,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ecbg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #aa1 #bjbe  
,ms4 ,mc,clellan introduc$ ! foll[+     
bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on   
,natural ,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  ,to ext5d
 ,f$]al recognition to ! ,nott[ay       
,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2 table (     
cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may  
be cit$ z ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (   
,virg9ia ,f$]al ,recognition ,act4  7b7 
,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts (   
?is ,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort  
title2 table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4       
,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4 #d4
 ,f$]al recognition4 ,sec4 #e4          
,memb]%ip2 gov]n+ docum5ts4 ,sec4 #f4   
,gov]n+ body4 ,sec4 #g4 ,res]vation ( ! 
,tribe4 ,sec4 #h4 ,gam+4 ,sec4 #i4      
,hunt+1 fi%+1 trapp+1 ga!r+1 & wat]     
rights4 ,sec4 #aj4 ,indian ,*ild ,welf>e
 ,act ( #aigh4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress    
f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 #aehf3 ,ralph ,lane1
 lead] ( ! ,colony at ,roanoke          

7,virg9ia71 docum5t$ 8 engagem5t )      
,iroquois nations ( ,nott[ays1 ,meh]r91 
& ,tusc>ora ,indians--collectively      
ref]r$ to by ! ,algonquian t]m          
,mangoaks1 7also kn[n z                 
,mangoags7--report+ t !y possess$ a 4 4 
4 great quantity ( copp]44  7#b7 #afji3 
,9 se>* ( in=mation conc]n+ ! ,lo/      
,colony ( ,virg9ia1 ,na?aniel ,p[ell &  
,anas ,todkill 7 l$ to ! ,mangoaks =    
in=mation4  7#c7 #afab3 ,ox=d ,univ]sity
 press publi%$ ! fir/ detail$ map ( !   
,*esapeake ,bay & :at is n[ ,virg9ia1   
,m>yl&1 ,delaw>e1 ,p5nsylvania1 & !     
,di/rict ( ,columbia--,a ,map (         
,virg9ia4 ,) a ,description ( !         
,c\ntrey1 ! ,commodities1 ,p1 ,gov]nm5t 
& ,religion--0 *>t$ by explor] ,capta9  
,john ,smi? & docum5t+ #bjj ,indian     
names & locations1 includ+ ,mannahoack4 
7#d7 #afdf3 ,! ,treaty ( #afdf 0 sign$  
by ,gov4 ,william ,b]keley & ,necot[ance
 recogniz$ z ! regional ,k+ ( ! ,indians
 & end$ ,?ird ,anglo-,p[hatan ,w>       
7#afdd-df74 ,z a result ( ! treaty1     

regional tribes 7 consid]$ tribut>ies to
 ! ,engli% gov]nm5t & c$e mu* ( _!      
t]ritory to ! ,engli%4 ,! treaty also   
con/ruct$ /rict t]ms ( segregation &    
engagem5t betwe5 ,indians & coloni/s4   
7#e7 #afej3 ,nott[ays provid$ ,iroquois 
int]pret]s & diplomatic envoys to !     
,tusc>ora tribe on behalf ( explor]s    
,engli% m]*ants ,abraham ,wood & ,edw>d 
,bl& z !y travel$ s\? f ,=t ,h5ry to !  
,roanoke ,riv]1 hop+ to e/abli% trade ) 
! ,indians & to discov] pot5tially      
m>ketable commodities4 ,on _! j\rney !y 
visit$ ! two ,nott[ay ,t[ns1 ,*\nt]\te  
ne> pres5t day ,r[antee ,creek &        
,cohannehahanka fur!r s\? t[>d !        
,nott[ay ,riv]4  7#f7 #afgg3 ,9 response
 to ! aggressions & plund]+ ( ,bacon's  
,rebellion1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,nott[ays jo9$ 9
 sign+ ! ,articles ( ,peace1 also kn[n z
 ! ,treaty ( ,middle ,plantation betwe5 
! ,cr[n ( ,engl& & ,virg9ia ,tribes4    
,?r\gh ! articles 9 ! agreem5t1 !       
,nott[ay nation became tribut>y to !    
,engli% k+--a quasi-alliance--t =c$ !   

