,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #dgej  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,july #bc1 #bjbe,mr4  
,v9dman 7= himself & ,mr4 ,wittman7     
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,natural ,res\rces  ,a 
,,bill  ,to ext5d ,f$]al recognition to 
! ,patawomeck ,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia1
 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is
 ,act may be cit$ z ! ,patawomeck       
,indian ,tribe ( ,virg9ia ,f$]al        
,recognition ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress
 f9ds z foll[s3 7#a7 ,! ,patawomeck1 or 
,patawomeke1 ,tribe1 also ref]r$ to z ! 
,potomac ,tribe1 ,potomac ,b&1          
,patamacks1 & ,:ite ,oak]s 0 situat$ 9 &
 ar\nd ,indian ,po9t & ,pasapatanzy 9   
:at are n[ ,/af=d & ,k+ ,george         
,c\nties1 ,virg9ia1 & occupi$ a prom95t 
place 9 ! docum5t$ hi/ory ( ! fir/      
half-c5tury ( ,european contact ) !     
,native ,virg9ians4  7#b7 ,9 #afjh1     
,capta9 ,john ,smi? visit$ ! village (  
,patawomeke betwe5 ,potomac & ,accokeek 
,creeks4 ,! population ( ! ,tribe 0     

e/imat$ at ab\t #hjj1 ) #afj b[m54      
,ar\nd ?is same "t1 ,smi? also visit$ & 
record$ ! ,patawomeck villages at       
,passapatanzy1 ,quiy\gh1 & o!r small    
,patawomeck hamlets 9 ! area4  7#c7 ,9  
#afaj1 ,japazaw1 bro!r ( ! ,patawomeck  
w]oance1 relat$ ! ,patawomeck creation  
/ory to ,capta9 ,samuel ,argall1 ! only 
surviv+ ,virg9ia ,algonquian creation   
/ory record$ by ! ,engli%4  7#d7 ,9     
#afdb1 ,patawomeck w]oance1             
,wahangano*e1 & 8 family 7 baptiz$ into 
! ,*ri/ian fai? by ,fa!r ,&rew ,:ite4   
7#e7 ,9 #affb1 ,wahangano*e 0 issu$ a   
silv] badge by ! ,k+ ( ,engl& to we> =  
safety :5 travel+ across ,engli% l&s & z
 an ackn[l$gem5t ( ,patawomeck          
sov]eignty4 ,! w]oance 0 acquitt$ (     
*>ges ( high treason & murd] br\ght     
aga9/ him by ,capta9 ,giles ,br5t at !  
,g5]al ,assembly 9 ,james ,city t ye>1 b
 di$ on 8 way home1 or %ortly aft] 8    
arrival4  7#f7 ,9 ,july #afff1 ! ,g5]al 
,c\ncil ( ,virg9ia decl>$ w> on !       
,patawomecks4 ,mo/ ( ! m5 7 kill$ & mo/ 

( ! wom5 & *ildr51 :o 7 n already liv+ 9
 ,engli% families1 7 captur$ z slaves4  
,o!rs likely jo9$ ) ne>by exi/+ ,indian 
gr\ps su* z ! ,doegs1 ,nanzaticos1 &    
,portobagos4  7#g7 ,9 #afhj1 ,k+        
,pattano*us signs ! ,treaty ( ,middle   
,plantation ( behalf ( ! ,nansatiocoes1 
,nanzemunds1 & ,portabac*oes4 ,by ?is   
"t1 displac$ ,patawomecks are liv+ among
 ^! gr\ps ( p4  7#h7 ,9 #afib1 ,a       
ref]5ce to paym5t = ,rang]s 9 ,/af=d    
,c\nty notes ! pres5ce ( two ,indians   
belong+ to ,/af=d 9 ! deta*m5t1         
illu/rat+ ! cont9u$ pres5ce )9 ! area ( 
,patawomeck ance/ors4  7#i7 ,?r\gh mo/ (
 ! #agjjs ! ,patawomeck community liv$ 9
 ! ,nor!rn ,neck1 mov+ z necess>y4      
,portions ( ! community settl$ ne> !    
area kn[n z ,indian ,t[n 9 mod]n-day ,k+
 ,george ,c\nty4  7#aj7 ,9 #aghi1 ,:ite 
,oak *ur* 0 e/abli%$4 ,?is *ur*1 :i*    
/ill /&s1 became a significant space t  
facilitat$ ! cont9u$ int]action ( memb]s
 ( ! ,patawomeck community :o att5d$    
well into ! #aijjs & us$ ! regul> meet+ 

