,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #fhdf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #ah1         
#bjbe,mr4 ,crane 7= himself1 ,mr4       
,g>b>9o1 ,mr4 ,mc,caul1 ,mr4 ,/rong1 &  
,mr4 ,ogles7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2   
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,homel& 
,security  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,homel&
 ,security ,act ( #bjjb to require !    
,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security to conduct
 annual assessm5ts on t]rorism ?reats to
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates relat+ to ! malici\s   
use ( unmann$ aircraft sy/ems by cov]$  
=eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/        
organizations1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4   
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,detect+ & ,evaluat+ ,=eign             
,exploitation ( ,novel ,drones ,act or !
 ,,def5d ,act4  #b4 ,annual assessm5t on
 t]rorism ?reats to ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
aris+ f ! global prolif]ation & malici\s
 use ( unmann$ aircraft sy/ems  7a7 ,9  
g5]al ,title ,,iii ( ! ,homel& ,security
 ,act ( #bjjb 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #bca et     
seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+

 new section3  #cbd4 ,annual assessm5t  
on t]rorism ?reats to ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
relat+ to ! use ( unmann$ aircraft      
sy/ems by cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1 includ+
 t]rori/ organizations  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n 
lat] ?an #bgj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is section & annually       
!reaft] = six ye>s1 ! ,secret>y %all    
submit to ! appropriate congressional   
committees an assessm5t ( t]rorism      
?reats to ! ,unit$ ,/ates relat+ to !   
global prolif]ation & malici\s use (    
cov]$ unmann$ aircraft sy/ems by cov]$  
=eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/        
organizations1 & ! result+ implications 
su* activities pres5t = ! homel&        
security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+     
implications = dome/ic prep>$ness = !   
malici\s use ( unmann$ aircraft sy/ems &
 ! collective response to relat$        
t]rorism ?reats4  7b7 ,matt]s includ$   
,ea* assessm5t ( t]rorism ?reats "u     
subsection 7a7 %all include ! foll[+3   
7#a7 ,an analysis ( ! me?ods1 tr5ds1    
tactics1 & te*nologies1 z ( ! date ( su*

 assessm5t1 by :i* cov]$ =eign          
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 seek to use cov]$ unmann$
 aircraft sy/ems to surveil1 disrupt1   
damage1 or de/roy critical infra/ructure
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or a =eign c\ntry1   
t>get civilian populations1 conduct     
k9etic /rikes or t]rorism attacks1 or   
o!rwise und]m9e public safety or        
regional /ability4  7#b7 ,an evaluation 
( ! risks t su* me?ods1 tr5ds1 tactics1 
& te*nologies may be replicat$1 adapt$1 
or le>n$ f by o!r cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1
 includ+ t]rori/ organizations1 or by   
lone actors or dome/ic viol5t extremi/s1
 to c>ry out simil> t]rori/ attacks )9 !
 homel&1 includ+ ef=ts to compromise    
bord] security or port security1 exploit
 vuln]abilities 9 ! homel&'s            
transportation sy/ems1 s(t t>gets1 mass 
ga!r+ ev5ts1 or o!r high-risk v5ues1 or 
to cause mass casualties or disruption  
?r\gh ! use ( cov]$ unmann$ aircraft    
sy/ems4  7#c7 ,an assessm5t ( h[ cov]$  
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems are employ$ =   

intellig5ce1 surveillance1 or           
reconnaissance purposes by cov]$ =eign  
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 includ+ ! collection1    
transmission1 or exploitation ( imag]y  
or geospatial data1 & h[ su* data c\ld  
be lev]ag$ to facilitate espionage1     
cross-bord] op]ations1 or attacks aga9/ 
critical infra/ructure ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4  7#d7 ,an analysis ( h[ cov]$   
=eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/        
organizations1 acquire1 manufacture1    
smuggle1 or div]t cov]$ unmann$ aircraft
 sy/ems into conflict zones1 includ+ via
 gr\nd convoys1 comm]cial %ipp+         
conta9]s1 rail %ipm5ts1 small vessels1  
fix$- or rot>y-w+ aircraft1 ov]-!-road  
freight transport t may conceal or      
co-transport o!r illicit or seem+ly     
innocu\s goods1 or any o!r illicit      
traffick+ networks1 & ! applicability ( 
su* me?ods to pot5tial entry into !     
homel& ?r\gh seaports1 airports1 or l&  
bord] cross+s4  7#e7 ,an analysis (     
em]g+ te*nologies integrat$ into cov]$  

