,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #dfhe  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,july #bc1 #bjbe,mr4  
,khanna 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1    
,ms4 ,norton1 & ,mr4 ,?an$>7 introduc$ !
 foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !         
,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 & 9       
addition to ! ,committee on             
,appropriations1 = a p]iod to be        
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to pause developm5t
 ( ! new ,s5t9el program1 ext5d ! life (
 ! ,m9uteman ,,iii1 & r$irect sav+s f   
,s5t9el t[>d ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 &
 = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is  
,act may be cit$ z ! ,inve/+ 9 ,*ildr5  
,be=e ,missiles ,act ( #bjbe or ! ,,icbm
 ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !     
foll[+3  7#a7 ,accord+ to !             
,congressional ,budget ,(fice1 !        
project$ co/ to su/a9 & mod]nize !      
,unit$ ,/ates nucle> ars5al1 z ( #bjbe1 
is #idf billion ov] ! #bjbe-bjcd p]iod1 

or an av]age ( ab\t #ie billion a ye>1 &
 nucle> =ces acc\nt = #h4d p]c5t ( !    
total #aj-ye> co/ ( ! plans = national  
def5se outl9$ 9 ! ,presid5t's #bjbe     
budget submission4  7#b7 ,9 ,septemb]   
#bjbj1 ! ,air ,=ce aw>d$ a sole-s\rce   
contract to ,nor?rop ,grumman = !       
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t program 7n[ 
call$ ,s5t9el int]cont95tal balli/ic    
missile program71 rais+ conc]ns t !     
abs5ce ( competition = ! aw>d w\ld      
result 9 high] ?an project$ co/s to     
,unit$ ,/ates taxpay]s4 ,! program is   
int5d$ to replace #djj deploy$ ,m9uteman
 ,,iii missiles ) m ?an #fjj new        
missiles1 to all[ = te/ flights & sp>es4
  7#c7 ,! ,s5t9el program has enc\nt]$  
significant co/ gr[? & s*$ule delays 9  
rec5t ye>s1 & ! full ext5t ( bo? rema9s 
unc]ta9 z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se is      
curr5tly re/ructur+ ! program4  7#d7 ,9 
,janu>y #bjbd1 increases 9 ! total co/s 
( ! ,s5t9el program trigg]$ a review "u 
*apt] #cbe ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code 7commonly kn[n z ! ,nunn-,mc,curdy

 ,act71 :i* is int5d$ to det]m9e :e!r a 
program t has exp]i5c$ l>ge co/ ov]runs 
%\ld cont9ue1 & :at1 if any1 *anges %\ld
 be made to control co/s4  7#e7 ,9 ,july
 #bjbd1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se complet$ t
 review & releas$ a new e/imate ( total 
co/s = ! program ( #ada1jjj1jjj1jjj 9   
con/ant #bjbj doll>s1 :i* is #ha p]c5t  
7or #fc1jjj1jjj1jjj7 l>g] ?an !         
program's basel9e #bjbj e/imate (       
#gh1jjj1jjj1jjj4 ,! total e/imat$ life  
cycle co/ ( ! ,s5t9el program 7n includ+
 w>heads7 0 e/imat$ by ! ,dep>tm5t (    
,def5se to be #bfj1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 #bjbj &
 is und\bt$ly high] today4  7#f7 ,9 ,may
 #bjbe1 ! ,air ,=ce ann\nc$ ! ,s5t9el   
program w likely pr$om9antly require    
digg+ fre% missile silos1 a significant 
*ange f previ\s plans to reuse exi/+    
silos & a move t w\ld likely cause fur!r
 significant co/ increases & s*$ule     
delays4  7#g7 ,accord+ to public        
reports1 (ficials ( ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,def5se expect ! re/ructur+ ef=t to     
delay ! ,s5t9el program by sev]al ye>s4 

