,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #bfcc  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,april #c1 #bjbe,mr4  
,jackson ( ,texas 7= himself & ,mr4     
,james7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee  
on ! ,judici>y1 = a p]iod to be         
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to require a full  
review ( ! bilat]al relation%ip betwe5 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & ,s\? ,africa & id5tify 
,s\? ,african gov]nm5t (ficials & ,,anc 
lead]s eligible = ! imposition (        
sanctions1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,u4,s4-,s\? ,africa ,bilat]al ,relations
 ,review ,act ( #bjbe4  #b4 ,f9d+s      
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! actions
 ( factions )9 ! ,african ,national     
,congress 7,,anc71 ! political p>ty t   
s9ce #aiid has held a gov]n+ majority & 
controll$ ,s\? ,africa's executive      

bran*1 are inconsi/5t ) ! ,s\? ,african 
,gov]nm5t's publicly /at$ policy (      
nonalignm5t 9 int]national affairs4     
7#b7 ,! ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t has a   
hi/ory ( sid+ ) malign actors1 includ+  
,hamas1 a ,unit$ ,/ates designat$ ,=eign
 ,t]rori/ ,organization & a proxy ( !   
,iranian regime1 & cont9ues to pursue   
clos] ties ) ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a    
7,,prc7 & ! ,russian ,f$]ation4  7#c7 ,!
 ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t's support (    
,hamas dates back to #aiid1 :5 ! ,,anc  
fir/ came into p[]1 tak+ a h>dl9e /ance 
( consi/5tly accus+ ,israel ( practic+  
ap>!id4  7#d7 ,foll[+ ! unprovok$ &     
unprec$5t$ horr5d\s attack by ,hamas on 
,israel on ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1 :]e ,hamas
 t]rori/s kill$ & kidnapp$ hundr$s (    
,israelis1 memb]s ( ! ,s\? ,african     
,gov]nm5t & lead]s ( ! ,,anc h deliv]$ a
 v>iety ( antisemitic &                 
anti-,israel-relat$ /atem5ts & actions1 
includ+-- 7,a7 on ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1    
,s\? ,africa's ,=eign ,m9i/ry releas$ a 
/atem5t express+ conc]n ( escalat+      

viol5ce1 urg+ ,israel's re/ra9t 9       
response1 & implicitly blam+ ,israel =  
provok+ ! attack ?r\gh cont9u$ illegal  
occupation ( ,pale/9e l&1 cont9u$       
settlem5t expansion1 desecration ( ! ,al
 ,aqsa ,mosque & ,*ri/ian holy sites1 & 
ongo+ oppression ( ! ,pale/9ian p2  7,b7
 on ,octob] #h1 #bjbc1 ! ,,anc's        
national spokesp]son1 ,mahl5gi          
,bh5gu-,motsiri1 said ( ! deva/at+      
,hamas attack1 ! decision by ,pale/9ians
 to respond to ! brutality ( ! settl]   
,israeli ap>!id regime is unsurpris+2   
7,c7 on ,octob] #ad1 #bjbc1 ,presid5t   
,cyril ,ramaphosa ( ,s\? ,africa1 accus$
 ,israel ( g5ocide 9 /atem5ts dur+ a    
pro-,pale/9ian rally2  7,d7 on ,octob]  
#ag1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign ,m9i/] 
,nal$i ,p&or accept$ a call ) ,hamas    
lead] ,ismail ,haniyeh2  7,e7 on ,octob]
 #bb1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign ,m9i/]
 ,nal$i ,p&or visit$ ,tehran & met )    
,presid5t ,raisi ( ! ,islamic ,republic 
( ,iran1 :i* is actively fund+ ,hamas2  
7,f7 on ,novemb] #g1 #bjbc1 9 a         

p>liam5t>y address1 ,=eign ,m9i/] ,p&or 
call$ = ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt  
to issue an imm$iate arre/ w>rant *>g+  
,israeli ,prime ,m9i/] ,b5jam9          
,netanyahu ) violations ( int]national  
crim9al law2  7,g7 on ,novemb] #ag1     
#bjbc1 ,s\? ,africa1 along ) #d o!r     
c\ntries1 submitt$ a jo9t reque/ to !   
,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt = an       
inve/igation into alleg$ w> crimes be+  
committ$ 9 ! ,pale/9ian t]ritories2     
7,h7 on ,decemb] #e1 #bjbc1 ! ,,anc ho/$
 #c memb]s ( ,hamas 9 ,pretoria1 includ+
 ,khal$ ,qadd\mi1 ,hamas's repres5tative
 to ,iran1 & ,bassem ,naim1 a memb] (   
,hamas's political bureau 9 ,gaza2  7,i7
 on ,decemb] #bi1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,africa   
fil$ a politically motivat$ suit 9 !    
,int]national ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice wrongfully
 accus+ ,israel ( committ+ g5ocide2     
7,j7 9 ,m>* #bjbd1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign 
,m9i/] ,p&or 0 quot$ say+ ,s\? ,africa w
 arre/ ,israeli-,s\? ,africans :o are   
fight+ 9 ! ,israeli ,def5se ,=ces ^u _! 
return home & c\ld /rip !m ( _! ,s\?    