,nott[ay & o!r tribes to accept !       
dom9ion ( ! ,cr[n b confirm$ ,indian    
gov]nm5ts & t]ritories z dep5d5t        
sov]eigns & outl9$ mutual rights &      
responsibilities1 includ+ milit>y       
coop]ation & t]ritorial b\nd>ies4  7#g7 
#afhj-afij3 ,due to ! increas$ colonial 
expansion ?r\gh\t ! latt] half ( ! #ag? 
c5tury1 ! ,nott[ays migrat$ s\? along ! 
,nott[ay ,riv] t[>d ,assamoosick ,swamp 
7mod]n day ,s\?ampton ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia74
  7#h7 #agje3 ,pursuant to ! ,articles (
 ,peace1 9 #agje1 an act ( ! ,virg9ia   
,h\se ( ,burgesses ord]$ ! ,b\nds = !   
,nott[ay ,l&s be ,laid out = ,!m ''' a  
,circle ,?ree ,miles ,r\nd ''' & ano!r  
p>cel ( ,l& on ! ,s\? ,side ,nott[ay    
,riv] ,six ,miles ,squ>e4 ,accord+ly1   
two tracts ( l& compris$ ( approximately
 #dj1jjj acres 7 designat$ z ,nott[ay   
l&3 a tw5ty-eight squ>e mile polygon    
nor? ( ! ,nott[ay ,riv] along !         
,assamoosick ,swamp1 kn[n z ! ,circle   
,tract1 & ?irty-six squ>e miles s\? ( ! 
,nott[ay ,riv]1 kn[n z ! ,squ>e ,tract4 

,legal ov]sight ( ! res]vations 0       
entru/$ to a small circle ( relat$ &    
politically align$ non-,indian m5 :o    
rema9$ 9 control ( ! ,nott[ay ,tru/ee%ip
 = ov] "o hundr$ ye>s4 ,_! managem5t (  
,nott[ay res\rces und]m9$ traditional   
,nott[ay lead]%ip roles1 re/rict$       
,nott[ay economic maneuv]ability &      
self-det]m9ation1 & ev5tually 0 det]m9$ 
by a ,virg9ia c\rt to h violat$ fiduci>y
 responsibilities1 result+ 9 ! gradual  
dim9i%+ ( once pl5tiful res\rces4  7#i7 
#agaa-agac3 ,! ,nott[ay gov]nance       
/ructure reli$ ^u k9-bas$ gov]n+ bodies 
t prioritiz$ build+ community cons5sus &
 consi/$ ( a tribal lead] & a c\ncil    
ref]r$ to z great m544  7#aj7           
#agaa-agfj3 ,9 an ef=t to resolve ongo+ 
conflicts at ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a bord]1     
,alex&] ,spotswood1 ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor 
( ! ,colony ( ,virg9ia negotiat$ )      
,tribal *iefs1 includ+ ! ,nott[ays1     
ultimately dem&+ t ! ,nott[ay s5d two ( 
_! sons z ho/ages to be educat$ &       
religi\sly indoctr9at$ at ! ,braff]ton  

,s*ool at ,williamsburg 7,virg9ia7 at   
:at is n[ ,william  ,m>y ,college1 9    
ex*ange = ! ceas+ ( ho/ilities & !      
,colonial gov]nm5t grant+ waiv]s ( !    
tribes' annual tribute paym5ts4 ,at "o  
po9t1 ,nott[ay tribal lead]%ip 7 put 9  
irons until !y compli$ ) ! ,treaty4     
,subsequ5tly1 ,nott[ay *ildr5 att5d$ &  
appe>$ on ! rolls at ! ,braff]ton       
7,indian7 ,s*ool 7briefly relocat$ at   
,=t ,*ri/ianna7 until ab\t #agfj4  7#aa7
 #agac-ad3 ,! ,nott[ay & ,meh]r9 tribes 
p>tn]$ to act z regional int]m$i>ies1   
buff]+ colonial settlem5ts f ! ongo+    
ho/ility ( tribes along ! ,nor? ,c>ol9a 
fronti]4  7#ab7 #agbh3 ,! ,william ,byrd
 ,exp$ition /ay$ ) ! ,nott[ay :ile      
j\rney+ to survey ! divid+ l9e betwe5   
,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,william ,byrd 
rec\nts 8 visit to ! ,nott[ay ,great    
,t[n on ! ,assomoosick ,swamp4 ,he      
describes !m z ! ,mehogony ,sk9s or !   
,copp] ,col\rd ,ones ( ,nott[ay ,t[ne & 
also /ates t ! ,nott[ay are ! only      
,indians ( consequ5ce n[ rema9+ )9 !    

