,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #hdgj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,april #bc1 #bjbf,mr4 
,massie 7= himself & ,ms4 ,boeb]t7      
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill 
,to am5d title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1
 to ensure t all se>*es t significantly 
imp+e on ! privacy or security ( a p]son
 require a w>rant bas$ on probable      
cause1 to provide a "r ( action =       
violations ( ,f\r? ,am5dm5t rights1 & = 
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,surveillance          
,acc\ntability ,act4  #b4 ,w>rant       
requirem5t = se>*es  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt]
 #bje ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new  
section3  #caai4 ,se>*es to accord ) !  
,f\r? ,am5dm5t  7a7 ,w>rant requirem5t  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9       
subsection 7b71 no se>* may be conduct$ 
)\t a w>rant issu$ by a neutral & deta*$
 magi/rate ^u probable cause1 support$  
by oa? or affirmation1 & p>ticul>ly     

describ+ ! place to be se>*$ & ! p]sons 
or ?+s to be seiz$4  7#b7 ,?ird-,p>ty   
,data  7,a7 ,presumption ( privacy ,!   
gov]nm5t %all n access any data1        
metadata1 or p]sonal in=mation held by a
 ?ird p>ty1 includ+ f9ancial s]vices    
provid]s1 telecommunication s]vice      
provid]s1 int]net s]vice provid]s1 cl\d 
/orage companies1 or data brok]s1 )\t a 
valid w>rant1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! ?ird   
p>ty cons5ts or coop]ates4  7,b7        
,exception invalidat$ ,no contractual   
agreem5t betwe5 a us] & a ?ird p>ty may 
be int]pret$ z waiv+ ! gov]nm5t's w>rant
 requirem5t = access to ! data ( t us]1 
unless su* waiv] is kn[+1 volunt>y1 &   
explicit4  7b7 ,exceptions ,! foll[+ may
 be conduct$ )\t a w>rant3  7#a7        
,pla9-view se>*es4  7#b7 ,! v]ification 
( gov]nm5t-issu$ prim>y photo           
id5tification docum5ts dur+ a /op ( a   
motor vehicle1 travel1 or o!r           
int]actions ) law en=cem5t1 includ+ !   
v]ification (--  7,a7 a ,/ate           
id5tification c>d2  7,b7 a driv]'s      

lic5se2  7,c7 a passport2  7,d7 a       
passport c>d2  7,e7 a milit>y           
id5tification2 or  7,f7 a p]man5t       
resid5t c>d4  7#c7 ,! collection or     
analysis ( in=mation t is lawfully      
publi%$ or volunt>ily made available by 
a p]son or entity to a public audi5ce1 &
 :i* requires no circumv5tion ( privacy 
sett+s1 encryption1 or o!r access       
controls4  7#d7 ,! use ( lawful         
inve/igative te*niques to collect data f
 publicly available s\rces su* z new    
outlets1 (ficial gov]nm5t publications1 
public records1 or us]-po/$ cont5t t is 
cle>ly accessible to ! g5]al public )\t 
special access or tools4  7#e7 ,se>*es  
conduct$ ) cons5t4  7#f7 ,se>*$ conduct$
 "u exig5t circum/ances4  7c7           
,limitations ,! exceptions describ$ 9   
subsection 7b7 %all n be con/ru$ to     
p]mit ! w>rantless collection1 ret5tion1
 qu]y+1 or analysis ( data expos$ to    
public view or accessible to a ?ird p>ty
 if ! p]son associat$ ) ! collect$      
id5tifi]s did n express in=m$ & volunt>y

 cons5t to su* collection ) respect to  
data ga!r$ by ent]+ a public place1     
op]at+ a motor vehicle on a public      
roadway1 or patroniz+ a private         
e/abli%m5t op5 to ! public1 includ+--   
7#a7 biometric data1 includ+ facial     
images1 facepr9ts1 gait1 voice          
recognition1 or o!r unique physical     
id5tifi]s1 obta9$ ?r\gh facial          
recognition sy/ems or comp>able         
surveillance te*nologies2 or  7#b7      
lic5se plate images1 vehicle metadata1  
or vehicle movem5t patt]ns obta9$ ?r\gh 
automat$ lic5se plate read]s or simil>  
sy/ems4  7d7 ,def9itons ,9 ?is section3 
7#a7 ,se>* ,! t]m se>* means any        
gov]nm5t-initiat$ act t intrudes ^u an  
individual's reasonable expectation (   
privacy1 includ+ ! foll[+3 7,a7         
,inve/igatory acts ,any inve/igatory act
 purposefully direct$ at a specific     
p]son or entity1 or ! prop]ty ( a       
specific p]son or entity1 ) ! int5t (   
obta9+ in=mation n o!rwise available to 
! public4  7,b7 ,gov]nm5t surveillance &

