,i  #aaith ,,congress  #ast ,session    
,h4 ,r4 #djge  ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of  
,,representatives  ,june #bc1 #bjbe,mr4 
,crank 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,begich1 ,ms4 
,rivas1 and ,mr4 ,hurd of ,colorado7    
introduced the following bill2 which was
 referred to the ,committee on ,science1
 ,space1 and ,technology  ,a ,,bill  ,to
 direct the ,administrator of the       
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administrator to improve fire weather  
and fire environment forecasting1       
detection1 and local collaboration1 and 
for other purposes4  #a4 ,short title   
,this ,act may be cited as the ,fire    
,weather ,development ,act of #bjbe4    
#b4 ,fire weather forecasting and       
detection  7a7 ,establishment ,the      
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic
 and ,atmospheric ,administration1 shall
 establish a program 7in this ,act      
referred to as the ,program7 to improve 
fire weather and fire environment       
forecasting1 detection1 and delivery of 
products or services through            

collaboration with ,federal and ,state  
agencies or departments1 local emergency
 mangers1 and relevant entities4  7b7   
,goals ,the goals of the ,program shall 
be to develop and improve accurate fire 
weather and fire environment forecasts  
and warnings in order to reduce loss of 
life1 reduce injuries1 protect property1
 and reduce damage to the economy from  
wildfires4 ,the ,program shall seek to  
improve the assessment of fire weather  
and fire environments1 the understanding
 and prediction of wildfires1 and the   
communications regarding such           
assessments with ,state and local       
emergency officials in a timely and     
streamlined fashion1 with a focus on    
improving the following3 7#a7 ,the      
prediction of ignition1 intensification 
and spread of wildfires4  7#b7 ,the     
observation and monitoring of fire      
weather and fire environments4  7#c7    
,the forecast and communication of smoke
 dispersion from wildfires4  7#d7       
,information dissemination and risk     

communication to develop more effective 
watch and warning products relating to  
wildfires4  7#e7 ,the early detection of
 wildfires1 including pre-ignition      
analysis and ground condition           
characterizations4  7#f7 ,the           
development1 testing1 and deployment of 
novel tools and techniques related to   
understanding1 monitoring1 and          
predicting fire weather and fire        
environments4  7#g7 ,the unique         
characteristics1 including observation  
or modeling requirements1 related to    
fires at the wildland-urban interface4  
7#h7 ,the forecasting and understanding 
of the impacts of prescribed burns 7as  
such term is defined in section #b of   
the ,prescribed ,burn ,approval ,act of 
#bjaf 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #eea;c-#a note774  
7c7 ,collaboration with stakeholders ,in
 developing the ,program required under 
this section1 the ,administrator of the 
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration shall solicit and take  
into consideration input from the       

weather industry1 such academic entities
 as the ,administrator considers        
appropriate1 and other relevant         
stakeholders4  7d7 ,activities ,to      
achieve the goals specified in          
subsection 7b71 the ,administrator of   
the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric 
,administration may conduct research1   
development1 testing1 demonstration1 and
 operational transition activities      
related to fire weather and fire        
environments1 including regarding the   
following3 7#a7 ,tools and services to  
inform1 support1 and complement active  
land management1 local emergency        
personnel1 the ,united ,states ,forest  
,service1 and ,state1 local1 and ,tribal
 entities during their response and     
mitigation efforts4  7#b7 ,sensing      
technologies1 such as infrared1         
microwave1 and active sensors suitable  
for potential deployment on spacecraft1 
aircraft1 and unmanned aircraft systems1
 to improve the monitoring and          
forecasting of fire fuel and active     

wildfires1 wildfire behavior models and 
forecasts1 mapping efforts1 and the     
prediction of wildfires and the impacts 
of such4  7#c7 ,grid-based assessments  
and outlooks of fuel moisture and danger
 levels4  7#d7 ,social and behavior     
sciences related to fire weather and    
fire environment warning products4  7#e7
 ,advanced satellite detection products 
coupled with atmosphere and fire weather
 modeling systems4  7#f7 ,education and 
training to expand the number of        
students and researchers in areas of    
study and research related to wildfires1
 fire weather1 and fire environments4   
7#g7 ,modeling systems to link long-term
 climate predictions to localized or    
general land management decisions4  7#h7
 ,communication and outreach to         
communities1 energy utilities1 owners   
and operators of critical               
infrastructure1 and other relevant      
stakeholders regarding fire weather and 
fire environment risk4  7#i7            
,stewardship and dissemination1 to the  

