,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ei  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(             
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #c1 #bjbe,mr4 
,biggs ( ,arizona 7= himself & ,mr4     
,ogles7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y   
,a ,,bill  ,to specify ! /ate ( m9d     
requir$ = conviction = crim9al (f5ses t 
lack an expressly id5tifi$ /ate ( m9d1 &
 = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is  
,act may be cit$ z ! ,m5s ,rea ,re=m    
,act ( #bjbe4  #b4 ,/ate ( m9d elem5t = 
crim9al (f5ses  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #a (
 title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is     
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #bh4  
,/ate ( m9d :5 n o!rwise specifically   
provid$  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is         
section-- 7#a7 ! t]m cov]$ (f5se-- 7,a7 
means an (f5se-- 7i7 specifi$ 9-- 7,i7  
?is title or any o!r ,act ( ,congress2  
7,,ii7 any regulation2 or  7,,iii7 any  
law 7includ+ regulations7 ( any ,/ate or
 =eign gov]nm5t incorporat$ by ref]5ce  
into ?is title or any o!r ,act (        
,congress2 &  7ii7 t is puni%able by    

imprisonm5t1 a maximum crim9al f9e ( at 
lea/ #b1ejj1 or bo?2 &  7,b7 does n     
include-- 7i7 any (f5se set =? 9 *apt]  
#dg or *apt] #dg;,a ( title #aj2 or     
7ii7 any (f5se incorporat$ by section   
#ac7;a7 ( ?is title2  7#b7 ! t]m kn[+ly1
 z relat$ to an elem5t ( an (f5se1      
means-- 7,a7 if ! elem5t involves !     
nature ( ! conduct ( a p]son or !       
att5dant circum/ances1 t ! p]son is aw>e
 t ! conduct ( ! p]son is ( t nature or 
t su* circum/ances exi/2 &  7,b7 if !   
elem5t involves a result ( ! conduct ( a
 p]son1 t ! p]son is aw>e t x is        
practically c]ta9 t ! conduct ( ! p]son 
w cause su* a result2  7#c7 ! t]m /ate (
 m9d means willfully1 int5tionally1     
malici\sly1 kn[+ly1 recklessly1         
wantonly1 neglig5tly1 ) reason to       
believe1 or any o!r ^w or phrase t is   
synonym\s ) or sub/antially simil> to   
any su* t]m2 &  7#d7 ! t]m willfully1 z 
relat$ to an elem5t ( an (f5se1 means-- 
7,a7 t ! p]son act$ ) k t ! p]son's     
conduct 0 unlawful2 &  7,b7 if ! elem5t 

involves ! nature1 att5dant             
circum/ances1 object1 or result ( !     
conduct ( a p]son1 t-- 7i7 ! p]son _h k 
( ! nature1 att5dant circum/ances1      
object1 or result ( ! conduct ( ! p]son2
 &  7ii7 x 0 ! consci\s object ( ! p]son
 to engage 9 conduct-- 7,i7 ( t nature2 
7,,ii7 ) t att5dant circum/ance2        
7,,iii7 ) t object2 or  7,,iv7 to cause 
su* a result4  7b7 ,default requirem5t  
,except z provid$ 9 subsections 7c7 &   
7d71 a cov]$ (f5se %all be con/ru$ to   
require ! ,gov]nm5t to prove beyond a   
reasonable d\bt t ! def5dant act$-- 7#a7
 ) ! /ate ( m9d specifi$ 9 ! text ( !   
cov]$ (f5se = ea* elem5t ( ! (f5se = :i*
 ! text specifies a /ate ( m9d2 &  7#b7 
kn[+ly1 ) respect to any elem5t ( !     
(f5se = :i* ! text ( ! cov]$ (f5se does 
n specify a /ate ( m9d4  7c7 ,failure   
,to di/+ui% among elem5ts ,except z     
provid$ 9 subsection 7d71 if ! text ( a 
cov]$ (f5se specifies ! /ate ( m9d      
requir$ = commission ( ! cov]$ (f5se )\t
 specify+ ! elem5ts ( ! cov]$ (f5se to  

