#aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 ,r4 
#dggf  ,,an ,,act  ,to am5d ! ,national 
,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi to   
cl>ify ambigu\s provisions & facilitate 
a m effici5t1 effective1 & timely       
environm5tal review process4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,/&>diz+
 ,p]mitt+ & ,exp$it+ ,economic          
,developm5t ,act or ! ,,spe$ ,act4  #b4 
,,nepa re=m  7a7 ,purpose ,section #b ( 
! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act (
 #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcba7 is am5d$-- 
7#a7 by /rik+ ,! purposes & ins]t+ 7a7  
,! purposes2 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7b7 ,?is ,act is a purely      
proc$ural /atute int5d$ to ensure ,f$]al
 ag5cies consid] ! environm5tal impacts 
( _! actions dur+ ! decisionmak+        
process4 ,?is ,act does n m&ate p>ticul>
 results1 & only prescribes a process4  
,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be con/ru$ to     
m&ate any specific environm5tal outcome 
or result1 nor %all ?is ,act be         
int]pret$ to conf] sub/antive rights or 
impose sub/antive duties beyond         

proc$ural requirem5ts4  4  7b7 ,proc$ure
 = det]m9ation ( level ( review ,section
 #ajf ( ! ,national ,environm5tal       
,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     
#dccf7 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 ! head+1 by   
ins]t+ 2 scope ( review aft] level (    
review2  7#b7 9 subsection 7a7--  7,a7 9
 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ or2  7,b7 9    
p>agraph 7#d71 by /rik+ action4 & ins]t+
 action22 &  7,c7 by add+ at ! end !    
foll[+3  7#e7 ! ag5cy det]m9es ! propos$
 ag5cy action is an action = :i* su*    
ag5cy's compliance ) ano!r /atute's     
requirem5ts s]ves ! function ( ag5cy    
compliance ) ?is ,act ) respect to su*  
action2 or  7#f7 ! propos$ ag5cy action 
relates to a project or action t has    
already be5 review$ pursuant to a ,/ate 
environm5tal review /atute or a ,tribal 
environm5tal review /atute1 ord9ance1   
resolution1 regulation1 or =mally adopt$
 policy & ! lead ag5cy det]m9es su*     
review s]ves ! function ( ag5cy         
compliance ) ?is ,act4  2  7#c7 9       
subsection 7b7--  7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 

by /rik+ does n & ins]t+ is n likely to2
 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by am5d+      
subp>agraph 7,b7 to read z foll[s3  7,b7
 is n requir$ to-- 7i7 und]take new     
sci5tific or te*nical rese>* unless !   
new sci5tific or te*nical rese>* is     
ess5tial to a reason$ *oice among       
alt]natives1 & ! ov]all co/s & "t frame 
( obta9+ x are n unreasonable2 or  7ii7 
und]take new sci5tific or te*nical      
rese>* aft] ! receipt ( an application1 
z applicable1 ) respect to a propos$    
ag5cy action4  2 &  7#d7 by add+ at !   
end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,scope ( review ,9   
prep>+ an environm5tal docum5t = a      
propos$ ag5cy action1 a ,f$]al ag5cy--  
7#a7 may consid] only ^? effects t %>e a
 reasonably close causal relation%ip to1
 & are proximately caus$ by1 ! imm$iate 
project or action "u consid]ation2 &    
7#b7 may n consid] effects t are        
speculative1 att5uat$ f ! project or    
action1 sep>ate 9 "t or place f !       
project or action1 or 9 relation to     
sep>ate exi/+ or pot5tial future        