extent practicable1 of ,national        
,oceanic and ,atmospheric               
,administration scientific data and     
related products and services in formats
 meeting shared standards to enhance the
 interoperability1 usability1 and       
accessibility of such data in order to  
better meet the needs of the ,national  
,oceanic and ,atmospheric               
,administration1 other ,federal         
agencies1 and relevant stakeholders4    
7#aj7 ,improvement of spatial and       
temporal resolution observations4  7#aa7
 ,any other topic or activity the       
,administrator determines relevant4  7e7
 ,novel tools for monitoring and        
prediction ,the ,administrator of the   
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration1 in consultation with   
the heads of the agencies specified in  
section #c1 or other appropriate        
stakeholders1 including commercial      
partners1 shall develop novel tools and 
technologies to support the activities  
of the ,program and which may be applied

 to broader wildland fire research1     
monitoring1 and mitigation activities1  
as practicable and appropriate4  7f7    
,extramural research ,the ,administrator
 of the ,national ,oceanic and          
,atmospheric ,administration shall      
collaborate with and support the        
non-,federal wildland fire research     
community1 which includes institutions  
of higher education1 private sector     
entities1 nongovernmental organizations1
 and other relevant stakeholders1 by    
making funds available through          
competitive grants1 contracts1 and      
cooperative agreements4  7g7 ,commercial
 data  7#a7 ,in general ,not later than 
one year after the date of the enactment
 of this ,act1 the ,administrator of the
 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric    
,administration1 in consultation with   
the heads of other ,federal agencies and
 relevant stakeholders1 may enter into  
contracts with one or more private      
sector entities to obtain additional    
airborne and space-based data and       

observations that may enhance or        
supplement the understanding1           
monitoring1 and prediction1 of fire     
weather and fire environments1 and the  
relevant ,program activities under this 
section4  7#b7 ,consultation ,in        
carrying out activities under paragraph 
7#a71 the ,administrator of the         
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration shall consult with      
private sector entities through the     
,national ,advisory ,committee on       
,wildfires under section #d to identify 
needed tools and data that can be best  
provided by ,national ,oceanic and      
,atmospheric ,administration satellites 
and are most beneficial to wildfire and 
smoke detection and monitoring4  7h7    
,nonduplication ,to the maximum extent  
practicable1 the ,administrator of the  
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration shall consult with the  
,national ,interagency ,fire ,center1   
including the ,joint ,fire ,science     
,program1 to avoid duplication of       

activities under this section and ensure
 the ,administration's focus on unique  
research activities best suited for     
transition to operations4  7i7 ,unmanned
 aircraft systems  7#a7 ,in general ,the
 ,administrator of the ,national        
,oceanic and ,atmospheric               
,administration shall--  7,a7 assess the
 role and potential benefits of unmanned
 aircraft systems to improve data       
collection in support of fire weather   
and fire environment modeling1          
meteorological observations1            
predictions1 and forecasts2  7,b7       
identify objectives for testing such    
systems' use for obtaining fire weather 
and fire environment observations1 and  
other relevant activities2 and  7,c7    
transition unmanned aircraft systems    
technologies from research to operations
 as the ,administrator considers        
appropriate4  7#b7 ,briefing ,not later 
than #bgj days after the date of        
enactment of the ,act1 the              
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic

 and ,atmospheric ,administration shall 
brief the appropriate committees of     
,congress on the activities under       
paragraph 7#a74  7#c7 ,pilot programs   
,not later than #ah months after the    
date of the enactment of this ,act1 the 
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic
 and ,atmospheric ,administration may   
conduct pilot programs of unmanned      
aircraft systems for fire weather and   
fire environment observations1 including
 relating to the following3 7,a7        
,testing of unmanned aircraft systems in
 approximations of real-world scenarios4
  7,b7 ,assessment of the utility of    
meteorological data collected from fire 
response and assessment aircraft4  7,c7 
,input into appropriate models of       
collected data to predict fire behavior1
 including coupled atmosphere and fire  
models4  7,d7 ,collection of best       
management practices for deployment of  
unmanned aircraft systems for fire      
weather and fire environment            
observations4  7#d7 ,prohibition  7,a7  