limits ( ,virg9ia44  7#ac7 #agce3 ,!    
,virg9ia legislature pass$ _! fir/ ,act 
au?oriz+ ! ,nott[ay to sell a portion ( 
_! #dj1jjj acre res]vation l& 9 !       
,circul> ,tract 79 ,isle ( ,wight       
,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 nor? ( ! ,nott[ay     
,riv]7 "u ! sup]vision ( appo9t$        
,tru/ees4  7#ad7 #agej's3 ,dur+ ! ,fr5* 
& ,indian ,w> ( ! mid-#agej's1 !        
,nott[ay jo9$ ) ! ,*]okee & ,catawba    
f\ght 9 sev]al engagem5ts aga9/ ! ,fr5* 
& ,%awnee1 "u ! comm& ( ! "y ,lt4       
,colonel ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,lt4 ,colonel
 ,wa%+ton believ$ _! s]vice 0 invaluable
 9 ! woodl& w>f>e ( ! fronti] &         
recomm5d$ t ,gov]nor ,d9widdie recognize
 ! di/+ui%$ s]vice ( ,?omas ,/ep1 say+  
,capta9 ,tom1 ! ,*ief ( ! ,nott[ays3 ,he
 has receiv$ less1 & des]ves m ?an any (
 !m2 z he us$ great pa9s to br+ !       
,tusk>oras1 & has met ) no rew>d = x1   
al?\gh he 0 promis$ "o4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! 
,virg9ia ,h\se ( ,burgesses not$1 ,tom  
,/ep1 ,billy ,john1 ,s*ool ,rob9 ,rob]t 
,s*ol>1 & ,aleck ,s*ol>1 ,nott[ay       

,indians ''' 7 9 ! ,s]vice ( ?is        
,colony1 & did behave !mselves ) great  
,brav]y dur+ ! la/ ,campaign1 p>ticul>ly
 ''' ,tom ,/ep1 :o di/+ui%$ himself v   
rem>kably 9 ! ,action be=e ,=t ,du      
,quesne1 "u ! ,comm& ( ,major ,grant44  
7#ae7 #ageb3 ,! ,virg9ia ,h\se (        
,burgesses pass$ an act1 emp[]+ colonial
 ,tru/ees to manage transactions p]ta9+ 
to ! ,nott[ay l& & res\rces3 ,_m evil   
dispos$ p]sons "u pret5ce ( ! said      
,indians be+ indebt$ to !m d frequ5tly  
disposses !m ( _! guns1 blankets1 & o!r 
app>el1 to _! great impov]i%m5t 4 4 4   
p]sons s (f5d+1 %all =feit & pay to !   
,indian or ,indians s injur$1 ! sum (   
tw5ty %ill+s curr5t money1 = e su* (f5ce
 ''' & %all be paid to ! tru/ees        
a=esaid1 & by !m laid out 9 common      
necess>ies ( life1 = ! ,indian to ^: use
 ! same %all be recov]$4 ,additionally1 
an ext9ction clause 9 ! act direct$ t1  
%\ld ! ,nott[ay tribe g ext9ct1 all     
proce$s f ! res]vation l&s 7 to be      
deposit$ 9 ! public treasury4 ,tru/ee   

mismanagem5t ( ,nott[ay funds ensu$1 to 
! advantage ( ! ,tru/ees & to ! inequity
 ( ! ,nott[ay p 7,wood>d #bjac3aeb74    
7#af7 #aggf3 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,am]ican   
,revolution1 ,nott[ay soldi]s f\ght     
alongside :ites1 ,african ,am]icans1 &  
o!r ,indians 9 ! s]vice ( !             
,commonweal?1 integrat$ )9 revolution>y 
,virg9ia's ,regim5ts ( ,foot4 ,out ( !  
,nott[ay families repres5t$ 9 ! #aggjs  
docum5ts f ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,t[n1 half
 s5t "y m5 into ! s]vice ( ! ,am]ican   
,revolution1 & at lea/ ?ree ( ! ,nott[ay
 families lo/ family memb]s dur+ !      
conflict4  7#ag7 #ahjj's3 ,at ! beg9n+ (
 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! ,nott[ay 7 ! only  
,iroquoian community 9 ! region to      
ma9ta9 cont9u\s control ov] a portion ( 
_! indig5\s t]ritory--#d1bce acres 9    
,s\?ampton ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4            
,traditionally1 tribal cu/om _h det]m9$ 
,nott[ay desc5t only ?r\gh matril9eal   
l9es in/ead ( g5etic connection4 ,)9    
,nott[ay gov]nance1 ?is cu/om>y         
di/9ction impact$ access to tribal      