projects or actions4  7d7 ,c]ta9ty  7#a7
 ,environm5tal docum5ts ,a ,f$]al ag5cy 
may n resc9d1 )draw1 am5d1 alt]1 or     
o!rwise r5d] ineffective any            
environm5tal docum5t complet$ "u ?is    
,act = a project or action :]e !re is an
 applicant unless ! ,f$]al ag5cy has be5
 s ord]$ by a c\rt or ! applicant has   
agre$ 9 writ+ to su* rescission1        
)drawal1 am5dm5t1 or alt]ation4  7#b7   
,au?orizations  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z 
provid$ 9 ?is subsection or exi/+ law1 a
 ,f$]al ag5cy may n revoke1 resc9d1     
)draw1 t]m9ate1 susp5d1 am5d1 alt]1 or  
take any o!r action to int]f]e ) an     
au?orization unless-- 7i7 ! ,f$]al ag5cy
 is requir$ to take su* action by ord] (
 a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction2  7ii7 !
 hold] ( ! au?orization has mat]ially   
brea*$ ! t]ms ( ! au?orization1 or      
o!rwise violat$ applicable law2  7iii7 !
 au?orization 0 obta9$ ?r\gh fraud1     
int5tional concealm5t1 or mat]ial       
misrepres5tation2  7iv7 su* action is   
necess>y to prev5t specific1 imm$iate1  

sub/antial1 & proximate h>m or damage to
 life1 prop]ty1 national security1 or   
def5se t 0 n consid]$ 9 ! und]ly+       
environm5tal review process or f9al     
ag5cy action = ! au?orization2 or  7v7 !
 ,f$]al ag5cy has receiv$ a reque/ f !  
hold] ( ! au?orization or project       
sponsor to take su* action4  7,b7       
,requirem5t ,! actions describ$ 9       
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all be1 z appropriate 
& :]e feasible1 support$ by cle> &      
conv9c+ evid5ce & reasonably limit$ 9   
duration & scope by ! ag5cy to address !
 specific issue su* action is int5d$ to 
address4  7,c7 ,notice ,be=e an ag5cy   
takes an action describ$ 9 subp>agraph  
7,a71 ! ag5cy %all notify ! hold] ( !   
au?orization & ! project sponsor 9 writ+
 ( su* action1 includ+ by provid+ a     
detail$ explanation ( ! action1 id5tify+
 ! /atutory au?ority reli$ ^u = !       
action1 & provid+ ! evid5ce support+ !  
action4  7,d7 ,judicial review  7i7 ,9  
g5]al ,an action describ$ 9 subp>agraph 
7,a7 %all be subject to judicial review 

"u *apt] #g ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code4  7ii7 ,v5ue ,a p]son seek+       
judicial review ( an action describ$ 9  
subp>agraph 7,a7 may only obta9 review (
 su* action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt (    
appeals = any circuit :]e9 ! project =  
:i* ! au?orization 0 issu$ is locat$4   
7iii7 ,petitions by ,f$]al ag5cies ,no  
,f$]al ag5cy may petition a c\rt =      
vacatur or volunt>y rem& ( an           
au?orization unless ! hold] ( !         
au?orization or ! project sponsor       
cons5ts 9 writ+ to su* a petition4  7,e7
 ,sav+s clause ,no?+ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 
%all be con/ru$ to provide any ,f$]al   
ag5cy new1 enhanc$1 or exp&$ au?ority1  
or to limit any exi/+ au?ority1 conc]n+ 
any au?orization4  7e7 ,presumption (   
negative impacts ( tak+ no action relat+
 to tribal tru/ res\rces ,= any propos$ 
ag5cy action c>ri$ out on1 or directly  
affect+1 tribal tru/ res\rces 7includ+  
l&s & m9]als7 t is initiat$ by ! f$]ally
 recogniz$ ,indian ,tribe = :i* ! ,unit$
 ,/ates holds ! affect$ res\rces 9 tru/1

 & = :i* an environm5tal docum5t 0      
prep>$ t includ$ consid]ation ( a no    
action alt]native1 !re %all be a        
presumption t ! effects ( tak+ no action
 w be negative = ! f$]ally recogniz$    
,indian ,tribe4  7f7 ,effect ( ?re%old  
det]m9ations on o!r ag5cies ,if a lead  
ag5cy det]m9es an environm5tal docum5t  
is n requir$ to be prep>$ ) respect to a
 propos$ ag5cy action "u subsection 7a71
 ano!r ag5cy may n prep>e an            
environm5tal docum5t ) respect to su*   
propos$ ag5cy action4  4  7c7 ,timely & 
unifi$ ,f$]al reviews  7#a7 ,lead ,ag5cy
 ,section #ajg7;a7 ( ! ,national        
,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;a7a77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 
p>agraph 7#b7--  7i7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71
 by /rik+ at ! e>lie/ practicable "t &  
ins]t+ 9 accordance ) subsection        
7g77#b72  7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,d71 by   
/rik+ c>ry out ! propos$ ag5cy action & 
ins]t+ c>ry out ! propos$ ag5cy action 9
 compliance ) ! deadl9es outl9$ 9       
subsection 7g72 &  7iii7 9 subp>agraph  