,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se's #bjbe budget   
plans call$ = initial op]at+ capability 
to be a*iev$ 9 ,may #bjbi1 a date t1 z (
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 looks  
una*ievable4 ,! ,air ,=ce is consid]+   
cont+5cy plans t w\ld ext5d ! life (    
,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal balli/ic  
missiles by #aa m ye>s to #bjej if      
delays cont9ue to plague ! ,s5t9el      
missiles int5d$ to replace !m4  7#h7 ,! 
,national ,nucle> ,security             
,adm9i/ration is develop+ a replacem5t  
int]cont95tal balli/ic missile w>head1 !
 ,w#hg-a1 = ! ,s5t9el & exp&+ plutonium 
pit production to build new w>head      
cores1 co/+ at lea/ #ad1jjj1jjj1jjj &   
#ah1jjj1jjj1jjj1 respectively4  7#i7    
,ev5 9 ! abs5ce ( an int]cont95tal      
balli/ic missile leg ( ! triad1 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates w\ld h an assur$ retaliatory    
capability 9 ! =m ( multiple balli/ic   
missile subm>9es1 :i* are virtually     
undetectable1 & !re are no kn[n1 ne>-t]m
 cr$ible ?reats to ! survivability ( !  
balli/ic missile subm>9e =ce4 ,!        

survivability ( ! subm>9e =ce w be      
enhanc$ z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se moves to
 replace ! ,ohio class balli/ic subm>9e 
fleet ) ! new ,columbia class balli/ic  
missile fleet4  7#aj7 ,:ile             
int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles h       
hi/orically be5 ! mo/ responsive leg ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates nucle> triad1 advances 9 
balli/ic missile subm>9e communications 
to all[ = ! dissem9ation ( em]g5cy      
action messages 9 w>time h negat$ t     
advantage4  7#aa7 ,int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles bas$ 9 silos are      
vuln]able &1 once laun*$1 _c be recall$1
 leav+ decisionmak]s ) m]e m9utes to    
decide :e!r to laun* ! missiles be=e !y 
are de/roy$1 kn[n z a po/ure ( laun* on 
w>n+ or laun* "u attack 9 ! face ( a    
p]ceiv$ nucle> attack1 greatly increas+ 
! risk ( a national lead] initiat+ a    
nucle> w> by mi/ake4  7#ab7 ,"u curr5t  
policy1 ! ,presid5t has ! au?ority--    
7,a7 to laun* ,unit$ ,/ates nucle>      
weapons fir/ & is n limit$ to           
retaliation2  7,b7 to laun* nucle>      

weapons "u w>n+ ( attack1 r ?an wait+ = 
evid5ce ( attack2 &  7,c7 to laun*      
nucle> weapons on ! ,presid5t's sole    
ord]4  7#ac7 ,false al>ms h happ5$      
multiple times & c happ5 aga94 ,=       
example1 9 #aihj1 a false al>m 0 report$
 to ! ,assi/ant to ! ,presid5t =        
,national ,security ,affairs & 0 almo/  
report$ up to ,presid5t ,jimmy ,c>t] z a
 real attack b 0 luckily id5tifi$ 9 "t4 
,rec5t ,p5tagon reports h f\nd t1 z a   
result ( cyb]attacks1 ! ,presid5t c\ld  
be fac$ ) false w>n+s ( attack or lose !
 ability to control nucle> weapons4     
7#ad7 ,9 #aihc1 ,/anislav ,petrov1 a =m]
 lieut5ant colonel ( ! ,soviet ,air     
,def5se ,=ces correctly id5tifi$ a false
 w>n+ 9 an e>ly w>n+ sy/em t %[$ sev]al 
,unit$ ,/ates incom+ nucle> missiles1   
prev5t+ ,soviet lead]s f laun*+ a       
retaliatory response1 e>n+ ,colonel     
,petrov ! nickname ! man :o sav$ ! _w4  
7#ae7 ,=m] ,secret>y ( ,def5se ,william 
,j4 ,p]ry wrote t ! gr\nd-bas$ leg ( !  
nucle> triad is de/abiliz+ because x    

invites an attack & int]cont95tal       
balli/ic missiles are "s ( ! mo/ dang]\s
 weapons 9 ! _w & c\ld ev5 trigg] an    
accid5tal nucle> w>4  7#af7 ,g5]al      
,james ,c>twright1 =m] vice *air ( !    
,jo9t ,*iefs ( ,/aff & =m] ,comm&] ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,/rategic ,comm&1 wrote1 )
 ,secret>y ,p]ry1 ,the greate/ dang] is 
n a ,russian bolt b a ,,u blund]--t we  
might accid5tally /umble into nucle> w>4
 ,z we make decisions ab\t :i* weapons  
to buy1 we %\ld use ?is simple rule3 ,if
 a nucle> weapon increases ! risk (     
accid5tal w> & is n ne$$ to det] an     
int5tional attack1 we %\ld n build x4   
''' ,c]ta9 nucle> weapons1 su* z ''' !  
int]cont95tal balli/ic missile1 c>ry    
high] risks ( accid5tal w> t1 =tunately1
 we no long] ne$ to be>4 ,we are saf]   
)\t ^! exp5sive weapons1 & x w\ld be    
fooli% to replace !m44  7#ag7 ,g5]al    
,george ,lee ,butl]1 ! =m]              
,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,/rategic ,air      
,comm& & subsequ5tly ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,/rategic ,comm&1 said1  