lead]%ip & h]$it>y roles4 ,)9 !         
,commonweal?'s legal /ructure1 h[ev]    
matril9eal desc5t det]m9$ legal access  
to tribal res\rces d]iv$ f ! res]vation 
l&s4 ,! ,commonweal?'s matril9eal       
di/9ction result$ 9 limit$ docum5tation 
( *ildr5 born ( ,nott[ay m5 by          
non-,nott[ay mo!rs4 ,_m ( ^? g5etic     
,nott[ay 7 docum5t$ ,free               
,negro1,indian1,mulatto1 or ,:ite4 ,any 
decrease 9 ,nott[ay inh]itors ?r\gh     
removal or exogamy or removal f         
docum5tation z ,nott[ay all[$ l>g]      
am\nts ( money to rema9 9 ! tru/ because
 !re 7 few] eligible recipi5ts4 ,?is    
manipulation ( docum5tation provid$ !   
tru/ees m control ov] matril9eal        
,nott[ay l&s because !re 7 few] pot5tial
 ,nott[ay lead]s to c\nt] ! tru/ees'    
recomm5dations4  7#ah7 #ahji3 ,a legal  
op9ion submitt$ to ! ,gov]nor ( ,virg9ia
 by ,attorney ,g5]al ,phillip ,norborne 
,ni*olas summ>iz$ legislative acts      
reg>d+ ,nott[ay ,indian l& held !       
,nott[ay ,indians' claim "u title       

p>am\nt to e o!r--! aborig9al "r to _!  
soil be=e ! rights ( ei!r ! ,k+ or      
colony ''' or ( ! ,commonweal?4  7#ai7  
#ahbj3 ,john ,wood1 a pr(essor f        
,william & ,m>y ,college int]view$      
,nott[ay speak]s includ+ ,*ief ,edy     
,turn] 7b4#aged-;d4#ahch71 & e/abli%$ a 
vocabul>y li/ ( ov] #bej ,nott[ay words 
& phrases4 ,=m] ,presid5t ,?omas        
,jeff]son & l+ui/ ,pet] ,s4 ,du,ponceau 
det]m9$ ,nott[ay language to be an      
,iroquoian dialect & ! vocabul>y 0      
publi%$ 9 #ahcf by ,alb]t ,gallat91 :o  
_h be5 ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury dur+ !   
,jeff]son ,adm9i/ration4  7#bj7         
#ahba-aheb3 ,! ,nott[ay community 0     
politically active1 petition+ ! ,virg9ia
 legislature1 gov]nors1 & c\nty c\rts to
 int]c$e on matt]s relat$ to !          
mismanagem5t ( ,nott[ay funds1 accus+ ! 
,tru/ees ( conflicts ( int]e/1          
embezzlem5t1 &                          
mismanagem5t_/misappropriation ( ,indian
 funds di/ribution ( prop]ty1 illegal   
seizure1 & violation ( treaty           

obligations4 ,9 response1 ! ,g5]al      
,assembly conduct$ audits & twice remov$
 appo9t$ tru/ees1 al?\gh ! displac$     
tru/ees select$ _! own successors4      
7#ba7 #ahba3 ,nott[ay citiz5s acquir$   
legal repres5tation & petition$ !       
,virg9ia ,g5]al ,assembly = ! ,nott[ay  
to be fre$ f ! exploitive ov]sight ( !  
,tru/ees1 to re/rict fur!r sales (      
,nott[ay l&s1 to h full control ov] !   
pr9cipal am\nts d]iv$1 & to int]nally   
manage ! di/ribution ( ^? res\rces4 ,!  
petition 0 sign$ by ,*ief ,edy ,turn] & 
?ree o!r ,nott[ay citiz5s1 us+ _!       
,iroquoian titles or p]sonal names3     
,wane' ,roons]aw or ,edi? ,turn]1 ,k>e' 
h\t or ,polly ,woodson1 ,william        
,woodson1 & ,te-res-ke' or ,solomon     
,rog]s4 ,?is petition is ! only extant  
docum5tation ( n9ete5?-c5tury ,tidewat] 
,virg9ia :]e ,indian p us$ _! indig5\s  
language 9 political disc\rse4  7#bb7   
#ahbd3 ,al?\gh ! #ahba petition 0 d5i$1 
9 #ahbd1 matril9eal ,nott[ay ,william   
,g4 ,bozeman1 also kn[n z ,william      