,in general ,except as provided under   
subparagraphs 7,b7 and 7,c71 the        
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic
 and ,atmospheric ,administration may   
not procure any unmanned aircraft system
 that is manufactured or assembled by an
 entity in a foreign country of concern4
  7,b7 ,exemption ,the prohibition under
 subparagraph 7,a7 shall not apply to   
the ,administrator of the ,national     
,oceanic and ,atmospheric               
,administration if the ,administrator   
determines1 in consultation with the    
,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 that 
the procurement of an unmanned aircraft 
system is necessary for the sole purpose
 of marine or atmospheric science or    
management4  7,c7 ,waiver ,the          
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic
 and ,atmospheric ,administration may   
waive the prohibition under subparagraph
 7,a7 on a case-by-case basis--  7i7    
with the approval of the ,secretary of  
,homeland ,security2 and  7ii7 upon     
written or electronic notification to   

appropriate committees of ,congress not 
later than #cj days after any such      
waiver4  7#e7  ,airspace operations     
system  ,the ,administrator of the      
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration1 in cooperation with the
 ,administrator of the ,national        
,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1
 shall utilize the capabilities of      
unmanned aircraft systems as appropriate
 for fire weather and fire environment  
observations1 and may use a wildfire    
airspace operations system that accounts
 for piloted aircraft1 unmanned aircraft
 systems1 and other new and emerging    
capabilities after such airspace        
operations system is developed and      
determined ready for operational use by 
the ,administrator of the ,national     
,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4
  7#f7 ,authorization of appropriations 
,there is authorized to be appropriated 
#e1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf to     
carry out this subsection4  7j7         
,definitions ,in this section3  7#a7    

,appropriate committees of ,congress    
,the term appropriate committees of     
,congress means the ,committee on       
,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and   
the ,committee on ,homeland ,security of
 the ,house of ,representatives and the 
,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and  
,transportation and the ,committee on   
,homeland ,security and ,governmental   
,affairs of the ,senate4  7#b7 ,critical
 infrastructure ,the term critical      
infrastructure has the meaning given    
such term in section #ajaf7;e7 of       
,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     
#eaie;c7e774  7#c7 ,foreign country of  
concern ,the term foreign country of    
concern has the meaning given such term 
in section #iija of the ,william ,m4    
7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense   
,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year   
#bjba 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dfea74  7#d7      
,institution of higher education ,the   
term institution of higher education has
 the meaning given such term in section 
#aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of  

#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja74  7#e7      
,unmanned aircraft system ,the term     
unmanned aircraft system has the meaning
 given such term in section #ddhja of   
title #di1 ,united ,states ,code4  7#f7 
,weather industry ,the term weather     
industry has the meaning given such term
 in section #b of the ,weather ,research
 and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of   
#bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heja74  #c4       
,interagency ,coordinating ,committee on
 ,wildfires  7a7 ,establishment ,not    
later than #ij days after the date of   
the enactment of this ,act1 the         
,director of the ,office of ,science and
 ,technology ,policy shall establish an 
interagency coordinating committee to be
 known as the ,interagency ,coordinating
 ,committee on ,wildfires 7in this      
section referred to as the ,committee74 
,the chair of the ,committee shall be   
the ,administrator of the ,national     
,oceanic and ,atmospheric               
,administration4  7b7 ,purpose ,the     
,committee shall coordinate the         