7,e7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ a review & ins]t+  
an environm5tal review2 &  7,,ii7 by    
/rik+ su* review & ins]t+ su*           
environm5tal review2 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph 
7#c7--  7i7 by ins]t+ 7includ+ c\nties1 
bor\ghs1 p>i%es1 & o!r political        
subdivisions ( a ,/ate7 aft] local      
ag5cy2 &  7ii7 by add+ at ! end ,su*    
comm5ts f ,f$]al coop]at+ ag5cies %all  
be limit$ to matt]s relat+ to ! propos$ 
ag5cy action ) respect to :i* su* ,f$]al
 coop]at+ ag5cy has jurisdiction by     
law44  7#b7 ,"o docum5t ,section        
#ajg7;b7 ( ! ,national ,environm5tal    
,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     
#dccf;a7b77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,to
 ! ext5t practicable1 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3
  7#a7 ,docum5t ,to ! ext5t practicable1
  2 &  7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  
7#b7 ,consid]ation tim+  7,a7 ,9 g5]al  
,9 prep>+ an environm5tal docum5t = a   
propos$ ag5cy action1 no ,f$]al ag5cy   
%all be requir$ to consid] any sci5tific
 or te*nical rese>* t becomes publicly  
available aft] ! e>li] (1 z applicable--

 7i7 ! date ( receipt ( an application )
 respect to su* propos$ ag5cy action2 & 
7ii7 ! date ( publication ( a notice (  
int5t or decision to prep>e su*         
environm5tal docum5t = su* propos$ ag5cy
 action4  7,b7 ,applicability to o!r law
 ,?is p>agraph does n affect any review 
( in=mation requir$ "u sub*apt] ,,ii (  
*apt] #e ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates      
,code1 ) respect to comm5ts receiv$ dur+
 ! public comm5t p]iod z applicable4    
7,c7 ,delay ,a ,f$]al ag5cy may n delay 
! issuance ( an environm5tal docum5t or 
a f9al ag5cy action1 includ+ any        
decision or det]m9ation1 on ! basis (   
await+ new sci5tific or te*nical rese>* 
or in=mation t 0 n available z ( ! e>li]
 ( ! dates describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74 
4  7#c7 ,/atem5t ( ,purpose & ,ne$      
,section #ajg7;d7 ( ! ,national         
,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;a7d77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 
action4 & ins]t+ action4 ,:]e           
applicable1 ! /atem5t ( purpose & ne$   
%all meet ! goals ( ! applicant44  7#d7 

,deadl9es ,section #ajg7;g7 ( !         
,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act (  
#aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;a7g77 is     
am5d$-- 7,a7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs    
7#a71 7#b71 & 7#c7 z p>agraphs 7#c71    
7#e71 & 7#f71 respectively2  7,b7 by    
ins]t+ be=e p>agraph 7#c7 7z s          
r$esignat$7 ! foll[+3  7#a7             
,applications = au?orizations  7,a7     
,notification ( complete or incomplete  
application ,unless a %ort] deadl9e is  
specifi$ by law1 9 connection ) a       
propos$ ag5cy action = :i* an applicant 
submitt$ an application = an            
au?orization to an ag5cy1 n lat] ?an #fj
 days aft] ! date on :i* ! applicant    
submits ! application to ! ag5cy1 !     
ag5cy %all docum5t ! receipt ( !        
application &--  7i7 notify ! applicant 
t ! application is complete2 or  7ii7   
notify ! applicant t ! application is   
incomplete & reque/ 9 writ+ any         
additional in=mation t ! ag5cy ne$s to  
det]m9e t ! application is complete &   
beg9 prep>ation ( an environm5tal       

