,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #hfcc  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,april #cj1 #bjbf,ms4 
,scanlon 7= h]self & ,mr4 ,nadl]7       
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill 
,to specify ! /&>ds gov]n+ claims (     
consci\sly p>allel pric+ coord9ation 9  
civil actions "u ! ,%]man ,act1 & to    
cl>ify ! mean+ ( contract1 comb9ation 9 
! =m ( tru/ or o!rwise1 or conspiracy "u
 ! ,%]man ,act4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is   
,act may be cit$ z ! ,competitive       
,prices ,act4  #b4 ,plead+ an antitru/  
violation ?r\gh p>allel conduct & plus  
factors  7a7 ,def9itions  7#a7 ,! t]m   
antitru/ laws means ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae  
,u4,s4,c4 #a1 et seq471 ! ,clayton ,act 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab1 et seq471 & ! ,f$]al
 ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 
#da1 et seq474  7#b7 ,! t]m p>allel     
conduct means two or m p]sons act+      
simil>ly to raise1 l[]1 ma9ta91         
/abilize1 or manipulate price1 output1  
capacity1 supply1 or o!r t]ms (         

competition = reasonably int]*angeable  
commodities or s]vices4 ,p>allel conduct
 ne$ n be uni=m & c be v>i$ 9 tim+1     
me?od1 & am\nt4  7#c7 ,! t]m p]son has !
 mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 subsection 7a7 ( !  
#a/ section ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#e       
,u4,s4,c4 #ab7;a774  7#d7 ,! t]m plus   
factors means allegations o!r ?an       
p>allel conduct support+ ! inf]5ce ( a  
conspiracy1 includ+-- 7,a7 a motive to  
coord9ate ef=ts to raise1 l[]1 ma9ta91  
/abilize1 or manipulate price1 output1  
capacity1 supply1 or o!r t]ms (         
competition = ! pur*ase or sale (       
reasonably int]*angeable commodities or 
s]vices2  7,b7 actions t w\ld be contr>y
 to a p]son's unilat]al economic        
self-int]e/ abs5t a conspiracy2  7,c7   
dep>ture f prior pric+ me?odology &     
practices2  7,d7 ex*anges (             
competitively s5sitive in=mation2  7,e7 
price or output levels unexpla9$ by co/1
 supply1 or dem&2  7,f7 an opportunity  
to conspire at indu/ry ev5ts1 conf]5ces1
 trade association activities1 or ?r\gh 

any o!r meet+s or v5ues2  7,g7 pa/      
collusive practices2  7,h7 an invitation
 to p>ticipate 9 a common s*eme1 includ+
 by public signal+ ( pric+1 output1     
capacity1 supply1 or o!r competitive    
/rategies1 or (f]+ ( a me?od to engage 9
 p>allel conduct2 &  7,i7 m>ket         
conditions conducive to coord9ation1    
includ+ high m>ket conc5tration1 high   
b>ri]s to entry1 high exit b>ri]s1      
inela/ic dem&1 or fungible products4    
7#e7 ,! t]ms ,/ate attorney g5]al &     
,/ate h ! mean+ giv5 9 section #d;,g ( !
 ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ae;g74   
7b7 ,/&>ds ( plead+ & pro( ,9 a civil   
action1 includ+ an action br\ght by !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,f$]al ,trade          
,commission1 a ,/ate attorney g5]al1 or 
any p]son seek+ damages or injunctive   
relief = violations ( ! antitru/ laws-- 
7#a7 :5 oppos+ any motion to dismiss a  
compla9t1 motion = judgm5t on ! plead+s1
 or any o!r motion *all5g+ ! suffici5cy 
( ! allegations1 a claimant--  7,a7     
plausibly /ates a claim by alleg+       

p>allel conduct & ! pres5ce ( two or m  
plus factors2  7,b7 ne$ n allege direct 
evid5ce ( a conspiracy2  7,c7 ne$ n     
allege facts t5d+ to exclude !          
possibility ( indep5d5t action2 &  7,d7 
ne$ n allege a !ory t is m plausible ?an
 "o (f]$ by def5dants1 z ! c\rt at !    
plead+ /age mu/ only consid] :e!r !     
allegations are plausible1 n :e!r an    
alt]native explanation is equally or m  
plausible2 &  7#b7 :5 oppos+ any motion 
= summ>y judgm5t1 motion = direct$      
v]dict1 motion = judgm5t z a matt] (    
law1 or any o!r motion *all5g+ !        
suffici5cy ( ! evid5ce & p]mitt+ a rul+ 
z matt] ( law1 a claimant--  7,a7       
demon/rates a g5u9e issue ( mat]ial fact
 by (f]+ evid5ce1 :i* may be direct     
evid5ce1 circum/antial evid5ce1 or "s   
comb9ation ( ! two1 t is suffici5t to   
all[ a tri] ( fact to f9d t ! def5d+    
p>ty engag$ 9 an unlawful conspiracy2   
7,b7 ne$ n (f] evid5ce t5d+ to exclude !
 possibility t ! def5d+ p>ty act$       
indep5d5tly2 &  7,c7 ne$ n demon/rate t 

! weight ( ! evid5ce favors ! claimant1 
z all evid5ce mu/ be con/ru$ 9 ! light  
mo/ favorable to ! p>ty oppos+ summ>y   
judgm5t & ! weigh+ ( ! evid5ce is an    
issue = ! f9d] ( fact4  7c7 ,rule (     
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be    
con/ru$ to abridge or n>r[ ! rem$ies    
available "u ! antitru/ laws4