development of accurate and timely      
wildfire forecasting1 detection1        
monitoring1 and delivery of related     
products or services that best assist   
,state and local emergency officials    
while avoiding duplication of           
activities4  7c7 ,membership ,in        
addition to the chair1 the ,committee   
shall be composed of the heads or       
appropriate designees of the following  
program agencies3 7#a7 ,the ,federal    
,emergency ,management ,agency4  7#b7   
,the ,united ,states ,fire              
,administration4  7#c7 ,the ,united     
,states ,forest ,service4  7#d7 ,the    
,national ,aeronautics and ,space       
,administration4  7#e7 ,the ,department 
of the ,interior4  7#f7 ,the ,department
 of ,agriculture4  7#g7 ,the ,united    
,states ,geological ,survey4  7#h7 ,the 
,office of ,science and ,technology     
,policy4  7#i7 ,any other ,federal      
department or agency the ,director of   
the ,office of ,science and ,technology 
,policy considers appropriate4  7d7     

,strategic plan ,not later than one year
 after the date of the enactment of this
 ,act1 the ,committee shall submit to   
,congress a strategic plan for the      
,program that includes the following3   
7#a7 ,a description of short-term1      
mid-term1 and long-term objectives to   
achieve the purpose specified in        
subsection 7b74  7#b7 ,a description of 
how agencies specified in subsection 7c7
 will collaborate with stakeholders and 
take into account stakeholder needs and 
recommendations in developing such      
objectives4  7#c7 ,a description of     
existing and new observational and data 
infrastructure needed to accomplish such
 objectives4  7#d7 ,a description of the
 role of each such agency in achieving  
such objectives4  7#e7 ,guidance        
regarding how the ,committee's          
recommendations are best used in        
planning for ,federal1 ,state1 local1   
,tribal1 and territorial entities4  7e7 
,interagency agreements  ,the heads of  
agencies specified in subsection 7c7 may

 enter into one or more interagency     
agreements providing for cooperation and
 collaboration in the development of    
wildfire forecasting1 detection1 and    
monitoring tools1 instruments1          
technologies1 and research to accomplish
 the purpose described in subsection    
7b74  7f7  ,collaboration  ,the head of 
each agency specified in subsection 7c7 
shall1 to the extent practicable1       
increase engagement and cooperation with
 international1 academic1 ,state1 and   
local communities regarding the         
infrastructure1 data1 and scientific    
research necessary to best advance the  
forecasting1 detection1 and monitoring  
of and preparation for wildfires4  #d4  
,national ,advisory ,committee on       
,wildfires  7a7 ,establishment  7#a7 ,in
 general ,not later than #ij days after 
the submission of the strategic plan    
required by section #c7;d71 the         
,director of the ,office of ,science and
 ,technology ,policy shall establish a  
national advisory committee to be known 

as the ,national ,advisory ,committee on
 ,wildfires 7in this section referred to
 as the ,advisory ,committee74 ,the     
,advisory ,committee shall consist of   
not fewer than seven and not more than  
#ae members who are qualified to provide
 advice regarding wildfire forecasting1 
detection1 monitoring1 and delivery of  
related products or services1 including 
from the following entities3 7,a7       
,research and academic institutions4    
7,b7 ,public communication or broadcast 
entities4  7,c7 ,emergency management   
agencies4  7,d7 ,state1 local1 or       
,tribal governments4  7,e7 ,the         
,national ,association of ,state        
,foresters4  7,f7 ,business communities4
  7,g7 ,other entities as designated by 
the ,director of the ,office of ,science
 and ,technology ,policy4  7#b7         
,prohibition ,members of the ,advisory  
,committee may not be employees of the  
,federal ,government4  7b7 ,assessment  
,the ,advisory ,committee shall offer   
assessments and recommendations relating

 to the following3  7#a7 ,tailored      
forecasting1 detection1 and monitoring  
products and tools4  7#b7 ,communication
 and delivery methods of wildfire       
forecasting1 detection1 and monitoring  
information4  7#c7 ,opportunities to    
streamline ,federal forecasting1        
monitoring1 and detection information to
 local emergency personnel and          
communities4  7#d7 ,the management1     
coordination1 implementation1 and       
activities of the ,interagency          
,coordinating ,committee on ,wildfires  
under section #c4  7#e7 ,the            
effectiveness of the ,interagency       
,coordinating ,committee on ,wildfires  
in meeting its purposes4  7c7           
,compensation ,members of the ,advisory 
,committee shall serve without          
compensation4  7d7 ,reports ,not less   
frequently than biennially1 the         
,advisory ,committee shall report to the
 ,director of the ,office of ,science   
and ,technology ,policy on the          
assessments carried out under subsection