,woodson1 appli$ = p]mission to hold 9  
fee simple s mu* l& z he may be consid]$
 entitl$ to free f ! control ( !        
,tru/ees4 ,! subsequ5t act conc]n+      
,william ,g4 ,bozeman held t any        
desc5dant ( a female ( ! ,nott[ay ga9$ !
 "r to possess l& allotm5ts & monies f !
 tribal tru/ & ! same p[] to sell convey
 or ex*ange ! same1 z free :ite p]sons (
 ?is ,commonweal? possess & enjoy4 ,9   
?is way1 ! ,virg9ia legislature codifi$ 
,nott[ay inh]itance & access to mat]ials
 & assets d]iv$ f res]vation l&s z be+  
det]m9$ solely by desc5t4  7#bc7        
#ahcj-ahhj3 ,tru/ees divid$ !           
res]vations among matril9eal ,nott[ays4 
,allotm5t f>ms ( ext5d$ ,indian families
 7 develop$ z private prop]ty home/eads4
 ,nott[ay ,millie ,woodson-,turn] 0 "o (
 ! few resid5ts ( ,nott[ay ,indian ,t[n 
^: p>5ts 7 bo? ( matril9eal ,nott[ay    
desc5t4 ,h] home/ead 7! ,millie         
,woodson-,turn] ,home ,site7 0 e/abli%$ 
circa #ahej on ,nott[ay ,indian allotm5t
 l& & 0 cont9u\sly occupi$ by ! family &

 desc5dants until circa #aiej4 ,!       
,millie ,woodson-,turn] ,home ,site has 
be5 designat$ a /ate & ,f$]al hi/orical 
l&m>k1 9 #bjbj & #bjba1 respectively4   
7#bd7 #ahch3 ,9 litigation involv+ !    
/atus ( matril9eal ,nott[ay ,p>sons     
,turn] & ! quagmire ( ,virg9ia's legal  
classification ( races1 ! ,attorney     
,g5]al ( ,virg9ia det]m9$ t ,9 _! "* (  
memb]s ( a dep5d5t tribe ( ,indians !   
individuals ( ! ,nott[ay tribe h all !  
privileges ( ,indians4 ,! fact t "s ( !m
 may also be mulattoes %\ld n deprive !m
 ( ?is privilege44  7#be7 #ahdi3        
,tru/ees = ! ,nott[ay & ,nansemond      
,tribes ( ,indians br\ght a lawsuit     
aga9/ =m] ,tru/ee ,j]emiah ,cobb1 a     
prom95t local slave own] & ! judge :o   
presid$ ov] ! #ahca trial ( ,nat ,turn]4
 ,! lawsuit 0 a success & ,cobb _h to   
pay monet>y damages4 ,?is case is "o (  
only sev]al docum5t$ in/ances 9 :i* a   
,virg9ia tribe successfully br\ght a    
lawsuit "u treaty_/res]vation rights    
dur+ ! n9ete5? c5tury4  7#bf7 #ahgh3 ,! 

*ildr5 ( ,edw9 ,turn]1 :o 0 heir to !   
prop]ty ( ,edy ,turn]1 made ! la/       
record$ application = #ege acres (      
,nott[ay res]vation ,l&4  7#bg7 #ahhi3  
,james ,mooney ( ! ,smi?sonian          
,in/itution receives responses to       
que/ionnaires /at+ ,nott[ay liv+ 9 !    
area ne> ,c\rtl&1 ,virg9ia4  7#bh7      
#ahij3 ,?r\gh\t ! fir/ half ( ! #bj?    
,c5tury1 ,nott[ay citiz5s cont9u$ to    
reside on ,nott[ay allotm5ts4 ,nott[ay  
collaborat+ ) ea* o!r = labor & surviv$ 
by pool+ res\rces betwe5 ! urban & rural
 ,nott[ay1 creat+ a type ( socioeconomic
 cont9uum ( k9%ip betwe5 city life & 9 !
 c\ntry4 ,! ,virg9ia ,news section ( !  
,july #bh1 #ahij1 edition ( ! ,alex&ria 
,gazette /at$ ,john ,williams1 ! elde/ (
 ! rema9+ ,nott[ay tribe ( ,indians1 0  
at c\rt at ,boyk9s la/ week4 ,he is     
sev5ty-f\r ye>s old1 hale & he>ty &     
works on 8 f>m e day44  7#bi7 #aiah3 ,z 
late z #aiah1 ,nott[ay 7 /ill be+ buri$ 
9 ,old ,indian ,gravey>d 9 ,capron      
,di/rict1 ,virg9ia4  7#cj7 #aibd-aicj3  