,african citiz5%ip4 ,m9i/] ,p&or also   
implicitly enc\rag$ prote/s outside ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,embassy2  7,k7 on ,octob]
 #g1 #bjbd1 ! ,,anc commemorat$ only !  
,pale/9ian lives lo/ to ,israel1 :ile   
accus+ ,israel ( g5ocide2  7,l7 9       
,octob] #bjbd1 ,s\? ,africa fil$ its    
,memorial to ! ,int]national ,c\rt (    
,ju/ice1 accus+ ,israel ( g5ocidal      
actions to depopulate ,gaza ?r\gh mass  
dea? & displacem5t2  7,m7 9 ,novemb]    
#bjbd1 ,s\? ,africa appo9t$ ,ebrahim    
,rasool z _! ,ambassador to ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 :o previ\sly ho/$ s5ior ,hamas  
(ficials to ,s\? ,africa :5 he 0 !      
,premi] ( ! ,we/]n ,cape &1 9 #bjbj1 0 a
 speak] at an annual ev5t ho/$ by !     
,iranian regime to celebrate            
,hezbollah's resi/ance aga9/ ,israel2 & 
7,n7 ! ,,anc's ongo+ attempt to r5ame ! 
/reet t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,consulate 9    
,johannesburg is locat$ on z ,leila     
,khal$ ,drive1 includ+ a quote f ,,anc  
fir/ ,deputy ,secret>y ,g5]al ,nomvula  
,mokonyane say+ we want ! ,unit$ ,/ates 

( ,am]ica embassy to *ange _! lett]head 
to ,numb] #a ,leila ,khal$ ,drive4  7#e7
 ,! ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t & ! ,,anc h 
ma9ta9$ close relations ) ! ,russian    
,f$]ation1 :i* has be5 accus$ (         
p]petrat+ w> crimes 9 ,ukra9e &         
indiscrim9ately und]m9es human rights4  
,s\? ,africa's robu/ relation%ip )      
,russia spans ! milit>y & political     
space1 includ+-- 7,a7 all[+ a ,unit$    
,/ates-sanction$ ,russian c>go %ip1 !   
,lady ,r1 to dock & transf] arms at a   
,s\? ,african naval base 9 ,decemb]     
#bjbb2  7,b7 ho/+ (f%ore naval ex]cises1
 entitl$ ,op]ation ,mosi ,,ii1 c>ri$ out
 jo9tly ) ! ,,prc & ,russia1 betwe5     
,febru>y #ag & #bg1 #bjbc1 correspond+ )
 ! #a-ye> anniv]s>y ( ,russia's         
unju/ifi$ & unprovok$ invasion (        
,ukra9e2  7,c7 au?oriz+ a ,unit$        
,/ates-sanction$ ,russian milit>y c>go  
airplane to l& at a ,s\? ,african ,air  
,=ce ,base2  7,d7 r5eg+ on its initial  
call = ! ,russian ,f$]ation to          
imm$iately )draw its =ces f ,ukra9e &   

actively seek+ improv$ relations )      
,mosc[ s9ce ,febru>y #bjbb2  7,e7       
dispat*+ multiple high-level (ficial    
delegations to ,russia to fur!r         
political1 intellig5ce1 & milit>y       
coop]ation2  7,f7 ,unit$ ,/ates         
sanction$ olig>* ,viktor ,vekselb]g     
donat+ #hbf1jjj to ! ,,anc 9 #bjbb2 &   
7,g7 ! ,,anc publi%+ an article 9 _!    
newspap]1 ,,anc ,today1 9 ,octob] #bjbd 
promot+ ,russian propag&a ab\t ! w> 9   
,ukra9e4  7#f7 ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t  
int]actions ) ! ,,prc ,gov]nm5t & ,,anc 
int]actions ) ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty  
7,,ccp71 :o are committ+ gross          
violations ( human rights 9 ! ,x9jiang  
prov9ce & implem5t economically co]cive 
tactics ar\nd ! globe1 und]m9e ,s\?     
,africa's democratic con/itutional sy/em
 ( gov]nance1 z exemplifi$ 9-- 7,a7     
ongo+ ,,anc & ,,ccp int]-p>ty           
coop]ation1 especially ) ! fundam5tal   
incompatibility betwe5 ! civil &        
democratic rights gu>ante$ 9 ,s\?       
,africa's ,con/itution & ! ,,ccp's r\t9e