 7b7 and its recommendations for ways to
 improve the coordination and           
dissemination of wildfire forecasts1    
warnings1 and detection and monitoring  
information4  7e7 ,charter              
,notwithstanding section #ajac7;b77#b7  
of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 the 
,advisory ,committee shall not be       
required to file a charter subsequent to
 its initial charter1 filed under       
section #ajjh7;c7 of such title1 before 
the termination date specified in       
subsection 7f7 of this section4  7f7    
,termination ,the ,advisory ,committee  
shall terminate on ,september #cj1      
#bjbi4  7g7 ,conflict of interest ,an   
,advisory ,committee member shall recuse
 himself or herself from any ,advisory  
,committee activity in which he or she  
has an actual pecuniary interest4  #e4  
,establishment of fire weather testbed  
7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator of  
the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric 
,administration shall establish a fire  
weather testbed to enable engagement    

across the ,federal ,government1 ,state 
and local governments1 academia1 private
 and federally funded research          
laboratories1 the private sector1 and   
end-users in order to evaluate the      
accuracy and usability of technology1   
models1 fire weather products and       
services1 and other research to         
accelerate the implementation1          
transition to operations1 and use of new
 capabilities by the ,national ,oceanic 
and ,atmospheric ,administration1       
,federal and land management agencies1  
and other relevant stakeholders4  7b7   
,resources ,in carrying out this        
section1 the ,administrator of the      
,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric     
,administration may not transfer or     
reprogram any funds1 detail any         
personnel1 or make use of any           
infrastructure from cooperative         
institutes of the ,national ,oceanic and
 ,atmospheric ,administration in        
existence as of the date of the         
enactment of this ,act for the fire     

weather testbed established under       
subsection 7a74  7c7 ,authorization of  
appropriations ,there is authorized to  
be appropriated #d1jjj1jjj for each of  
fiscal years #bjbf through #bjbi to     
carry out this section4  #f4 ,incident  
meteorologist workforce  7a7 ,workforce 
and training assessment ,not later than 
six months after the date of the        
enactment of this ,act1 the             
,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic
 and ,atmospheric ,administration shall 
submit to the ,committee on ,science1   
,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of
 ,representatives and the ,committee on 
,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation
 of the ,senate the results of an       
assessment of ,national ,weather        
,service workforce and training         
challenges for ,incident                
,meteorologists1 and a roadmap for      
overcoming such challenges4 ,such       
assessment shall take into consideration
 information technology support1        
logistical and administrative           

operations1 anticipated weather and     
climate conditions1 and feedback from   
relevant stakeholders1 and shall        
include1 to the maximum extent          
practicable1 an identification by the   
,national ,weather ,service of the      
following3  7#a7 ,the expected number of
 ,incident ,meteorologists needed over  
the next five years4  7#b7 ,potential   
hiring authorities necessary to overcome
 any identified workforce and training  
challenges4  7#c7 ,alternative services 
or assistance options the ,national     
,weather ,service could provide to meet 
operational needs4  7b7 ,overtime pay   
7#a7 ,in general ,any premium pay for   
services performed by ,incident         
,meteorologists of the ,national        
,weather ,service that are determined by
 the ,secretary of ,commerce to be      
primarily related to emergency wildland 
fire suppression activities shall be    
disregarded in calculating the aggregate
 of such employee's basic pay and       
premium pay for purposes of a limitation

 under section #eedg of title #e1       
,united ,states ,code1 or under any     
other provision of law4  7#b7 ,rates    
,section #eedb7;a77#e7 of title #e1     
,united ,states ,code1 is amended by    
inserting 1 the ,national ,weather      
,service1 after ,interior4  #g4         
,research on wildland fire              
communications and information          
dissemination  7a7 ,in general  7#a7    
,public safety research ,not later than 
#fj days after the date of the enactment
 of this ,act1 the ,director1 acting    
through the head of the ,public ,safety 
and ,communications ,research ,division 
and in consultation with the ,fire      
,research ,division and technology      
manufacturers1 shall carry out research 
on the following3  7,a7 ,public safety  
communication coordination standards    
among ,federal1 ,state1 ,tribal1 and    
local wildland firefighters1 fire       
management response officials1 and      
member agencies4  7,b7 ,improving and   
integrating existing communications     