docum5t4  7,b7 ,ag5cy det]m9ation  7i7  
,complete det]m9ation ,if an ag5cy      
det]m9es an application is complete "u  
subp>agraph 7,a77i71 ! ag5cy %all1 n    
lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date on :i* !  
ag5cy makes su* det]m9ation-- 7,i7      
notify ! applicant t ! ag5cy has det]m9$
 t ! propos$ ag5cy action is exclud$    
pursuant to "o ( ! ag5cy's categorical  
exclusions1 is n a major ,f$]al action1 
or t no fur!r ag5cy action is requir$2  
7,,ii7 issue a notice ( int5t to prep>e 
an environm5tal impact /atem5t = su*    
propos$ ag5cy action2 or  7,,iii7 notify
 ! applicant t ! ag5cy has det]m9$ t    
prep>ation ( an environm5tal assessm5t  
is necess>y4  7ii7 ,incomplete          
det]m9ation ,if ! ag5cy reque/s         
additional in=mation "u subp>agraph     
7,a77ii71 ! deadl9e describ$ 9 clause   
7i7 %all be bas$ on ! date on :i* !     
ag5cy receives ! additional in=mation   
in/ead ( ! date on :i* ! det]m9ation is 
made4  7#b7 ,coop]at+ ag5cies  7,a7 ,9  
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ba days aft] a lead  

ag5cy issues a notice ( int5t "u        
p>agraph 7#a77;,b77i77,,ii7 or notifies 
an applicant "u p>agraph                
7#a77;,b77i77,,iii7 ) respect to a      
propos$ ag5cy action1 ! lead ag5cy      
%all--  7i7 id5tify all ag5cies t are   
likely to h environm5tal review1        
au?orization1 or o!r responsibilities ) 
respect to ! propos$ ag5cy action2 &    
7ii7 invite ea* su* ag5cy to become a   
coop]at+ ag5cy4  7,b7 ,deadl9e to accept
 invitation ,n lat] ?an #ba days aft] an
 ag5cy receives an invitation to become 
a coop]at+ ag5cy "u subp>agraph         
7,a77ii71 su* ag5cy %all accept or d5y !
 invitation4  7,c7 ,conv5+ ( coop]at+   
ag5cies ,n lat] ?an #g days aft] !      
deadl9e describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 has 
pass$ = ea* ag5cy t receiv$ an          
invitation to become a coop]at+ ag5cy "u
 subp>agraph 7,a77ii71 ! lead ag5cy t   
s5t ea* su* invitation %all conv5e ea*  
ag5cy t accepts su* an invitation to    
coord9ate on develop+ ! s*$ule "u       
subsection 7a77#b77;,d7 = ! applicable  

propos$ ag5cy action4  7,d7 ,unid5tifi$ 
ag5cies ,9 ! ev5t t an ag5cy t has      
jurisdiction by law or special exp]tise 
) respect to any environm5tal impact    
involv$ 9 a propos$ ag5cy action is n   
id5tifi$ "u subp>agraph 7,a77i71 ! lead 
ag5cy ) respect to ! propos$ ag5cy      
action %all-- 7i7 invite su* unid5tifi$ 
ag5cy to become a coop]at+ ag5cy by n   
lat] ?an #g days aft] becom+ aw>e t !   
ag5cy has jurisdiction by law or special
 exp]tise2 &  7ii7 if su* ag5cy accepts 
! invitation1 incorporate su* ag5cy into
 ! s*$ule develop$ "u subsection        
7a77#b77;,d7 & update su* s*$ule        
accord+ly by n lat] ?an #ad days aft] ! 
date on :i* su* ag5cy accepts !         
invitation4  2  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#c7 7z 
s r$esignat$7--  7i7 by /rik+ ,9 g5]al &
 ins]t+ ,review timel9e2 &  7ii7 by     
/rik+ 7#b7 & ins]t+ 7#e72  7,d7 by      
ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 7z s          
r$esignat$7 ! foll[+3  7#d7 ,deadl9e =  
f9al ag5cy action ,= any propos$ ag5cy  
action = :i* an applicant submitt$ an   