 suppression ( free expression &        
individual rights2  7,b7 all[+ ! private
 ,te/ ,fly+ ,academy ( ,s\? ,africa1 :i*
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce add$ to !       
,entity ,li/ on ,june #ab1 #bjbc1 to    
recruit =m] ,unit$ ,/ates & ,,nato      
fight] pilots to tra9 ,*9ese ,p's       
,lib]ation ,army pilots2  7,c7 ,s\?     
,africa's ho/+ ( #f ,,prc               
,gov]nm5t-back$ & ,,ccp-l9k$ ,confucius 
,in/itutes1 a type ( entity t a ,,ccp   
(ficial *>act]iz$ z an important "p ( ! 
,,ccp's ext]nal propag&a /ructure1 ! mo/
 ( any c\ntry 9 ,africa2  7,d7 ,s\?     
,african ,gov]nm5t support =1 & ,,anc   
p>ticipation 91 a political tra9+ s*ool 
op5$ 9 ,tanzania fund$ by ! ,*9ese      
,communi/ ,p>ty :]e x tra9s political   
memb]s ( ! rul+ lib]ation movem5ts 9 #f 
,s\!rn ,african c\ntries4 ,! s*ool      
in/ills ,,ccp ideology into !           
next-g5]ation ( ,african lead]s &       
attempts to export ! ,,ccp's sy/em (    
p>ty-run au?orit>ian gov]nance to !     
,african cont95t2  7,e7 coop]ation ) !  

,,prc "u ! ,,prc's global ,belt & ,road 
,initiative :i*1 :ile trade &           
infra/ructure-focus$1 is design$ to exp&
 ,,prc global economic1 political1 &    
security sector-relat$ influ5ce2  7,f7 !
 widespread pres5ce 9 ,s\? ,africa's    
m$ia & te*nology sectors ( ,,prc /ate   
l9k$ firms t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has        
re/rict$ due to ?reats to national      
security1 includ+ ,huawei ,te*nologies1 
,,zte & ,hikvision1 :i* place ,s\?      
,african sov]eignty at risk & facilitate
 ! ,,ccp's export ( its model (         
digitally aid$ au?orit>ian gov]nance    
und]p9n$ by cyb] controls1 social       
monitor+1 propag&a1 & surveillance2 &   
7,g7 ! ,s\? ,african gov]nm5t's cle>    
appeasem5t to ! ,,ccp 9 dem&+ t ,taiwan 
relocate its repres5tative (fice out (  
,pretoria & d[ngrade its /atus to t ( a 
trade (fice4  7#g7 ,! ,,anc-l$ ,s\?     
,african ,gov]nm5t has a hi/ory (       
sub/antially mismanag+ a range ( /ate   
res\rces & has (t5 prov5 incapable (    
effectively deliv]+ public s]vices1     

?reat5+ ! ,s\? ,african p & ! ,s\?      
,african economy1 z illu/rat$ by-- 7,a7 
,presid5t ,cyril ,ramaphosa's ,febru>y  
#i1 #bjbc1 decl>ation ( a national /ate 
( disa/] ov] ! wors5+1 multi-ye> p[]    
crisis caus$ by ! ,,anc's *ronic        
mismanagem5t ( ! /ate-own$ p[] company  
,eskom1 result+ f endemic1 high-level   
corruption2  7,b7 ! p]si/5ce ( ,s\?     
,african /ate-own$ railway company      
,transnet's insuffici5t capacity1 :i*   
has disrupt$ rail op]ations & h9d]$ m9+ 
companies' export ( iron ore1 coal1 &   
o!r commodities1 9 "p due to malfeasance
 & corruption by =m] ,transnet (ficials2
  7,c7 outbreaks ( *ol]a 9 #bjbc &      
#bjbd1 ! wor/ 9 #ae ye>s1 :i* 7 due 9 "p
 to ! ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t's disease 
prev5tion failures1 z ,presid5t         
,ramaphosa admitt$ on ,june #i1 #bjbc1  
includ+ a failure to provide clean wat] 
to h\seholds2 &  7,d7 rampant /ate      
capture1 t em]g$ & grew dur+ !          
adm9i/ration ( =m] ,presid5t ,jacob     
,zuma & has damag$ ,s\? ,africa's       

