,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #bgig  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,april #i1 #bjbe,ms4  
,/ev5s introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y   
,a ,,bill  ,to e/abli% a commission to  
/udy & develop proposals = exp&+ ! ,h\se
 ( ,repres5tatives1 & = o!r purposes4   
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,h\se ,expansion ,commission ,act4    
#b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,= ne>ly a c5tury1 ! numb] ( memb]s ( !
 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives has be5 set at 
! #aibi cap ( #dce memb]s4  7#b7 ,!     
numb] ( con/itu5ts repres5t$ by ea*     
memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives has   
dramatically increas$ s9ce ! numb] (    
memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 0    
arbitr>ily capp$ 9 #aibi4  7#c7 ,! #aibi
 cap on ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,h\se (    
,repres5tatives 0 in/itut$ :5 ! ,unit$  
,/ates population 0 #abc million4 ,s9ce 
!n1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates population has      
tripl$ to ab\t #cdf million :i* means ! 
av]age congressional di/rict n[         

repres5ts ne>ly #hjj1jjj con/itu5ts1    
accord+ to data f ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus4 
7#d7 ,) curr5t population gr[? e/imates1
 ! av]age congressional di/rict c\ld h  
approximately #hbi1jjj con/itu5ts by    
#bjej4  7#e7 ,a gr[+ movem5t 9          
,congress1 & 9 ?9k tanks1 seeks to      
increase ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,h\se (   
,repres5tatives to increase public      
access to memb]s1 improve div]sity1 &   
enhance ,memb] ability to s]ve _!       
con/itu5ts4  7#f7 ,repres5tative ,e>l   
,blum5au] 7,d-,ore47 introduc$ ,h\se    
bill #fbb1 ! ,re/or+ ,equal &           
,acc\ntable ,legislators 9 ! ,h\se ,act1
 9 ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,eighte5? ,congress1   
:i* w\ld add #aej seats to ! ,h\se (    
,repres5tatives1 increas+ x to #ehe     
memb]s4  #c4 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is        
e/abli%$ a commission to be kn[n z !    
,u4,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives          
,expansion ,commission 79 ?is ,act      
ref]r$ to z ! ,commission74  #d4 ,duties
 ( commission  7a7 ,/udy ,! ,commission 
%all /udy-- 7#a7 ! curr5t size ( !      

memb]%ip ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives    
consid]+-- 7,a7 ! correlation betwe5 !  
curr5t size ( ! ,h\se & fair            
repres5tation & efficacy2 &  7,b7 :e!r  
an exp&$ ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives c bett]
 s]ve ,congress' core ,article #a       
function2  7#b7 ! option ( a "o-"t      
expansion comp>$ to ! feasibility (     
recurr+ expansions2  7#c7 ! s call$     
,cube ,root ,law1 ,wyom+ ,rule1 & o!r   
relevant me?ods to increase ! size ( !  
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2  7#d7 ! co/    
implications & practical *all5ges to !  
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives associat$ )     
exp&+ ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,h\se (      
,repres5tatives includ+ ! logi/ics =--  
7,a7 (fices & meet+ spaces2  7,b7       
congressional support entities2  7,c7   
hir+ congressional /aff2  7,d7 vot+ by  
memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2     
7,e7 ,h\se adm9i/ration (fices2 &  7,f7 
fund+2  7#e7 h[ c\ntries ) simil>       
legislative /ructures exp&$ _!          
legislative bodies & ! outcomes ( su*   
expansions2  7#f7 ! hi/orical context ( 