application = an au?orization to an     
ag5cy1 n lat] ?an #cj days aft] complet+
 an environm5tal impact /atem5t or an   
environm5tal assessm5t = ! propos$ ag5cy
 action1 ! lead ag5cy1 & any coop]at+   
ag5cy1 %all issue a f9al ag5cy action4  
,! ag5cy issu+ su* f9al ag5cy action    
%all include 9 ! f9al ag5cy action a    
p]=mance s*$ule = ! completion ( any o!r
 out/&+ au?orizations4  2  7,e7 9       
p>agraph 7#e7 7z s r$esignat$7-- 7i7 by 
/rik+ ! deadl9e describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7
 & ins]t+ a deadl9e describ$ 9 ?is      
subsection2 &  7ii7 by /rik+ 1 9        
consultation ) ! applicant1 to & ins]t+ 
if ! applicant approves su* ext5sion4   
,if ! applicant approves su* ext5sion1 !
 lead ag5cy %all2  7,f7 9 p>agraph 7#f7 
7z s r$esignat$7--  7i7 by /rik+ ,a     
project sponsor may & ins]t+ ,except z  
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c71 a project   
sponsor may2 &  7ii7 by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7,c7 ,exception ,a project     
sponsor t approv$ an ext5sion ( a       
deadl9e "u p>agraph 7#e7 may n obta9    

judicial review ( a failure to act 9    
accordance ) su* deadl9e "u subp>agraph 
7,a7 unless ! lead ag5cy fails to meet !
 new deadl9e or is delay+ = reasons o!r 
?an ^? necess>y to complete its review4 
2 &  7,g7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3    
7#g7 ,concurr5t review ,9 c>ry+ out an  
environm5tal review1 ! lead ag5cy & ea* 
coop]at+ ag5cy %all c>ry out !          
obligations ( t ag5cy "u o!r applicable 
laws concurr5tly1 & 9 conjunction1 ) o!r
 requir$ reviews = ! propos$ ag5cy      
action1 pursuant to ! requirem5ts (     
applicable law1 includ+1 if applicable1 
"u ?is ,act4  4  7d7 ,programmatic      
environm5tal docum5ts ,section #ajh ( ! 
,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act (  
#aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;b7 is am5d$--
  7#a7 by /rik+ ,:5 an ag5cy prep>es &  
ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7a7 ,programmatic     
environm5tal docum5ts ,:5 an ag5cy      
prep>es  2  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by    
/rik+ #e & ins]t+ #aj2  7#c7 9 p>agraph 
7#b71 by /rik+ #e & ins]t+ #aj2 &  7#d7 
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7b7         

,reliance on previ\sly complet$         
environm5tal reviews  7#a7 ,actions t   
are sub/antially ! same ,a lead ag5cy   
may satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act )  
respect to a major ,f$]al action by     
rely+ on an environm5tal assessm5t1     
environm5tal impact /atem5t1 or a       
categorical exclusion det]m9ation t !   
lead ag5cy1 ano!r ,f$]al ag5cy1 or a    
project sponsor "u ! sup]vision ( a     
,f$]al ag5cy complet$ = ano!r major     
,f$]al action if ! lead ag5cy det]m9es  
t--  7,a7 ! new major ,f$]al action is  
sub/antially ! same z ! o!r major ,f$]al
 action or1 if applicable1 an alt]native
 analyz$ 9 su* environm5tal assessm5t or
 environm5tal impact /atem5t2 &  7,b7 if
 applicable1 ! effects ( ! new major    
,f$]al action are sub/antially ! same z 
! effects analyz$ 9 su* environm5tal    
assessm5t or environm5tal impact        
/atem5t4  7#b7 ,actions t are n         
sub/antially ! same ,if a new major     
,f$]al action is n sub/antially ! same z
 ano!r major ,f$]al action or an        

