,i #aaith ,,congress #ast ,session ,h4 ,r4 #eccb ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,september #aa1 #bjbe,mr4 ,obernolte 7for himself and ,mr4 ,gottheimer7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce1 and in addition to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology1 for a period to be subsequently determined by the ,speaker1 in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned ,a ,,bill ,to direct the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states to conduct a technology assessment focused on liquid-cooling systems for artificial-intelligence compute clusters and high-performance computing facilities1 require the development of ,federal ,government-wide best-practice guidance for ,federal agencies1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title and purpose ,this ,act may be cited as the ,liquid ,cooling for ,,ai ,act of #bjbe4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the #bjbd ,united ,states ,data ,center ,energy ,usage ,report published by ,lawrence ,berkeley ,national ,laboratory indicates that data centers accounted for #d4d percent of total ,united ,states electricity consumption in #bjbc1 up from #a4i percent in #bjah4 ,the report further projects that data centers could represent between #f4g percent and #ab4h percent of total electricity consumption by #bjbh1 due to the rapid growth of ,,ai1 cloud computing1 and other digital technologies4 7#b7 ,traditional air-cooled systems are reaching limits to effectively remove heat from ,,ai chips and hardware1 and liquid cooling enhanced thermal performance is increasingly becoming a necessity for high-density ,,ai servers and data centers due to the growing power consumption and heat generation of ,,ai workloads4 7#c7 ,liquidcooling technologies1 including directtochip 7,,dtc7 liquid cooling and singlephase or twophase immersion cooling1 can improve thermal performance1 enable higher densities1 and reduce cooling system load when properly engineered and maintained4 7#d7 ,effective liquidcooling deployments require interoperable components and engineered subsystems1 including coolant distribution units1 secondary loops1 manifolds1 hoses1 quickdisconnects1 valves1 pumps1 filters1 leak detection and containment1 corrosion control1 and appropriate instrumentation and controls4 7#e7 ,interfaces for heatreuse are integral to liquid systems and can reduce thermal load on heatrejection equipment by transferring heat through plate heat exchangers or other devices to beneficial secondary uses where technically appropriate4 7#f7 ,federal agencies1 including the ,department of ,energy1 are considering the deployment of ,,ai systems across government-owned facilities4 7#g7 ,a comprehensive1 independent assessment of emerging data center architectures and cooling technologies is essential to inform efficient and cost-effective deployment decisions across the ,federal ,government4 #c4 ,liquid cooling deployment and scalability 7a7 ,,gao review ,not later than #cj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall initiate a review of the research and development needs1 and the related market1 technological1 and regulatory conditions1 affecting liquid cooling utilization by data centers4 7b7 ,elements ,the review required under subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,an evaluation of liquid cooling research and development needs1 and the costs and benefits for high performance computing4 7#b7 ,a description of avoided costs of energy1 including deferred and avoided new electric transmission and infrastructure upgrades and associated costs4 7#c7 ,a description of increased compute capacity by enabling more energy to be used for computing workloads rather than cooling4 7#d7 ,a survey and analysis of existing research on the positive and negative effects of liquid cooling on computing performance1 resiliency1 and cybersecurity4 7#e7 ,an assessment of market trends and adoption rates of liquid cooling in ,united ,states data centers over the past five years4 7#f7 ,a comparison of directtochip 7,,dtc7 liquid cooling and immersion cooling approaches across representative density bands1 including relating to thermal performance1 maintainability1 interoperability1 safety1 failure modes1 and lifecycle cost4 7#g7 ,an evaluation of coolant options1 including water1 waterglycol1 and engineered fluids1 materials compatibility1 corrosion control1 bio growth mitigation1 filtration1 deaeration1 and fluid monitoring and management4 7#h7 ,recommendations relating to whether liquid cooling should be considered as a primary cooling option over air cooling due to the thermal conditions of computing components in servers within data centers4 7#i7 ,development of reference architectures and layouts for rack1 row1 and roomlevel liquid distribution by density band and cooling approach4 7#aj7 ,a survey of existing opportunities for reusing waste heat produced by data centers4 7#aa7 ,an evaluation of failure scenarios 7such as pump failures or fluid leaks7 and mitigation strategies1 especially in shared co-location environments4 7c7 ,requirements 7#a7 ,recommendations ,in preparing the review required under subsection 7a71 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall include recommendations1 including considerations relating to the following3 7,a7 ,the ,federal ,government's utilization of and ongoing research on liquid cooling technologies4 7,b7 ,best practices and industry standards for the design and operation of liquid cooling technologies4 7,c7 ,methods to enhance the security1 reliability1 and resilience of computing equipment and data centers4 7,d7 ,methods to accelerate education on operational best practices4 7#b7 ,stakeholder input ,with the goal of identifying the best practices and industry standards referred to in paragraph 7#a77;,a71 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall consult with stakeholders from ,federal1 ,state1 and local governments1 the private sector1 academia1 and ,national ,laboratories4 7#c7 ,liquid cooling advisory organization 7,a7 ,in general ,in furtherance of the review required under subsection 7a71 including the identification of best practices and industry standards referred to in paragraph 7#a77;,a71 the ,secretary of ,energy and the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall jointly designate a liquid cooling industry organization with which to consult and coordinate in the preparation of such review4 7,b7 ,requirements ,the organization designated pursuant to subparagraph 7,a71 whether preexisting or formed specifically for the purposes described in such subparagraph1 shall satisfy the following criteria3 7i7 ,consist of interested parties who have expertise in liquid cooling system applications in the development1 operation1 and functionality of ,,ai factories or data centers1 information technology equipment1 or software1 as well as representatives of hardware manufacturers1 data center operators1 or ,,ai factory development4 7ii7 ,consult with relevant stakeholders1 including the ,department of ,energy1 the ,national ,laboratories1 and any college1 university1 research institution1 industry association1 company1 or public interest group with applicable expertise in any of the subject matters areas specified in clause 7i74 7iii7 ,have as its mission the development and promotion of liquid cooling for data centers and information technology4 7d7 ,report ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to the ,secretary of ,energy and the appropriate congressional committees a written report containing the results1 findings1 and any associated recommendations of the review required under subsection 7a74 7e7 ,department of ,energy review ,not later than #ahj days after receiving the report from the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states under subsection 7d71 the ,secretary of ,energy shall-- 7#a7 evaluate such report and any associated recommendations2 and 7#b7 submit to the appropriate congressional committees an assessment of such report and any associated recommendations1 including-- 7,a7 relevant considerations for ,congress regarding the importance of liquid cooling for the ,united ,states to maintain its global lead in ,,ai technologies2 and 7,b7 recommendations for research and development on liquid cooling and heat-reuse4 7f7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,,ai ,the term ,,ai has the meaning given the term artificial intelligence in section #ejjb of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja74 7#b7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,the term appropriate congressional committees means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#c7 ,directtochip 7,,dtc7 liquid cooling ,the term direct-to-chip 7,,dtc7 liquid cooling means a liquid cooling method that involves circulating a coolant in direct contact with applicable heat-generating components1 such as processors and memory modules1 to efficiently absorb and transfer heat away4 7#d7 ,heatreuse ,the term heat-reuse means the capture and transfer of waste heat from liquid loops for beneficial secondary use through appropriate interfaces and controls4 7#e7 ,immersion cooling ,the term immersion cooling means a cooling technique that involves submerging electronic components in a dielectric fluid to absorb and dissipate heat within a preset temperature range4 7#f7 ,liquid cooling ,the term liquid cooling means utilization of liquids to remove heat efficiently from electronic components4 7#g7 ,national ,laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74