,i w\ld h remov$ l&-bas$ missiles f our 
ars5al a long "t ago4 ,i'd be happy to  
put t mission on ! subm>9es4 ,s1 ) a    
significant fraction ( bomb]s hav+ a    
nucle> weapons capability t c be re/or$ 
to al]t v quickly1 & ) ev5 a small      
compon5t ( ,trid5t subm>9es--) all ^?   
missiles & all ^? w>heads on patrol--x's
 h>d to imag9e we c\ldn't get by44      
7#ah7 ,:ile a sudd5 bolt f ! blue fir/  
/rike f a ne>-pe] nucle> adv]s>y is a   
highly unlikely sc5>io1 ext5d+ !        
,m9uteman ,,iii w\ld ma9ta9 ! purport$  
role ( ! int]cont95tal balli/ic missile 
leg ( ! triad to absorb su* an attack4  
#c4 ,/atem5t ( policy on ,m9uteman      
,,iii1 ,s5t9el1 & education fund+ ,x is 
! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t--  7#a7 z (
 ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !      
,s5t9el program is significantly ov]    
budget & beh9d s*$ule & %\ld be paus$ & 
reevaluat$ = ne$ & te*nical m]it2  7#b7 
! op]ational life ( ! ,m9uteman ,,iii   
missile %\ld be safely ext5d$ until at  
lea/ #bjej2 &  7#c7 inve/m5ts 9 !       

,dep>tm5t ( ,education are a bett] use (
 ,unit$ ,/ates taxpay] res\rces ?an     
cont9u+ ) ! curr5t ,s5t9el program4  #d4
 ,availability ( funds = education      
in/ead ( ,s5t9el  7a7 ,transf] f        
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,! ,secret>y (      
,def5se %all transf] all am\nts         
appropriat$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se = !
 rese>*1 developm5t1 te/1 & evaluation (
 ! ,s5t9el program1 & available =       
obligation z ( ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education to   
c>ry out "p ,a ( title ,i ( ! ,elem5t>y 
& ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj
 ,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa et seq474  7b7 ,transf]
 f ,national ,nucle> ,security          
,adm9i/ration ,! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy %all
 transf] all am\nts appropriat$ to !    
,national ,nucle> ,security             
,adm9i/ration = ! ,w#hg-a w>head        
modification program1 & available =     
obligation z ( ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education to   
c>ry out "p ,a ( title ,i ( ! ,elem5t>y 
& ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj

 ,u4,s4,c4 #fcaa et seq474  #e4         
,prohibition on use ( funds = gr\nd-bas$
 /rategic det]r5t program & ,w#hg-a     
w>head modification program ,none ( !   
funds au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ or     
o!rwise made available = fiscal ye>     
#bjbf may be obligat$ or exp5d$ = !     
,s5t9el program or ! ,w#hg-a w>head     
modification program4  #f4 ,indep5d5t   
/udy on ext5sion ( ,m9uteman ,,iii      
int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles  7a7    
,indep5d5t /udy ,n lat] ?an #cj days    
aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !  
,secret>y ( ,def5se %all seek to ent]   
into a contract ) ! ,national ,academy (
 ,sci5ces to conduct a /udy on ext5d+ ! 
life ( ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal    
balli/ic missiles to #bjej or beyond4   
7b7 ,/aff+  7#a7 ,exp]ts ,! conduct ( ! 
/udy requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all     
include input f a wide v>iety ( te*nical
 & subject matt] exp]ts4  7#b7          
,prohibition on c]ta9 ,air ,=ce         
employees ,no memb] or =m] memb] ( !    
,air ,=ce or employee or =m] employee ( 

! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,air ,=ce :o is or 0    
paid = "w relat+ to ! ,s5t9el program   
may p>ticipate 9 ! conduct ( ! /udy     
requir$ by subsection 7a74  7c7 ,elem5ts
 ,! /udy requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all 
address ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,a comp>ison ( !
 co/s ?r\gh #bjej (-- 7,a7 ext5d+ ! life
 ( ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles2 &  7,b7 deploy+ !    
,s5t9el program4  7#b7 ,an analysis (   
opportunities to incorporate te*nologies
 into ! ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal   
balli/ic missile program z "p ( a s]vice
 life ext5sion program t c\ld also be   
incorporat$ 9 a possible future ,s5t9el 
program1 includ+1 at a m9imum1          
opportunities to increase resili5ce     
aga9/ adv]s>y missile def5ses4  7#c7 ,an
 analysis ( ! b5efits & risks (         
incorporat+ s5sors & nonde/ructive te/+ 
me?ods & te*nologies to r$uce de/ructive
 te/+ requirem5ts & increase ! s]vice   
life & numb] ( ,m9uteman ,,iii missiles 
?r\gh #bjej4  7#d7 ,an analysis &       
validation ( ! me?ods us$ to e/imate !  

op]ational s]vice life ( ,m9uteman ,,ii 
& ,m9uteman ,,iii motors1 tak+ into     
acc\nt ! te/ & laun* exp]i5ce ( motors  
retir$ aft] ! op]ational s]vice life (  
su* motors 9 ! rocket sy/ems laun*      
program4  7#e7 ,an analysis ( ! risks & 
b5efits ( alt]native me?ods ( e/imat+ ! 
op]ational s]vice life ( ,m9uteman ,,iii
 motors1 su* z ^? me?ods bas$ on        
fundam5tal physical & *emical processes 
& nonde/ructive measurem5ts ( individual
 motor prop]ties4  7#f7 ,an analysis (  
risks1 b5efits1 & co/s ( configur+ a    
,trid5t ,,ii ,d#e subm>9e-laun*$        
balli/ic missile = deploym5t 9 a        
,m9uteman ,,iii silo4  7#g7 ,an analysis
 ( ! impacts ( ! e/imat$ s]vice life ( !
 ,m9uteman ,,iii =ce associat$ )        
decreas+ ! deploy$ int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles deliv]y vehicle =ce f 
#djj to #cjj or less4  7#h7 ,an         
assessm5t ( ! ext5t to :i* ! ,columbia  
class balli/ic missile subm>9es w       
possess features t w enhance ! curr5t   
invuln]ability ( balli/ic missile       

subm>9es ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to future    
antisubm>9e w>f>e ?reats4  7#i7 ,an     
analysis ( ! ext5t to :i* an ext5sion ( 
! life ( ! ,m9uteman ,,iii missiles w\ld
 impact ! decision ( ! ,russian         
,f$]ation to t>get int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a 
crisis1 comp>$ to proce$+ ) ! ,s5t9el4  
7#aj7 ,a be/ case e/imate ( :at p]c5tage
 ( ! /rategic =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
w\ld survive a c\nt]=ce /rike f !       
,russian ,f$]ation1 brok5 d[n by        
int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles1        
balli/ic missile subm>9es1 & heavy bomb]
 aircraft4  7#aa7 ,! b5efits1 risks1 &  
co/s ( rely+ on ! ,w-#gh w>head = ei!r !
 ,m9uteman ,,iii or a new ,s5t9el       
missile z comp>$ to proce$+ ) ! ,w-#hg  
life ext5sion4  7#ab7 ,! b5efits1 risks1
 & co/s ( add+ additional laun*]s on    
subm>9es or upload+ subm>9e-laun*$      
balli/ic missiles ) additional w>heads  
to comp5sate = a r$uc$ deploym5t (      
int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates4  7d7 ,report requir$     

7#a7 ,submission to ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se 
,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( !   
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,national        
,academy ( ,sci5ces %all submit to !    
,secret>y ( ,def5se a report conta9+ !  
results ( ! /udy conduct$ "u subsection 
7a74  7#b7 ,submission to ,congress ,n  
lat] ?an #baj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all   
transmit to ! appropriate congressional 
committees ! report requir$ by p>agraph 
7#a71 )\t *ange4  7#c7 ,=m ,! report    
requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 %all be        
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 b may include
 a classifi$ annex4  7#d7 ,appropriate  
congressional committees def9$ ,9 ?is   
subsection1 ! t]m appropriate           
congressional committees means--  7,a7 !
 ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 !        
,committee on ,=eign ,relations1 & !    
,committee on ,appropriations ( !       
,s5ate2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on ,arm$   
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs1 & ! ,committee on             
,appropriations ( ! ,h\se (             

,repres5tatives4