:i* ! /ate ( m9d applies1 ! /ate ( m9d  
specifi$ %all apply to all elem5ts ( !  
cov]$ (f5se1 unless a contr>y purpose   
pla9ly appe>s4  7d7 ,exceptions  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,subsections 7b77#b7 & 7c7 %all n
 apply ) respect to-- 7,a7 any elem5t = 
:i* ! text ( ! cov]$ (f5se makes cle> t 
,congress affirmatively int5d$ n to     
require ! ,gov]nm5t to prove any /ate ( 
m9d ) respect to su* elem5t2  7,b7 any  
elem5t ( a cov]$ (f5se1 to ! ext5t t !  
elem5t e/abli%es-- 7i7 subject matt]    
jurisdiction ov] ! cov]$ (f5se2 or  7ii7
 v5ue ) respect to trial ( ! cov]$      
(f5se2 or  7,c7 any elem5t ( a cov]$    
(f5se1 to ! ext5t t apply+ subsections  
7b77#b7 & 7c7 to su* elem5t w\ld less5 !
 degree ( m5tal culpability t !         
,gov]nm5t is requir$ to prove ) respect 
to t elem5t "u-- 7i7 prec$5t ( !        
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or    
7ii7 any o!r provision ( ?is title1 any 
o!r ,act ( ,congress1 or any regulation4
  7#b7 ,m]e abs5ce insuffici5t ,=       
purposes ( p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 ! m]e    

abs5ce ( a specifi$ /ate ( m9d = an     
elem5t ( a cov]$ (f5se 9 ! text ( !     
cov]$ (f5se %all n be con/ru$ to mean t 
,congress affirmatively int5d$ n to     
require ! ,gov]nm5t to prove any /ate ( 
m9d ) respect to t elem5t4  7e7         
,applicability ,?is section %all apply )
 respect to a cov]$ (f5se-- 7#a7 )\t    
reg>d to :e!r ! provision or provisions 
specify+ ! cov]$ (f5se are enact$1      
promulgat$1 or f9aliz$ be=e1 on1 or aft]
 ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section2 &     
7#b7 t 0 committ$-- 7,a7 on or aft] !   
date ( enactm5t ( ?is section2 or  7,b7 
be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1   
unless-- 7i7 apply+ ?is section to su*  
cov]$ (f5se w\ld-- 7,i7 puni% z a crime 
conduct t 0 innoc5t :5 done2  7,,ii7    
increase ! puni%m5t = ! cov]$ (f5se2 or 
7,,iii7 deprive a p]son *>g$ ) ! cov]$  
(f5se ( any def5se available accord+ to 
law at ! "t ! cov]$ (f5se occurr$2  7ii7
 a jury has be5 empanel$ & sworn 9 a    
prosecution = ! cov]$ (f5se be=e ! date 
( enactm5t ( ?is section2  7iii7 ! fir/ 

witness has be5 sworn 9 a prosecution = 
! cov]$ (f5se tri$ )\t a jury be=e !    
date ( enactm5t ( ?is section2 or  7iv7 
a s5t5ce has be5 impos$ foll[+ a plea ( 
guilty or nolo cont5d]e 9 a prosecution 
= ! cov]$ (f5se be=e ! date ( enactm5t (
 ?is section4  7f7 ,subsequ5tly enact$  
laws ,no provision ( law enact$ aft] !  
date ( enactm5t ( ?is section %all be   
con/ru$ to repeal1 modify ! text or     
effect (1 or sup]s$e 9 :ole or 9 "p ?is 
section1 unless su* law specifically    
ref]s to ?is section & explicitly       
repeals1 modifies ! text or effect (1 or
 sup]s$es 9 :ole or 9 "p ?is section4  4
  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,!     
table ( sections = *apt] #a ( title #ah1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  #bh4 ,/ate ( m9d :5 
n o!rwise specifically provid$4  4