 audiovisual works1 or  
s\nd record+s4  #aa4 ,effective date    
7a7 ,effective date ,?is ,act %all take 
effect #ahj days aft] ! enactm5t ( !    
enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7 ,prospective  

application ,?is ,act %all apply only to
 conduct occurr+ on or aft] ! effective 
date4