,! ,indian ,citiz5%ip ,act grant$       
citiz5%ip to indig5\s p born )9 !       
t]ritorial ,unit$ ,/ates :o 7 n already 
consid]$ citiz5s4 ,! ,virg9ia ,g5]al    
,assembly pass$ a s]ies ( ,racial       
,integrity ,laws ) ! int5tion ( limit+  
misceg5ation3 ,! #aibd law def9$ a p]son
 z :ite z "o ) no kn[n trace ( any o!r  
race except caucasion1 ) ! exception (  
#a_/af or less ( ,am]ican ,indian 7(t5  
ref]r$ to z ! ,pocahontas exception74 ,!
 #aibf law requir$ public spaces to be  
racially segregat$ public spaces4 ,!    
#aicj law def9$ a p]son ) any trace (   
,african ,am]ican ance/ry z negro 7(t5  
ref]r$ to z ! "o drop rule471 result$ 9 
_m indig5\s p 9 ,virg9ia1 :o previ\sly  
_h be5 classifi$ z ,indian1 to be       
reclassifi$ z negro44  7#ca7 #aidh3 ,!  
annual ,smi?sonian ,in/itute ,report by 
,dr4 ,william ,h4 ,gilb]t re/at$1 ,we/ (
 ! ,nansemond 9 ,s\?ampton ,c\nty betwe5
 ,sebrell & ,c\rtl&1 !re are ass]t$ to  
be /ill rema9+ remnants ( ! ,nott[ay    
,tribe44  7#cb7 #aife-fi3 ,ar*eological 

excavations 7 made at ,h& ,site 9       
,s\?ampton ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 on ! we/]n 
bank ( ! ,nott[ay ,riv] ?r\gh ! inn]    
coa/al pla9s 9 ,s\!rn ,virg9ia4 ,! site 
reveal$ rema9s dat+ to ! late sixte5? & 
e>ly sev5te5? c5tury ( ,iroquoian h\ses 
& a cemet]y conta9+ #acb graves surr\nd$
 by a /ockade ) rema9s :i* 7 remov$ &   
are pres5tly /or$ at ! ,smi?sonian      
,national ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 !
 ,di/rict ( ,columbia4  7#cc7 #aihj3 ,an
 article 9 ! ,tidewat] ,news describ$ t 
z late z ! #aibj's ,nott[ay ,indians _h 
ga!r$ on ! ,kello f>m1 a portion ( ! old
 ,nott[ay ,res]vation1 = c]emonial &    
cultural ga!r+s4  7#cd7 #bjjd3 ,citiz5  
memb]s ( ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (    
,virg9ia p>ticipat$ 9 ! op5+ celebration
 ( ! ,national ,museum ( ! ,am]ican     
,indian4  7#ce7 #bjjf3 ,family gr\ps (  
,nott[ay f ?r\gh\t ! ,tidewat] region   
ga!r$ = ,tribal reorganization4 ,!      
,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia      
,incorporat$ 0 e/abli%$ & /ructur$      
accord+ to hi/oric ,iroquoian democratic

 pr9ciples ( gov]nance pr9ciples1       
includ+ a preem95t ,tribal ,c\ncil &    
c]emonial ,*iefs4 ,*ief ,lynette ,lewis 
,all/on 0 *os5 z *ief & has consi/5tly  
l$ ! ,tribe to develop community outrea*
 ?r\gh cultural engagem5ts1 educational 
collaborations1 & environm5tal projects1
 respect+ hi/orically ,nott[ay l&s 9    
,virg9ia4  7#cf7 #bjjf ,octob]3 ,!      
,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia      
submitt$ a detail$ petition to !        
,virg9ia ,c\ncil on ,indians 7,,vci71 a 
/atutorily e/abli%$ advisory body on    
,native ,am]ican affairs4 ,! petition   
reque/$ tribal recognition ( ! ,nott[ay 
,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia by !          
,commonweal? ( ,virg9ia & includ$ t5    
,nott[ay family desc5dant               
l9es_/g5ealogies1 exam9$ & corroborat$  
by public records4 ,! ,,vci ,recognition
 ,committee exam9$ ! records & det]m9$ t
 ea* family l9e 0 compris$ ( ,nott[ay   
desc5dants4 ,subsequ5tly1 ! ,,vci       
,recognition ,committee deem$ ! ,nott[ay
 ,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia1 ,incorporat$