! la/ "t ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,h\se (   
,repres5tatives 0 *ang$ & key           
motivations beh9d ! am5dm5ts made by !  
,act entitl$ ,an ,act to provide = !    
fifte5? & subsequ5t dec5nial c5sus & to 
provide = apportionm5t ( ,repres5tatives
 9 ,congress1 approv$ ,june #ah1 #aibi  
7#b ,u4,s4,c4 #b;a72  7#g7 :e!r an exp&$
 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives c bett] ex]cise
 ! p[]s ve/$ 9 ,article ,i ( !          
,con/itution2  7#h7 h[ exp&+ ! numb] (  
memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives may  
affect di/rict size v>iance across      
,/ates & impact und]repres5t$           
con/itu5cies2 &  7#i7 ! pot5tial effects
 ( an exp&$ ,h\se ( ,repres5tative on ! 
ability ( ! ,h\se to enact laws4  7b7   
,consultation ,9 conduct+ ! /udy "u     
subsection 7a71 ! ,commission %all      
consult ) ! ,ar*itect ( ! ,capitol1 !   
,adm9i/rator ( ,g5]al ,s]vices1 !       
,s]geant at ,arms ( ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives1 ! ,*ief ,adm9i/rative  
,(fic] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 !   
,cl]k ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & su*

 o!r p]sons z ! ,commission consid]s    
appropriate4  7c7 ,report & proposals ,n
 lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! fir/ meet+ ( ! 
,commission1 ! ,commission %all submit  
to ! ,presid5t & to ! ,congress a report
 ( ! /udy ( ! ,commission1 & %all       
include 9 ! report proposals bas$ on su*
 /udy =-- 7#a7 exp&+ ! size ( ! memb]%ip
 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2  7#b7     
pot5tial ways to exp& ! ,h\se (         
,repres5tatives to bol/] ! key role ( ! 
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 9 repres5t+ !   
,am]ican p 9 ,congress2 &  7#c7         
solutions to any id5tifi$ *all5ges t may
 arise f su* expansion4  #e4 ,memb]%ip  
7a7 ,numb] & appo9tm5t ,! ,commission   
%all be compos$ ( #ac memb]s :o are n   
,memb]s ( ,congress at ! "t ( appo9tm5t1
 & :o %all be appo9t$ n lat] ?an #ij    
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 z foll[s3 7#a7 #e memb]s appo9t$  
by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se (                
,repres5tatives4  7#b7 #e memb]s appo9t$
 by ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,h\se (         
,repres5tatives4  7#c7 #a individual1   

appo9t$ by ! majority lead] ( ! ,s5ate1 
:o previ\sly s]v$ 9 ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives4  7#d7 #a individual1   
appo9t$ by ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,s5ate1  
:o previ\sly s]v$ 9 ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives4  7#e7 #a memb] appo9t$ 
by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives
 & ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives to s]ve z ,*airp]son ( !
 ,commission4  7b7 ,t]ms  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,ea* memb] %all be appo9t$ = ! life ( ! 
,commission4  7#b7 ,vacancies ,a vacancy
 9 ! ,commission %all be fill$ 9 ! mann]
 9 :i* ! orig9al appo9tm5t 0 made4  7#c7
 ,priority ,9 mak+ appo9tm5ts "u ?is    
section1 ! appo9t+ au?orities %all seek 
to appo9t individuals :o are p>ticul>ly 
qualifi$ to p]=m ! functions ( !        
,commission1 by reason ( ei!r practical 
exp]i5ce or academic exp]tise 9         
politics1 gov]nm5t1 ma!matics1 or       
/ati/ics4  7c7 ,basic pay  7#a7 ,rates (
 pay ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 
,memb]s %all s]ve )\t pay4  7#b7 ,travel
 exp5ses ,ea* memb] %all receive travel 

exp5ses1 includ+ p] diem 9 lieu (       
subsi/5ce1 9 accordance ) applicable    
provisions "u sub*apt] ,i ( *apt] #eg ( 
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7d7     
,quorum #g memb]s ( ! ,commission %all  
con/itute a quorum1 b a less] numb] may 
hold he>+s4  7e7 ,meet+s ,! ,commission 
%all meet at ! call ( ! ,*airp]son or a 
majority ( its memb]s4  #f4 ,p]sonnel ( 
,commission  7a7 ,director ,!           
,commission %all h a ,director :o %all  
be appo9t$ by a majority vote ( !       
,commission4 ,to ! ext5t or 9 ! am\nts  
provid$ 9 advance 9 appropriation ,acts1
 ! ,director %all be paid at a rate n to
 exce$ ! rate ( basic pay = level ,,iv (
 ! ,executive ,s*$ule4  7b7 ,/aff ,!    
,director1 ) ! approval ( ! ,commission1
 & ! ,commission may appo9t su* p]sonnel
 z may be necess>y to enable !          
,commission to c>ry out its duties1 )\t 
reg>d to ! provisions ( title #e1 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,code1 gov]n+ appo9tm5ts 9 !    
competitive s]vice1 & )\t reg>d to !    
provisions ( *apt] #ea & sub*apt] ,,iii 