unmann$ aircraft sy/ems t enhance _!    
op]ational effectiv5ess1 resili5ce1 &   
le?ality1 :5 us$ by cov]$ =eign         
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 includ+ ! use (          
artificial intellig5ce1 autonom\s       
navigation & t>get+ sy/ems1 advanc$     
surveillance s5sors1 precision-guid$    
payloads1 encrypt$ communications l9ks1 
physical te!r+ me*anisms 7su* z fib]    
optic cables t enable un9t]rupt$ comm& &
 control 9 conte/$ environm5ts71        
cyb]security-resili5t ar*itectures      
design$ to prev5t intrusion or remote   
exploitation1 or any o!r adaptations    
int5d$ to defeat or bypass electronic   
w>f>e c\nt]measures ?r\gh resi/ance to  
jamm+1 spo(+1 or signal degradation4    
7#f7 ,an evaluation ( ! use ( l[-co/1   
high-volume sw>ms ( cov]$ unmann$       
aircraft sy/ems deploy$ by cov]$ =eign  
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 9 any region ( active    
conflict z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1 9    
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   

,f$]al dep>tm5ts or ag5cies ! ,secret>y 
det]m9es appropriate1 & ! ext5t to :i*  
simil> sw>m tactics c\ld ov]:elm law    
en=cem5t )9 ! homel& or ov]:elm homel&  
def5se sy/ems1 includ+ ! pot5tial to    
exhau/ c\nt]-,,uas sy/ems & associat$   
res\rces or create mass panic4  7#g7 ,an
 assessm5t ( ! use ( cov]$ unmann$      
aircraft sy/ems by cov]$ =eign          
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 9 any region ( active    
conflict z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1 9    
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,f$]al dep>tm5ts or ag5cies ! ,secret>y 
det]m9es appropriate1 to deliv] *emical1
 biological1 radiological1 or nucle>    
payloads or simulants1 includ+ ef=ts to 
repurpose agricultural or indu/rial     
spray+ unmann$ aircraft sy/ems =        
nonconv5tional attacks1 & :e!r su*      
sc5>ios are adequately model$ or prep>$ 
= 9 homel& security plann+4  7#h7 ,a    
review ( h[ cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1      
includ+ t]rori/ organizations1 9 any    
region ( active conflict z det]m9$ by ! 

,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! heads (   
o!r relevant ,f$]al dep>tm5ts or ag5cies
 ! ,secret>y det]m9es appropriate1 h    
exp]im5t$ ) wat]-laun*$ unmann$ aircraft
 sy/ems & unmann$ aircraft sy/ems       
deploy$ f %ipp+ conta9]s or disguis$    
vehicles1 & ! implications su* tactics  
may pose = port security1 l& bord]      
security1 or ! security ( critical      
infra/ructure ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or a    
=eign c\ntry 9 proximity to seaports )9 
! homel&4  7#i7 ,an assessm5t ( lessons 
le>n$ f ongo+ & rec5t global conflicts  
reg>d+ ! utilization1 def5se1 & defeat (
 cov]$ unmann$ aircraft sy/ems1 & f !   
exp]i5ces ( alli$ & p>tn] c\ntries 9    
c\nt]+ unmann$ aircraft sy/em-enabl$    
attacks conduct$ by cov]$ =eign         
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations1 includ+ an evaluation ( !
 effectiv5ess ( mobile c\nt]-,,uas sy/em
 plat=ms1 passive detection & track+    
te*nologies1 airspace managem5t &       
deconfliction tools1 & regulatory       
me*anisms 7su* z drone zon+ laws71 !    