alt]native analyz$ 9 an environm5tal    
assessm5t or environm5tal impact /atem5t
 complet$ by ! lead ag5cy1 ano!r ,f$]al 
ag5cy1 or a project sponsor "u !        
sup]vision ( a ,f$]al ag5cy1 ! lead     
ag5cy may modify or augm5t any su*      
previ\sly complet$ environm5tal         
assessm5t or environm5tal impact /atem5t
 z necess>y to satisfy ! requirem5ts (  
?is ,act ) respect to ! new major ,f$]al
 action4 ,! lead ag5cy %all make su*    
modifi$ environm5tal assessm5t or       
environm5tal impact /atem5t publicly    
available z a new environm5tal assessm5t
 or environm5tal impact /atem5t4  4  7e7
 ,adoption ( categorical exclusions     
,section #aji ( ! ,national             
,environm5tal ,policy ,act ( #aifi 7#db 
,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;c7 is am5d$ 9 ! text    
prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by ins]t+ 1 or t 0
 legislatively enact$ by ,congress1 aft]
 proc$ures4  7f7 ,def9itions ,section   
#aaa ( ! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy
 ,act ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dccf;e7 is
 am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs   

7#a7 ?r\gh 7#ac7 z p>agraphs 7#b7 ?r\gh 
7#ad71 respectively2  7#b7 by ins]t+    
be=e p>agraph 7#b7 7z s r$esignat$7 !   
foll[+3  7#a7 ,au?orization ,! t]m      
au?orization means any lease1 "r-(-way1 
easem5t1 lic5se1 p]mit1 approval1 f9d+1 
det]m9ation1 or o!r adm9i/rative        
decision issu$ by an ag5cy or any       
int]ag5cy consultation t is requir$ or  
au?oriz$ "u ,f$]al law 9 ord] to        
con/ruct1 modify1 or op]ate a project4  
2  7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#b7 7z s            
r$esignat$71 by ins]t+ 1 or ,congress   
deems by /atute1 aft] ,f$]al ag5cy has  
det]m9$2  7#d7 9 p>agraph 7#aa7 7z s    
r$esignat$7--  7,a7 9 subp>agraph 7,b7--
 7i7 9 clause 7iii7--  7,i7 by ins]t+   
grants 7includ+ capitalization grants71 
co/ %>e aw>ds1 aft] loan gu>antees12    
7,,ii7 by /rik+ suffici5t & ins]t+      
complete2 &  7,,iii7 by /rik+ subsequ5t 
use ( su* f9ancial assi/ance or !2  7ii7
 by r$esignat+ clauses 7iv7 ?r\gh 7vii7 
z clauses 7vi7 ?r\gh 7ix71 respectively2
 &  7iii7 by ins]t+ aft] clause 7iii7 ! 

foll[+3  7iv7 f>m own]%ip loans & op]at+
 loan gu>antees by ! ,f>m ,s]vice ,ag5cy
 pursuant to sections #cje & #caa ?r\gh 
#cai ( ! ,consolidat$ ,f>m & ,rural     
,developm5t ,act2  7v7 ! issuance ( an  
au?orization by an ag5cy :]e ! effects (
 ! action or project be+ p]mitt$ or     
au?oriz$ 7 previ\sly evaluat$ by ano!r  
ag5cy 9 compliance ) ?is ,act2  2 &     
7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7,c7   
,additional exclusions ,an ag5cy action 
may n be det]m9$ to be a major ,f$]al   
action solely on ! basis ( ! provision (
 ,f$]al funds1 includ+ a grant1 loan1   
loan gu>antee1 & fund+ assi/ance4  2 &  
7#e7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#ae7  
,reasonably =eseeable ,! t]m reasonably 
=eseeable1 ) respect to environm5tal    
effects ( a propos$ ag5cy action-- 7,a7 
means effects t %>e a reasonably close  
causal relation%ip to1 & are proximately
 caus$ by1 ! imm$iate project or action 
"u consid]ation2 &  7,b7 does n include 
effects t are-- 7i7 speculative2  7ii7  
att5uat$ f ! propos$ ag5cy action2      