opportunities z v5ues to pass d[n &     
ma9ta9 ,tribal k & traditions1 meet     
suitable ,patawomeck m>riage p>tn]s1 &  
conduct bus9ess 9 =mal & in=mal ways4   
,g5]ations ( ,patawomeck ance/ors acc\nt
 = ! va/ majority ( ! int]m5ts 9 !      
cemet]y1 includ+ memb]s ) ! surnames (  
,newton1 ,gre51 ,curtis1 ,jett1 &       
,montei?4  7#aa7 ,by ! e>ly #ahjjs1 !   
majority ( ! ,patawomeck community _h   
aga9 coalesc$ 9 ! area ( ,/af=d ,c\nty  
kn[n z ,:ite ,oak1 ) "s memb]s liv+ 9   
ne>by ,passapatanzy1 9 ,k+ ,george      
,c\nty1 only a few miles f ! locations (
 _! ance/ral villages1 dat+ back to !   
#acjjs4  7#ab7 ,9 #ahcb1 ,wahangano*e's 
badge 0 f\nd at ,camd51 9 ,c>ol9e       
,c\nty1 a well-kn[n location ( coalesc5t
 ,indian communities & ! likely location
 ( a portion ( ! ,patawomeck community 9
 ! late #afjjs4  7#ac7 ,dur+ ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,civil ,w>1 v&alism1 c\r?\se     
fires1 & o!r disa/]s de/roy$ _m ( !     
records )9 ! ,/af=d & ,k+ ,george ,c\nty
 c\r?\ses1 s]v+ to r$uce ! ar*ival      

footpr9t ( ! ,patawomecks )9 _! hi/oric 
areas ( habitation4  7#ad7 ,9 ! late    
#aiajs & #aibjs1 ! an?ropologi/ ,frank  
,speck1 visit$ ! ,patawomeck community  
to take photographs1 conduct int]views1 
& collect objects relat$ to ,indig5\s   
h]itage1 not+ t ! nor!rn divisions ( !  
,p[hatan ,conf$]acy are repres5t$ by    
desc5dants on ,potomac ,creek 9 ,k+     
,george c\nty '''4 ,s9ce ?is "t1        
p>tn]%ips h exi/$ betwe5 ! ,tribe &     
rese>*]s f in/itutions su* z !          
,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ! ,univ]sity ( 
,p5nsylvania1 ! ,college ( ,william &   
,m>y1 ,am]ican ,univ]sity1 ! ,univ]sity 
( ,m>y ,wa%+ton1 & ,santa ,cl>a         
,univ]sity4  7#ae7 ,9 #aibd1 ,virg9ia   
pass$ ! ,racial ,integrity ,act :i*     
remov$ ! category ( ,indian id5tity f   
(ficial records4 ,in/ead1 all p 7       
requir$ to be id5tifi$ z ,:ite or       
color$4 ,?is law1 9 addition to o!r     
aspects ( ! racializ$ society t exi/$ 9 
,virg9ia />t+ 9 ! late #afjjs1          
effectively eras$ ,virg9ia ,indians f ! 

(ficial records ( ! ,commonweal? until !
 middle ( ! #aijjs1 am\nt+ to a pap]    
g5ocide4  7#af7 ,9 ! #aicjs & #aidjs1 at
 lea/ #gbb ,patawomeck ance/ors 7 tak5 f
 _! graves "u ! guise ( ar*aeological   
rese>*4 ,_m ( ^! ance/ors 7 disc>d$ by !
 excavators4 ,! rema9d]1 numb]+ well ov]
 #bjj individuals1 are curr5tly held by 
! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4  7#ag7 ,9    
#aied1 ,elizabe? ,newton ( !            
,patawomecks m>ri$ ,o4,t4 ,cu/al[1 ,*ief
 ( ! ,mattaponis4  7#ah7 ,9 #aiif1 !    
contempor>y & =mal reorganization ( !   
,patawomeck ,tribe took place ) !       
adoption ( a writt5 con/itution4  7#ai7 
,9 #bjjf1 9 p>tn]%ip ) l+ui/s !         
,patawomecks began to "w on recon/ruct+ 
_! native ,algonqu9 language & %>+ x )  
o!r ,tribes & fell[ ,virg9ians4 ,s9ce t 
"t ! ,patawomecks h taught1 transcrib$1 
greatly enhanc$ ! common ,algonqu9      
diction>y1 & educat$ hundr$s (          
,virg9ians 9 classroom sett+s4  7#bj7 ,9
 ,febru>y #bjaj1 ,! ,patawomecks receiv$
 (ficial recognition f ! ,commonweal? ( 