applicability ( su* lessons to ,f$]al1  
,/ate1 & local homel& security          
op]ations1 & ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,dep>tm5t  
has incorporat$1 or plans to            
incorporate1 su* lessons into its homel&
 security plann+1 c\nt]-,,uas sy/ems    
/rategy1 & int]ag5cy coord9ation        
activities4  7#aj7 ,an assessm5t ( !    
adoption1 adaptation1 & pot5tial        
op]ational use ( unmann$ aircraft sy/ems
 by transnational crim9al organizations1
 c>tels1 or o!r illicit gr\ps 9 ! ,we/]n
 ,hemisph]e t are suppli$ by or emulat+ 
cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/  
organizations1 includ+ cross-bord]      
weaponization tr5ds1 n>cotics traffick+1
 & surveillance ( law en=cem5t          
op]ations4  7#aa7 ,a review ( !         
,dep>tm5t's rese>* & developm5t ef=ts to
 c\nt] em]g+ ?reats pos$ by cov]$       
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems us$ by cov]$    
=eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/        
organizations1 & h[ su* ef=ts contribute
 to dome/ic prep>$ness = & collective   
response to t]rorism4  7#ab7 ,a         

description ( h[ ! ,secret>y has        
incorporat$ input1 te*nology1 & be/     
practices f private sector entities1    
includ+ su* entities ! c\nt]-,,uas      
sy/ems or detection te*nologies ( :i*   
are curr5tly deploy$ 9 regions ( active 
conflict z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1 9    
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,f$]al dep>tm5ts or ag5cies ! ,secret>y 
det]m9es appropriate1 involv+ cov]$     
=eign adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/        
organizations1 9 ord] to /r5g!n dome/ic 
prep>$ness & accel]ate adoption (       
effective c\nt]-,,uas sy/em             
capabilities4  7#ac7 ,any o!r matt]     
relat+ to cov]$ unmann$ aircraft sy/ems 
! ,secret>y det]m9es appropriate4  7c7  
,tra9+ & capacity build+ ,to enhance    
dome/ic prep>$ness aga9/ t]rorism ?reats
 assess$ 9 accordance ) subsection 7a71 
! ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! heads ( 
relevant compon5ts & (fices ( !         
,dep>tm5t1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y1    
%all develop recomm5dations1 tra9+      
modules1 & ex]cises = ,f$]al1 ,/ate1    

local1 ,tribal1 & t]ritorial law        
en=cem5t to recognize1 report1 & respond
 to malici\s use ( unmann$ aircraft     
sy/ems by cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1 includ+
 t]rori/ organizations1 incorporat+     
lessons le>n$ f curr5t & rec5t global   
conflicts4  7d7 ,consultation ,!        
,secret>y %all develop ea* assessm5t (  
t]rorism ?reats "u subsection 7a7 9     
consultation ) repres5tatives ( !       
foll[+3  7#a7 ,compon5ts & (fices ( !   
,dep>tm5t4  7#b7 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se4
  7#c7 ,! ,(fice ( ! ,director (        
,national ,intellig5ce4  7#d7 ,any o!r  
repres5tatives ( ,f$]al dep>tm5ts or    
ag5cies ! ,secret>y det]m9es            
appropriate4  7e7 ,collaboration ,9     
c>ry+ out subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y   
%all seek to collaborate )              
repres5tatives ( private sector         
entities1 ea* ( :om %all be1 9 !        
det]m9ation ( ! ,secret>y1 a highly     
accompli%$ lead] 9 ! field ( c\nt]-,,uas
 sy/ems ) demon/rat$ exp]i5ce 9         
develop+1 deploy+1 or advis+ on cov]$   

unmann$ aircraft sy/ems us$ 9 regions 9 
:i* cov]$ =eign adv]s>ies1 includ+      
t]rori/ organizations1 op]ate1 9 ord] to
 lev]age private-sector exp]tise &      
res\rces = rese>*1 analysis1 &          
evaluation ( em]g+ ?reats relat+ to     
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems4  7f7 ,brief+   
requir$ ,n lat] ?an sev5 days aft] !    
submission ( ea* assessm5t ( t]rorism   
?reats "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y   
%all provide to ! appropriate           
congressional committees a classifi$    
brief+ on ! f9d+s1 conclusions1 &       
recomm5dations conta9$ 9 su* assessm5t4 
7g7 ,=m ,ea* assessm5t ( t]rorism ?reats
 "u subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9   
classifi$ =m4 ,! ,secret>y %all also    
prep>e an unclassifi$ annex to ea* su*  
assessm5t1 :i* %all be made publicly    
available on ! website ( ! ,dep>tm5t4   
7h7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3  7#a7   
,appropriate congressional committees ,!
 t]m appropriate congressional          
committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on 
,homel& ,security ( ! ,h\se (           