7iii7 sep>ate 9 "t or place f ! propos$ 
ag5cy action2 or  7iv7 9 relation to    
sep>ate exi/+ or pot5tial future        
projects4  4  7g7 ,duties ,section #bjd 
( ! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act
 ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcdd7 is am5d$ 
9 p>agraph 7#d7 by ins]t+ en]gy1 aft]   
heal?14  #c4 ,judicial review ,title ,i 
( ! ,national ,environm5tal ,policy ,act
 ( #aifi 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #dcca et seq47  
is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+ section   
#aab z section #aaj;,a & mov+ su*       
section s z to appe> aft] section #aaj2 
&  7#b7 by ins]t+ be=e section #aaa !   
foll[+3  #aaj;,b4 ,judicial review  7a7 
,role ( ! c\rt ,9 review+ a claim ( :e!r
 a f9al ag5cy action complies ) !       
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 a c\rt--  7#a7  
%all af=d sub/antial def]5ce to ! ag5cy2
 &  7#b7 may n sub/itute its judgm5t = t
 ( ! ag5cy reg>d+ ! environm5tal effects
 includ$ 9 ! f9al ag5cy action or       
includ$ 9 ! environm5tal docum5t4  7b7  
,rem&  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,if a c\rt holds1  
"u section #gjf7b77;,a7 ( title #e1     

,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 t a f9al ag5cy     
action does n comply ) ! requirem5ts (  
?is ,act1 ! only rem$y ! c\rt may ord]1 
not)/&+ *apt] #g ( title #e1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 is to rem&1 )\t vacatur or
 injunction1 ! f9al ag5cy action to !   
ag5cy )-- 7,a7 specific in/ruction to   
correct ! errors or defici5cies f\nd by 
! c\rt2 &  7,b7 a reasonable s*$ule &   
deadl9e to correct su* errors or        
defici5cies1 :i* su* deadl9e may n      
exce$-- 7i7 ) reg>d to an ord] ent]$ on 
or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1
 ! date t is #ahj days aft] ! date on   
:i* ! ord] 0 ent]$2 &  7ii7 ) reg>d to  
an ord] ent]$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is section1 ! date t is #ahj days aft] 
! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section4  7#b7  
,cont9u$ effect ( f9al ag5cy action ,a  
f9al ag5cy action rem&$ "u p>agraph 7#a7
 %all rema9 9 effect :ile ! ,f$]al ag5cy
 corrects any errors or defici5cies f\nd
 by ! c\rt4  7c7 ,limitations on claims 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r provision
 ( law 7except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph  

7,a7 ) respect to a %ort] deadl9e71 a   
claim describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 %all be 
b>r$ unless-- 7,a7 su* claim is fil$ n  
lat] ?an #aej days aft] ! f9al ag5cy    
action is made public1 unless a %ort]   
deadl9e is specifi$ "u law2  7,b7 9 !   
case ( a f9al ag5cy action = :i* !re 0 a
 public comm5t p]iod on an environm5tal 
docum5t1 su* claim-- 7i7 is fil$ by a   
p>ty t submitt$ a sub/antive & unique   
comm5t dur+ su* public comm5t p]iod by !
 notic$ comm5t deadl9e = ! environm5tal 
docum5t & su* comm5t 0 suffici5tly      
detail$ to put ! applicable ,f$]al ag5cy
 on notice ( ! issue ^u :i* ! p>ty seeks
 review2 &  7ii7 conc]ns ! same subject 
matt] rais$ 9 ! comm5t submitt$ dur+ !  
public comm5t p]iod2  7,c7 su* claim is 
fil$ by a p>ty t has suff]$ or imm95tly 
w suff] direct h>m f ! f9al ag5cy       
action2 &  7,d7 su* claim does n *all5ge
 ! e/abli%m5t ( a categorical exclusion4
  7#b7 ,supplem5tal environm5tal        
docum5ts ,if an ag5cy issues a          
supplem5tal environm5tal docum5t 9      