,virg9ia aft] ye>s ( h>d "w by ,tribal  
memb]s & an?ropologi/s at ! ,college (  
,william & ,m>y4  7#ba7 ,! ,patawomeck  
,tribe resides 9 ,spotsylvania ,c\nty1  
,virg9ia4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 
7#a7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior4  7#b7 ,tribal   
memb] ,! t]m ,tribal memb] means-- 7,a7 
an individual :o is an enroll$ memb] ( !
 ,tribe z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is     
,act2 &  7,b7 an individual :o has be5  
plac$ on ! memb]%ip rolls ( ! ,tribe 9  
accordance ) ?is title4  7#c7 ,tribe ,! 
t]m ,tribe means ! ,patawomeck ,indian  
,tribe4  #d4 ,f$]al recognition  7a7    
,f$]al ,recognition  7#a7 ,9 g5]al      
,f$]al recognition is ext5d$ to !       
,tribe4  7#b7 ,applicability ( laws ,all
 laws 7includ+ regulations7 ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates ( g5]al applicability to ,indians
 or nations1 ,indian ,tribes1 or b&s (  
,indians 7includ+ ! ,act ( ,june #ah1   
#aicd 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #eaja et seq477 t  
are n inconsi/5t ) ?is title %all be    
applicable to ! ,tribe & ,tribal memb]s4

  7b7 ,f$]al s]vices & b5efits  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,on & aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 ! ,tribe & ,tribal memb]s %all be
 eligible = all s]vices & b5efits       
provid$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to f$]ally
 recogniz$ ,indian ,tribes )\t ! exi/5ce
 ( a res]vation = ! ,tribe4  7#b7       
,s]vice area ,= ! purpose ( ! deliv]y ( 
,f$]al s]vices to ,tribal memb]s1 !     
s]vice area ( ! ,tribe %all be consid]$ 
to be ! area compris$ ( ,k+ ,george     
,c\nty1 ,spotsylvania ,c\nty1 & ,/af=d  
,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4  #e4 ,memb]%ip2 gov]n+
 docum5ts ,! memb]%ip roll & gov]n+     
docum5ts ( ! ,tribe %all be ! mo/ rec5t 
memb]%ip roll & gov]n+ docum5ts1        
respectively1 submitt$ by ! ,tribe to ! 
,secret>y be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is  
,act4  #f4 ,gov]n+ body ,! gov]n+ body (
 ! ,tribe %all be-- 7#a7 ! gov]n+ body (
 ! ,tribe 9 place z ( ! date ( enactm5t 
( ?is ,act2 or  7#b7 any subsequ5t      
gov]n+ body elect$ 9 accordance ) !     
election proc$ures specifi$ 9 ! gov]n+  
docum5ts ( ! ,tribe4  #g4 ,res]vation ( 

! ,tribe  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,^u ! reque/ ( ! 
,tribe1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior may    
take into tru/ = ! b5efit ( ! ,tribe any
 l& held 9 fee by ! ,tribe1 if su* l&s  
are locat$ )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ,k+ ,george  
,c\nty1 ,spotsylvania ,c\nty1 or ,/af=d 
,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4  7b7 ,deadl9e =       
det]m9ation ,! ,secret>y %all make a    
f9al writt5 det]m9ation n lat] ?an #c   
ye>s ( ! date :i* ! ,tribe submits a    
reque/ = l& to be tak5 into tru/ "u     
subsection 7a77#a7 & %all imm$iately    
make t det]m9ation available to !       
,tribe4  7c7 ,res]vation /atus ,any l&  
tak5 into tru/ = ! b5efit ( ! ,tribe    
pursuant to ?is p>agraph %all1 ^u reque/
 ( ! ,tribe1 be consid]$ "p ( !         
res]vation ( ! ,tribe4  7d7 ,gam+ ,!    
,tribe may n conduct gam+ activities z a
 matt] ( claim$ inh]5t au?ority or "u ! 
au?ority ( any ,f$]al law1 includ+ !    
,indian ,gam+ ,regulatory ,act 7#be     
,u4,s4,c4 #bgja et seq47 or "u any      
regulations !reund] promulgat$ by !     
,secret>y or ! ,national ,indian ,gam+  

,commission4  #h4 ,hunt+1 fi%+1 trapp+1 
ga!r+1 & wat] rights ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act   
exp&s1 r$uces1 or affects 9 any mann]   
any hunt+1 fi%+1 trapp+1 ga!r+1 or wat] 
rights ( ! ,tribe & memb]s ( ! ,tribe4  
#i4 ,em95t doma9 ,em95t doma9 may n be  
us$ to acquire l&s = a ,tribe recogniz$ 
"u ?is ,act4