 to be a hi/oric ,virg9ia tribe4  7#cg7 
#bjjg3 ,! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (     
,virg9ia has consi/5tly l$ community    
outrea* ?r\gh cultural engagem5ts1      
educational collaborations1 &           
environm5tal projects1 respect+         
hi/orically ,nott[ay l&s 9 ,virg9ia4 ,at
 ! invitation ( ! ,surry ,c\nty ,bo>d ( 
,sup]visors1 ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (
 ,virg9ia1 e/abli%$ ! tradition ( hold+ 
an annual p[w[ 9 ,surry ,c\nty1         
,virg9ia4 ,! p[w[s include int]tribal   
drums & danc+1 /orytell+1 educational   
displays1 arts & crafts1 ,native        
,am]ican cook+1 z well z hi/orical &    
public s]vice in=mation4  7#ch7 ,june   
#c1 #bjjh3 ,! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe ( 
,virg9ia e/abli%$ ! ,virg9ia ,nott[ay   
,indian ,circle & ,squ>e ,f\ndation1    
,incorporat$1 a ,,irs #eja7;c77#c7      
non-pr(it entity ) a mission to pres]ve 
& p]petuate ! ideas1 culture1 &         
traditions ( ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (
 ,virg9ia4  7#ci7 #bjjh3 ,nott[ay ,asphy
 ,sidney ,turn] 0 appo9t$ to ! ,virg9ia 

,c\ncil on ,indians ,advisory           
,committee4  7#dj7 #bjji3 ,! ,national  
,p>k ,s]vice1 9 conjunction ) ,hi/oric  
,jame/[ne1 commission$ hi/orical arti/  
,kei? ,rocco to create an oil pa9t+1    
,jame/[n 9 ! #afij's--,*ang+ ,times1    
depict+ ! ,nott[ay ,tribe mak+ its      
annual tribute to ! ,royal ,gov]nor (   
,virg9ia 9 #afia4  7#da7 #bjaj3 ,!      
,virg9ia ,g5]al ,assembly grant$ /ate   
recognition to ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe
 ( ,virg9ia ,incorporat$1 includ+ !     
repres5tation ( ! ,nott[ay ,indian      
,tribe on ! ,virg9ia ,c\ncil ( ,indians4
  7#db7 #bjab3 ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (
 ,virg9ia e/abli%$ & op5$ ! ,nott[ay    
,community ,h\se & ,int]pretive ,c5t] 9 
,capron1 ,virg9ia1 :i* (f]s a d$icat$   
space = tribal gov]nance1 z well z      
community engagem5t & educational       
programm+ su* z demon/rations (         
traditional crafts & classes on bead+1  
flute mak+1 & quilt+4  7#dc7 #bjbj3 ,!  
,iroquoian site ( ! ,millie ,woodson    
,turn] ,home ,site 0 designat$ a hi/oric

 l&m>k & includ$ 9 ! ,virg9ia ,l&m>ks   
,regi/] bas$ ^u its hi/orical           
significance & connection to ! cont9u\s 
pres5ce ( ! ,nott[ays 9 ,virg9ia4       
,desc5dants ( ,mille ,woodson ,turn] are
 memb]s ( ! ,nott[ay ,indian ,tribe (   
,virg9ia4  7#dd7 #bjba3 ,! ,millie      
,woodson ,turn] ,home ,site 0 approv$ by
 ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice = designation 
z a national hi/oric l&m>k1 to be       
includ$ 9 ! ,national ,regi/] ( ,hi/oric
 ,places4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 
7#a7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior4  7#b7 ,tribal   
memb] ,! t]m ,tribal memb] means--  7,a7
 an individual :o is an enroll$ memb] ( 
! ,tribe z ( ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is  
,act2 &  7,b7 an individual :o has be5  
plac$ on ! memb]%ip rolls ( ! ,tribe 9  
accordance ) ?is ,act4  7#c7 ,tribe ,!  
t]m ,tribe means ! ,nott[ay ,indian     
,tribe ( ,virg9ia1 ,incorporat$4  #d4   
,f$]al recognition  7a7 ,f$]al          
recognition  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,f$]al       
recognition is ext5d$ to ! ,tribe4  7#b7