( *apt] #ec ( su* title relat+ to       
classification & ,g5]al ,s*$ule pay     
rates1 except t no rate ( pay fix$ "u   
?is subsection may exce$-- 7#a7 !       
equival5t ( t payable to a p]son occupy+
 a position at level ,,iv ( ! ,executive
 ,s*$ule1 9 ! case ( an employee appo9t$
 by ! ,director2 &  7#b7 ! equival5t ( t
 payable to a p]son occupy+ a position  
at level ,v ( ! ,executive ,s*$ule1 9 ! 
case ( an employee appo9t$ by !         
,commission4  7c7 ,exp]ts & consultants 
,) ! approval ( ! ,commission1 !        
,director may procure tempor>y &        
int]mitt5t s]vices "u section #caji7;b7 
( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7d7   
,detail ( gov]nm5t employees ,^u !      
reque/ ( ! ,commission1 ! head ( any    
,f$]al ag5cy may detail1 )\t            
reimbursem5t1 any ( ! p]sonnel ( su*    
ag5cy to ! ,commission to assi/ 9 c>ry+ 
out ! duties ( ! ,commission4 ,any su*  
detail %all n int]rupt or o!rwise affect
 ! civil s]vice /atus or privileges ( ! 
p]sonnel4  #g4 ,p[]s ( ,commission  7a7 

,he>+s & sessions ,! ,commission may1 = 
! purpose ( c>ry+ out ?is ,act1 hold    
he>+s1 sit & act at times & places1 take
 te/imony1 & receive evid5ce z !        
,commission consid]s appropriate4  7b7  
,p[]s ( memb]s & gr\ps ( memb]s ,any    
memb] or gr\p ( memb]s may1 if au?oriz$ 
by ! ,commission1 take any action :i* ! 
,commission is au?oriz$ to take by ?is  
section4  7c7 ,obta9+ (ficial data ,!   
,commission may secure directly f any   
,f$]al ag5cy in=mation necess>y to      
enable x to c>ry out its duties1 if !   
in=mation may be disclos$ "u section    
#eeb ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4   
,^u reque/ ( ! ,*airp]son ( !           
,commission1 ! head ( su* ag5cy %all    
furni% su* in=mation to ! ,commission4  
7d7 ,adm9i/rative support s]vices ,^u ! 
reque/ ( ! ,commission1 ! ,adm9i/rator (
 ,g5]al ,s]vices %all provide to !      
,commission1 on a reimbursable basis1 ! 
adm9i/rative support s]vices necess>y = 
! ,commission to c>ry out its           
responsibilities "u ?is ,act4  7e7      

,volunte] s]vices ,not)/&+ #acdb ( title
 #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! ,commission
 may accept & use volunt>y & uncomp5sat$
 s]vices z ! ,commission det]m9es       
necess>y4  7f7 ,po/al s]vice ,!         
,commission may use ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
mails 9 ! same mann] & "u ! same        
conditions z dep>tm5ts & ag5cies ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates4  7g7 ,contract au?ority  
,! ,commission may ent] into contracts =
 ! acquisition ( adm9i/rative supplies &
 equipm5t = use by ! ,commission1 to !  
ext5t t funds are available = su*       
purpose4  #h4 ,t]m9ation ,! ,commission 
%all t]m9ate #ij days aft] submitt+ !   
report "u section #d7;c74  #i4          
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re is  
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ su* sums z   
may be necess>y to c>ry out ?is ,act4