int]national /&+ & pr(\ndly und]m9$ !   
rule ( law1 cont9ues to negatively      
impact ! economic developm5t prospects &
 liv+ /&>ds ( ! ,s\? ,african p :ile    
deeply damag+ public tru/ 9 /ate        
gov]nance4  7#h7 ,9 ,novemb] #bjbd1 ,s\?
 ,africa appo9t$ ,ebrahim ,rasool z     
,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,rasool 
_h previ\sly made public comm5ts        
describ+ ,presid5t ,trump z extreme & 9 
,m>* #bjbe1 ,rasool *>act]iz$ ,presid5t 
,trump z a :ite supremaci/4 ,secret>y ( 
,/ate ,m>co ,rubio subsequ5tly decl>$   
,rasool z p]sona non grata 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !  
s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 x is 9 !      
national security int]e/ ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates to det] /rategic political &     
security coop]ation & in=mation %>+ ) ! 
,,prc & ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 p>ticul>ly
 any =m ( coop]ation t may aid or abet  
,russia's w> ( aggression on ,ukra9e or 
its int]national /&+ or influ5ce2 &     
7#b7 ! ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t's =eign  
policy actions h long ceas$ to reflect  

its /at$ /ance ( nonalignm5t1 & n[      
directly favor ! ,,prc1 ! ,russian      
,f$]ation1 & ,hamas1 a kn[n proxy (     
,iran1 & !reby und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates    
national security & =eign policy        
int]e/s4  #d4 ,presid5tial c]tification 
( det]m9ation ) respect to ,s\? ,africa 
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !          
,presid5t1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y 
( ,/ate & ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 %all   
c]tify to ! appropriate congressional   
committees & release publicly an        
unclassifi$ det]m9ation explicitly /at+ 
:e!r ,s\? ,africa has engag$ 9          
activities t und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates      
national security or =eign policy       
int]e/s4  7b7 ,accompany+ report ,!     
c]tification requir$ by subsection 7a7  
%all be accompani$ by an unclassifi$    
report submitt$ to ! appropriate        
congressional committees1 ) a classifi$ 
annex if necess>y1 provid+ !            
ju/ification = ! det]m9ation4  #e4 ,full
 review ( ! bilat]al relation%ip  7a7   

,bilat]al relation%ip review ,!         
,presid5t1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y 
( ,/ate1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,trade ,repres5tative1 & ! heads
 ( o!r ,f$]al dep>tm5ts & ag5cies t play
 a sub/antial role 9 ,unit$ ,/ates      
relations ) ,s\? ,africa1 %all conduct a
 compreh5sive review ( ! bilat]al       
relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &    
,s\? ,africa4  7b7 ,report on f9d+s ,n  
lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t %all   
submit to ! appropriate congressional   
committees a report t includes ! f9d+s (
 ! review requir$ by subsection 7a74    
#f4 ,report on sanctionable p]sons ,n   
lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t1 9     
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !  
,secret>y ( ,treasury1 %all submit to ! 
appropriate congressional committees a  
classifi$ report t includes-- 7#a7 a li/
 ( s5ior ,s\? ,african gov]nm5t (ficials
 & ,,anc lead]s ! ,presid5t det]m9es h  
engag$ 9 corruption or human rights     

abuses t w\ld be suffici5t1 bas$ on     
cr$ible evid5ce1 to meet ! crit]ia = !  
imposition ( sanctions pursuant to !    
au?orities provid$ by ! ,global         
,magnitsky ,human ,rights ,acc\ntability
 ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja et seq472 & 
7#b7 ) respect to ea* p]son id5tifi$    
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 a      
detail$ explanation describ+ ! conduct  
=m+ ! basis ( ! p]son's inclusion on !  
li/2 &  7,b7 7i7 ! expect$ timel9e =    
sanctions describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 to be
 impos$ ) respect to su* p]son2 or  7ii7
 if ! ,presid5t does n int5d to impose  
sanctions ) respect to su* p]son1 a     
detail$ ju/ification describ+ !         
rationale & legal au?orities und]ly+ su*
 negative det]m9ation4  #g4 ,def9itions 
7a7 ,,anc ,! t]m ,,anc means ! ,african 
,national ,congress4  7b7 ,appropriate  
congressional committees ,! t]m         
appropriate congressional committees    
means-- 7#a7 ! ,committee on ,=eign     
,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & 
7#b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations (

 ! ,s5ate4  7c7 ,,ccp ,! t]m ,,ccp means
 ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty4  7d7 ,,prc ,!
 t]m ,,prc means ! ,p's ,republic (     
,*9a4