 ,applicability ( laws ,all laws        
7includ+ regulations7 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
( g5]al applicability to ,indians or    
nations1 ,indian ,tribes1 or b&s (      
,indians 7includ+ ! ,act ( ,june #ah1   
#aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #eaja771 t are n   
inconsi/5t ) ?is ,act %all be applicable
 to ! ,tribe & ,tribal memb]s4  7b7     
,f$]al s]vices & b5efits  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,on & aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is    
,act1 ! ,tribe & ,tribal memb]s %all be 
eligible = all s]vices & b5efits provid$
 by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to f$]ally       
recogniz$ ,indian ,tribes )\t reg>d to !
 exi/5ce ( a res]vation = ! ,tribe4     
7#b7 ,s]vice area ,= ! purpose ( !      
deliv]y ( ,f$]al s]vices to ,tribal     
memb]s1 ! s]vice area ( ! ,tribe %all be
 consid]$ to be ! area compris$ ( !     
c\nties ( ,nott[ay1 ,s\?ampton1 ,sussex1
 ,surry1 ,isle ( ,wight1 ,frankl91 &    
,d9widdie 9 ,virg9ia4  #e4 ,memb]%ip2   
gov]n+ docum5ts ,! memb]%ip roll &      
gov]n+ docum5ts ( ! ,tribe %all be ! mo/
 rec5t memb]%ip roll & gov]n+ docum5ts1 

respectively1 submitt$ by ! ,tribe to ! 
,secret>y be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act4  #f4 ,gov]n+ body ,! gov]n+ body 
( ! ,tribe %all be-- 7#a7 ! gov]n+ body 
( ! ,tribe 9 place z ( ! date ( !       
enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 or  7#b7 any       
subsequ5t gov]n+ body elect$ 9          
accordance ) ! election proc$ures       
specifi$ 9 ! gov]n+ docum5ts ( ! ,tribe4
  #g4 ,res]vation ( ! ,tribe  7a7 ,9    
g5]al ,^u ! reque/ ( ! ,tribe1 !        
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior--  7#a7 %all take
 into tru/ = ! b5efit ( ! ,tribe any l& 
held 9 fee by ! ,tribe t 0 acquir$ by ! 
,tribe on or be=e ,janu>y #a1 #bjbb1 if 
su* l&s are locat$ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( !    
c\nties ( ,s\?ampton1 ,sussex1 ,surry1  
,isle ( ,wight1 ,nott[ay1 & ,d9widdie 9 
,virg9ia2 &  7#b7 may take into tru/ = !
 b5efit ( ! ,tribe any l& held 9 fee by 
! ,tribe1 if su* l&s are locat$ )9 !    
b\nd>ies ( ! c\nties ( ,s\?ampton1      
,sussex1 ,surry1 ,isle ( ,wight1        
,nott[ay1 & ,d9widdie 9 ,virg9ia4  7b7  
,res]vation /atus ,any l& tak5 into tru/

 = ! b5efit ( ! ,tribe pursuant to      
subsection 7a77#a7 %all1 ^u reque/ ( !  
,tribe1 be consid]$ "p ( ! res]vation ( 
! ,tribe4  7c7 ,deadl9e = det]m9ation ,!
 ,secret>y %all make a f9al writt5      
det]m9ation n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] !   
date on :i* ! ,tribe submits a reque/ = 
l& to be tak5 into tru/ "u subsection   
7a77#b7 & %all imm$iately make t        
det]m9ation available to ! ,tribe4  #h4 
,gam+ ,! ,tribe may n conduct gam+      
activities z a matt] ( claim$ inh]5t    
au?ority or "u ! au?ority ( any ,f$]al  
law1 includ+ ! ,indian ,gam+ ,regulatory
 ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or  
"u any regulations !reund] promulgat$ by
 ! ,secret>y or ! ,national ,indian     
,gam+ ,commission4  #i4 ,hunt+1 fi%+1   
trapp+1 ga!r+1 & wat] rights ,no?+ 9 ?is
 ,act exp&s1 r$uces1 or affects 9 any   
mann] any hunt+1 fi%+1 trapp+1 ga!r+1 or
 wat] rights ( ! ,tribe & memb]s ( !    
,tribe4  #aj4 ,indian ,*ild ,welf>e ,act
 ( #aigh ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act affects !     
application ( section #aji ( ! ,indian  

,*ild ,welf>e ,act ( #aigh 7#be         
,u4,s4,c4 #aiai74