,repres5tatives2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on
 ,homel& ,security & ,gov]nm5tal        
,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4  7#b7 ,c\nt]-,,uas 
sy/em ,! t]m c\nt]-,,uas sy/em has !    
mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section #ddhja (   
title #di1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#c7   
,cov]$ =eign adv]s>y ,! t]m cov]$ =eign 
adv]s>y means-- 7,a7 any =eign gov]nm5t1
 milit>y1 intellig5ce s]vice1 or o!r    
au?ority ( a cov]$ =eign c\ntry act+    
indep5d5tly2 or  7,b7 any organization1 
gr\p1 or p]son act+ on behalf (1 ) !    
support1 direction1 control1 or influ5ce
 (1 or tra9$ or suppli$ by1 su* a =eign 
gov]nm5t1 milit>y1 intellig5ce s]vice1  
or o!r au?ority1 includ+ any proxy1     
militia1 p>amilit>y organization1       
intellig5ce or security s]vice1 or o!r  
/ate-sponsor$ actor t receives mat]ial  
support1 tra9+1 te*nical assi/ance1 or  
op]ational coord9ation f a cov]$ =eign  
c\ntry & engages 9 activities t ?reat5 !
 national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 
its allies4  7#d7 ,cov]$ =eign c\ntry ,!
 t]m cov]$ =eign c\ntry means a c\ntry  

t--  7,a7 ! intellig5ce community 7z su*
 t]m is def9$ 9 section #c7d7 ( !       
,national ,security ,act ( #aidg 7#ej   
,u4,s4,c4 #cjjc7d777 has id5tifi$ z a   
=eign adv]s>y 9 its mo/ rec5t ,annual   
,?reat ,assessm5t2 or  7,b7 ! ,secret>y1
 9 coord9ation ) ! ,director ( ,national
 ,intellig5ce1 has id5tifi$ z a =eign   
adv]s>y t is n includ$ 9 su* ,annual    
,?reat ,assessm5t4  7#e7 ,cov]$ unmann$ 
aircraft sy/em ,! t]m cov]$ unmann$     
aircraft sy/em means any unmann$        
aircraft sy/em t-- 7,a7 is manufactur$ 9
 a cov]$ =eign c\ntry or by an entity   
domicil$ 9 a cov]$ =eign c\ntry2  7,b7  
uses flight controll]s1 radios1 data    
transmission devices1 cam]as1 or gimbals
 manufactur$ 9 a cov]$ =eign c\ntry or  
by an entity domicil$ 9 a cov]$ =eign   
c\ntry2  7,c7 uses a gr\nd control sy/em
 or op]at+ s(tw>e develop$ 9 a cov]$    
=eign c\ntry or by an entity domicil$ 9 
a cov]$ =eign c\ntry2 or  7,d7 uses     
network connectivity or data /orage     
locat$ 9 a cov]$ =eign c\ntry or        

adm9i/]$ by an entity domicil$ 9 a cov]$
 =eign c\ntry4  7#f7 ,homel& ,security  
,ent]prise ,! t]m ,homel& ,security     
,ent]prise has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9   
section #bbjj4  7#g7 ,t]rori/           
organization ,! t]m t]rori/ organization
 means-- 7,a7 any entity designat$ z a  
=eign t]rori/ organization pursuant to  
section #bai ( ! ,immigration &         
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aahi72 
or  7,b7 any entity engag$ 9 t]rorism1 z
 su* t]m is def9$ 9 section #b7ah74     
7#h7 ,unmann$ aircraft sy/em ,! t]m     
unmann$ aircraft sy/em has ! mean+ giv5 
su* t]m 9 section #ddhja ( title #di1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 except t !         
requirem5t relat+ to safe & effici5t    
op]ation 9 ! national airspace sy/em    
%all n apply = purposes ( ?is section4  
4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table (      
cont5ts 9 section #a7;b7 ( ! ,homel&    
,security ,act ( #bjjb is am5d$ by      
ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section    
#cbc ! foll[+ new item3  ,sec4 #cbd4    
,annual assessm5t on t]rorism ?reats to 

! ,unit$ ,/ates relat+ to ! use (       
unmann$ aircraft sy/ems by cov]$ =eign  
adv]s>ies1 includ+ t]rori/              
organizations4  4