systems to transmit secure real-time    
data1 alerts1 and advisories to and from
 fire management response officials and 
wildland firefighters4  7#b7 ,field     
testing and measurement of information  
dissemination and technology ,the       
,public ,safety and ,communications     
,research ,division1 in consultation    
with the ,fire ,research ,division and  
member agencies1 shall conduct both live
 and virtual field testing of equipment1
 software1 and other technologies to    
determine current times of information  
dissemination and develop standards for 
the delivery of useful and secure       
real-time data among member agencies1   
fire management response officials1 and 
wildland firefighters1 based on findings
 from research under paragraph 7#a74    
7b7 ,recommendations  7#a7 ,in general  
,the ,director shall develop and publish
 recommendations to improve public      
safety communication coordination       
standards among wildland first          
responders and fire management response 

officials4  7#b7 ,transmittal ,the      
,director shall transmit the            
recommendations under paragraph 7#a7 to 
the ,office of ,management and ,budget  
and the ,office of ,science and         
,technology ,policy for member agencies 
to implement4  7#c7 ,reporting          
requirements  7,a7 ,in general ,the     
,director shall submit to the ,committee
 on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of
 the ,house of ,representatives and the 
,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and  
,transportation of the ,senate a report 
containing the recommendations published
 under paragraph 7#a74  7,b7            
,implementation ,not later than #a year 
after the date of the publication of the
 ,director's recommendations under      
paragraph 7#a71 the ,comptroller        
,general of the ,united ,states shall   
submit to the ,committee on ,science1   
,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of
 ,representatives and the ,committee on 
,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation
 of the ,senate a report on the extent  

to which member agencies have           
implemented such recommendations4  7c7  
,definitions ,in this section3  7#a7    
,director ,the term ,director means the 
,director of the ,national ,institute of
 ,standards and ,technology4  7#b7      
,member agency ,the term member agency  
means a member agency of the ,national  
,interagency ,fire ,center1 including   
the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs1 ,bureau
 of ,land ,management1 ,national ,park  
,service1 ,national ,oceanic and        
,atmospheric ,administration1 ,u4,s4    
,fish and ,wildlife ,service1 ,forest   
,service1 ,united ,states ,fire         
,administration1 and the ,department of 
,defense4  7#c7 ,wildland firefighter   
,the term wildland firefighter means any
 person who participates in wildland    
firefighting activities4  7#d7 ,fire    
management response officials ,the term 
fire management response officials means
 regional fire directors1 deputy        
regional fire directors1 agency         
officials who directly oversee fire     

operations1 fire management officers1   
and individuals serving on incident     
management teams4  7#e7 ,technology     
manufacturers ,the term technology      
manufacturers means private sector      
entities that manufacture communications
 technologies used by ,federal1 ,state1 
,tribal1 or local wildland fire         
authorities4  #h4 ,definitions ,in this 
,act3  7#a7 ,fire environment ,the term 
fire environment means-- 7,a7 the       
environmental conditions1 such as soil  
moisture1 vegetation1 topography1       
snowpack1 atmospheric temperature1      
moisture1 and wind1 that influence--    
7i7 fuel and fire behavior2 and  7ii7   
smoke dispersion and transport2 and     
7,b7 the associated environmental       
impacts occurring during and after fire 
events4  7#b7 ,fire weather ,the term   
fire weather means the weather          
conditions that influence the start1    
spread1 character1 or behavior of       
wildfires or fires at the wildland-urban
 interface and relevant meteorological  

and chemical phenomena1 including air   
quality1 smoke1 and meteorological      
parameters such as relative humidity1   
air temperature1 wind speed and         
direction1 and atmospheric composition  
and chemistry1 including emissions and  
mixing heights4