response to a c\rt ord] rem&+ a f9al    
ag5cy action1 ! deadl9e describ$ 9      
p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 %all be ! date on :i*
 ! ag5cy makes public ! ag5cy action =  
:i* ! supplem5tal environm5tal docum5t  
is prep>$4 ,a claim = review ( su* f9al 
ag5cy action %all be limit$ to in=mation
 conta9$ 9 ! f9al supplem5tal           
environm5tal docum5t t 0 n conta9$ 9 a  
previ\s environm5tal docum5t = ! f9al   
ag5cy action4  7#c7 ,actions = use (    
tribal tru/ res\rces ,= any f9al ag5cy  
action t au?orizes or affects ! use (   
l&s1 m9]als1 or o!r res\rces already    
held 9 tru/ at ! "t ( ! f9al ag5cy      
action by ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! b5efit ( a
 f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian ,tribe-- 7,a7
 except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71   
!re %all be no adm9i/rative or judicial 
review ( su* f9al ag5cy action bas$ on a
 claim ( failure to comply ) !          
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act2 &  7,b7         
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all n apply to actions
 = adm9i/rative or judicial review-- 7i7
 br\ght by ! f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian  

,tribe = :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates holds !    
l&s1 m9]als1 or o!r res\rces 9 tru/2 or 
7ii7 t involve reasonably =eseeable     
effects ( ! f9al ag5cy action t occur   
outside ! l&s1 m9]als1 or o!r res\rces  
held 9 tru/ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates = !      
b5efit ( a f$]ally recogniz$ ,indian    
,tribe4  7d7 ,deadl9e = resolution  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,a c\rt %all issue a f9al     
judgm5t on a claim describ$ 9 subsection
 7a7--  7,a7 z exp$iti\sly z            
practicable2 &  7,b7 unless a %ort]     
deadl9e is specifi$ "u ,f$]al law1 n    
lat] ?an ! date t is #ahj days aft] !   
date on :i* ! ag5cy record = ! review is
 fil$ ) ! review+ c\rt1 :i* %all n be m 
?an #fj days aft] ! fil+ ( ! claim4     
7#b7 ,accel]at$ deadl9es ,no?+ 9 ?is    
subsection may be con/ru$ to prev5t a   
c\rt f fur!r exp$it+ review ( a claim   
describ$ 9 subsection 7a74  7#c7        
,appeals  7,a7 ,fil+ ,a notice ( appeal 
( a f9al judgm5t describ$ 9 ?is         
subsection %all be fil$ n lat] ?an #fj  
days aft] su* f9al judgm5t is issu$4 ,9 

! case ( a f9al ag5cy action rem&$ "u   
subsection 7b71 ! ag5cy &1 if           
applicable1 ! applicant1 %all h ! "r to 
appeal dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! rem&4  7,b7    
,deadl9e = review ,a c\rt %all issue a  
f9al decision on an appeal fil$ "u      
subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 z exp$iti\sly z  
practicable2 &  7ii7 n lat] ?an ! date t
 is #ahj days aft] ! date on :i* !      
appeal is fil$4  7e7 ,no effect on      
review ( compliance ) o!r deadl9es ,?is 
section %all n affect ! "r to obta9     
review "u section #ajg7;g77#c74  4  #d4 
,pres]vation ( ongo+ adm9i/rative       
corrections ,?is ,act1 & ! am5dm5ts made
 by ?is ,act1 %all n apply to any ag5cy 
action ) respect to :i* a ,f$]al ag5cy  
has1 dur+ ! p]iod beg9n+ on ,janu>y #bj1
 #bjbe1 & end+ on ! date ( enactm5t (   
?is ,act-- 7#a7 fil$ a motion to        
volunt>ily rem&2 or  7#b7 o!rwise       
reop5$1 reconsid]$1 or initiat$         
corrective action "u ! /atutory au?ority
 ( ! ,f$]al ag5cy1 reg>dless ( :e!r !   
,f$]al ag5cy has complet$ su* corrective

 action z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is     
,act4  ,pass$ ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 
,decemb] #ah1 #bjbe4;,cl]k4