 monitor+ ,any non-cons5sual            
surveillance1 monitor+1 or inquiry      
conduct$ by a gov]nm5t entity or its    
ag5ts1 :e!r ?r\gh human1 digital1 or    
automat$ means1 t collects in=mation on 
a specific individual or entity1 includ+
 in=mation on t individual or entity's--
 7i7 communications2  7ii7 associations2
  7iii7 employm5t2  7iv7 social m$ia    
usage2  7v7 int]net usage2  7vi7        
f9ancial transactions2 or  7vii7 travel4
  7,c7 ,collection ( p]sonal data ,!    
acquisition & analysis ( any data1      
metadata1 or in=mation p]ta9+ to a      
p]son's digital or physical life1       
includ+-- 7i7 geolocation2  7ii7        
communication records2  7iii7 p]sonal   
device activity2  7iv7 assets2  7v7     
liabilities2  7vi7 biometric id5tifi]s2 
7vii7 behavioral signals data2 or       
7viii7 f9ancial transactions4  7#b7     
,pla9-view se>*es def9$ ,9 ?is section1 
! t]m pla9-view se>*es means !          
obs]vation or seizure ( evid5ce by a law
 en=cem5t (fic] :o is lawfully pres5t at

 a location1 :]e ! incrim9at+ nature ( !
 evid5ce is imm$iately app>5t1 & :]e su*
 obs]vation is incid5tal to ! (fic]'s   
lawful pres5ce & does n involve ! use ( 
enhanc$ surveillance te*nology or       
sy/ematic monitor+4  7e7 ,rule (        
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be 
con/ru$ to-- 7#a7 modify1 sup]s$e1 or   
limit any exi/+ con/itutional           
protection1 or to au?orize surveillance 
t w\ld o!rwise be unlawful2  7#b7       
elim9ate or re/rict con/itutionally     
recogniz$ exceptions p]mitt+ brief      
inve/igatory det5tions or protective    
frisks bas$ on reasonable suspicion2 or 
7#c7 elim9ate or re/rict ! au?ority (   
law en=cem5t (fic]s to conduct brief    
inve/igatory det5tions1 protective      
frisks1 arre/s1 or se>*es incid5t to    
ord9>y crim9al law en=cem5t enc\nt]s4  4
  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table (       
sections = *apt] #bje ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 am5d$ by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  #caai4 ,se>*es to accord 
) ! ,f\r? ,am5dm5t4  4  #c4 ,"r ( action

 = violations ( ,f\r? ,am5dm5t rights   
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,revis$ ,/atutes are    
am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #aigi !    
foll[+3  #aigi;,a4 ,deprivation ( ,f\r? 
,am5dm5t rights  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,e p]son1 
includ+ a ,f$]al employee1 :o1 "u color 
( any /atute1 ord9ance1 regulation1     
cu/om1 or usage1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1     
subjects1 or causes to be subject$1 any 
citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or any p]son )9
 ! jurisdiction !re( to ! deprivation ( 
any rights1 privileges1 or immunities   
secur$ by ! ,f\r? ,am5dm5t1 %all be     
liable to ! p>ty injur$ 9 an action at  
law1 suit 9 equity1 or o!r prop] proce$+
 = r$ress4  7b7 ,attorney's fees ,9 any 
action1 suit1 or proce$+ to en=ce ?is   
,act1 ! c\rt1 9 its discretion1 may all[
 ! prevail+ p>ty1 o!r ?an ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 a reasonable attorney's fee z "p
 ( ! co/s4  7c7 ,f$]al employee def9$ ,9
 ?is section1 ! t]m ,f$]al employee     
means an individual o!r ?an ! ,presid5t 
or ! ,vice ,presid5t1 :o occupies a     
position 9 any ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( 

! executive bran* 7includ+ any indep5d5t
 ag5cy74  7d7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 
9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to        
au?orize a ,f$]al employee to br+ a suit
 aga9/ _! ,f$]al employ] or ! ,f$]al    
,gov]nm5t = conduct t is )9 ! scope ( ! 
employm5t relation%ip4  4  7b7          
,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is    
,act or ! application ( su* provision to
 any p]son or circum/ance is held to be 
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act1 &
 ! application ( ?is ,act1 to any o!r   
p]son or circum/ance1 %all n be affect$ 
!reby4