,i #aai? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #ad ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,m>* #e1 #bjbe,ms4 ,sewell 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ,ms4 ,cl>k ( ,massa*usetts1 ,mr4 ,aguil>1 ,mr4 ,lieu1 ,mr4 ,neguse1 ,ms4 ,cl>ke ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1 ,ms4 ,m5g1 ,mr4 ,rask91 ,mr4 ,morelle1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,mr4 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1 ,ms4 ,williams ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,figures1 ,ms4 ,adams1 ,mr4 ,amo1 ,ms4 ,ans>i1 ,mr4 ,au*9closs1 ,ms4 ,bal9t1 ,ms4 ,b>ragn1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1 ,mr4 ,bell1 ,mr4 ,b]a1 ,mr4 ,bey]1 ,mr4 ,bi%op1 ,ms4 ,bonamici1 ,mr4 ,boyle ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,br[n1 ,ms4 ,br[nley1 ,ms4 ,budz9ski1 ,ms4 ,bynum1 ,mr4 ,c>bajal1 ,mr4 ,c>son1 ,mr4 ,c>t] ( ,l\isiana1 ,mr4 ,cas>1 ,mr4 ,case1 ,mr4 ,ca/51 ,ms4 ,ca/or ( ,florida1 ,mr4 ,ca/ro ( ,texas1 ,mrs4 ,*]filus-,mc,cormick1 ,ms4 ,*u1 ,mr4 ,cisn]os1 ,mr4 ,cleav]1 ,mr4 ,clyburn1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4 ,conaway1 ,mr4 ,connolly1 ,mr4 ,correa1 ,mr4 ,co/a1 ,mr4 ,c\rtney1 ,ms4 ,craig1 ,ms4 ,crockett1 ,mr4 ,cr[1 ,mr4 ,cuell>1 ,ms4 ,davids ( ,kansas1 ,mr4 ,davis ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,davis ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ms4 ,dean ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,de,gette1 ,ms4 ,de,lauro1 ,ms4 ,del,bene1 ,mr4 ,deluzio1 ,mr4 ,de,saulnier1 ,ms4 ,dext]1 ,mrs4 ,d+ell1 ,mr4 ,doggett1 ,ms4 ,elfre?1 ,ms4 ,escob>1 ,mr4 ,evans ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,fields1 ,mrs4 ,flet*]1 ,mr4 ,fo/]1 ,mrs4 ,f\%ee1 ,ms4 ,lois ,frankel ( ,florida1 ,ms4 ,fri$man1 ,mr4 ,fro/1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1 ,mr4 ,g>ca ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,g>cia ( ,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,g>cia ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,gill51 ,mr4 ,gold5 ( ,ma9e1 ,mr4 ,goldman ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,gomez1 ,mr4 ,vic5te ,gonzalez ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,goodl&]1 ,mr4 ,got!im]1 ,mr4 ,gray1 ,mr4 ,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,grijalva1 ,mr4 ,h>d] ( ,cali=nia1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4 ,h]nndez1 ,mr4 ,himes1 ,mr4 ,hors=d1 ,ms4 ,h\lahan1 ,mr4 ,hoy]1 ,ms4 ,hoyle ( ,oregon1 ,mr4 ,huffman1 ,mr4 ,ivey1 ,mr4 ,jackson ( ,ill9ois1 ,ms4 ,jacobs1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,johnson ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,kamlag]-,dove1 ,ms4 ,kaptur1 ,mr4 ,keat+1 ,ms4 ,kelly ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,k5n$y ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,khanna1 ,mr4 ,kri%namoor?i1 ,mr4 ,l&sman1 ,mr4 ,l>s5 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,l>son ( ,connecticut1 ,mr4 ,latim]1 ,ms4 ,lee ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,lee ( ,nevada1 ,ms4 ,leg] ,f]n&ez1 ,mr4 ,lev91 ,mr4 ,licc>do1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51 ,mr4 ,lyn*1 ,mr4 ,magaz9]1 ,mr4 ,mannion1 ,ms4 ,matsui1 ,mrs4 ,mc,bath1 ,ms4 ,mc,bride1 ,mrs4 ,mc,clain ,delaney1 ,ms4 ,mc,clellan1 ,ms4 ,mc,collum1 ,ms4 ,mc,donald ,rivet1 ,mr4 ,mc,garvey1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1 ,mrs4 ,mc,iver1 ,mr4 ,meeks1 ,mr4 ,m55dez1 ,mr4 ,mfume1 ,mr4 ,m91 ,ms4 ,moore ( ,wiscons91 ,ms4 ,morrison1 ,mr4 ,mosk[itz1 ,mr4 ,m\lton1 ,mr4 ,mrvan1 ,mr4 ,mull91 ,mr4 ,nadl]1 ,mr4 ,neal1 ,mr4 ,norcross1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,ms4 ,ocasio-,cortez1 ,mr4 ,olszewski1 ,ms4 ,om>1 ,mr4 ,pallone1 ,mr4 ,panetta1 ,mr4 ,pappas1 ,ms4 ,pelosi1 ,ms4 ,p]ez1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1 ,ms4 ,pett]s51 ,ms4 ,p+ree1 ,ms4 ,plaskett1 ,mr4 ,pocan1 ,ms4 ,p\1 ,ms4 ,pressley1 ,mr4 ,quigley1 ,mrs4 ,ramirez1 ,ms4 ,r&all1 ,mr4 ,riley ( ,new ,york1 ,ms4 ,rivas1 ,ms4 ,ross1 ,mr4 ,ruiz1 ,mr4 ,ryan1 ,ms4 ,sal9as1 ,ms4 ,sn*ez1 ,ms4 ,scanlon1 ,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,mr4 ,s*neid]1 ,ms4 ,s*olt51 ,ms4 ,s*ri]1 ,mr4 ,david ,scott ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,%]man1 ,ms4 ,%]rill1 ,ms4 ,simon1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,sor5s51 ,mr4 ,soto1 ,ms4 ,/ansbury1 ,mr4 ,/anton1 ,ms4 ,/ev5s1 ,ms4 ,/rickl&1 ,mr4 ,subramanyam1 ,mr4 ,suozzi1 ,mr4 ,swalwell1 ,mrs4 ,sykes1 ,mr4 ,takano1 ,mr4 ,?an$>1 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,mississippi1 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,titus1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,ms4 ,tokuda1 ,mr4 ,tonko1 ,mrs4 ,torres ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,torres ( ,new ,york1 ,mrs4 ,trahan1 ,mr4 ,tran1 ,ms4 ,und]wood1 ,mr4 ,v>gas1 ,mr4 ,vasquez1 ,ms4 ,velzquez1 ,mr4 ,v9dman1 ,ms4 ,wass]man ,s*ultz1 ,ms4 ,wat]s1 ,mrs4 ,watson ,coleman1 ,mr4 ,:itesides1 & ,ms4 ,wilson ( ,florida7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to am5d ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife to revise ! crit]ia = det]m9+ :i* ,/ates & political subdivisions are subject to section #d ( ! ,act1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,john ,r4 ,lewis ,vot+ ,rights ,advancem5t ,act ( #bjbe4 #b4 ,vote dilution1 d5ial1 & abridgm5t claims 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #b7;a7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ aft] appli$ by any ,/ate or political subdivision ! foll[+3 = ! purpose (1 or2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ z provid$ 9 subsection 7b7 & ins]t+ z provid$ 9 subsection 7b71 7c71 7d71 or 7f74 7b7 ,vote dilution ,section #b7;b7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ aft] ,a violation ( subsection 7a7 ! foll[+3 = vote dilution2 7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] ! p]iod at ! end ! foll[+3 ,= ! purposes ( ?is subsection32 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new p>agraphs3 7#a7 ,to prevail 9 demon/rat+ t a repres5tational1 di/rict+1 or apportionm5t s*eme results 9 vote dilution1 a pla9tiff %all1 z a ?re%old matt]1 e/abli% t-- 7,a7 ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class are suffici5tly num]\s & geographically compact to con/itute a majority 9 a s+le-memb] di/rict2 7,b7 ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class are politically cohesive2 & 7,c7 ! resid5ts ( t di/rict :o are n ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class usually vote suffici5tly z a bloc to enable !m to defeat ! pref]r$ c&idates ( ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class4 7#b7 ,^u a pla9tiff e/abli%+ ! requir$ ?re%old %[+ "u p>agraph 7#a71 a c\rt %all conduct a totality ( ! circum/ances analysis ) respect to a claim ( vote dilution to det]m9e :e!r !re 0 a violation ( subsection 7a71 :i* %all include ! foll[+ factors3 7,a7 ,! ext5t ( any hi/ory ( (ficial vot+ discrim9ation 9 ! ,/ate or political subdivision t affect$ ! "r ( memb]s ( ! protect$ class to regi/]1 to vote1 or o!rwise to p>ticipate 9 ! political process4 7,b7 ,! ext5t to :i* vot+ 9 ! elections ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision is racially pol>iz$4 7,c7 ,! ext5t to :i* ! ,/ate or political subdivision has us$ vot+ practices or proc$ures t t5d to enhance ! opportunity = discrim9ation aga9/ ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class1 su* z unusually l>ge election di/ricts1 majority vote requirem5ts1 anti-s+le %ot provisions1 or o!r qualifications1 pr]equisites1 /&>ds1 practices1 or proc$ures t may enhance ! opportunity = discrim9ation aga9/ ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class4 7,d7 ,if !re is a c&idate slat+ process1 :e!r ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class h be5 d5i$ access to t process4 7,e7 ,! ext5t to :i* memb]s ( ! protect$ class 9 ! ,/ate or political subdivision be> ! effects ( discrim9ation1 bo? public or private1 9 su* areas z education1 employm5t1 heal?1 h\s+1 & transportation1 :i* h9d] _! ability to p>ticipate effectively 9 ! political process4 7,f7 ,:e!r political campaigns h be5 *>act]iz$ by ov]t or subtle racial appeals4 7,g7 ,! ext5t to :i* memb]s ( ! protect$ class h be5 elect$ to public (fice 9 ! jurisdiction4 7#c7 ,9 conduct+ a totality ( ! circum/ances analysis "u p>agraph 7#b71 a c\rt may consid] su* o!r factors z ! c\rt may det]m9e to be relevant1 includ+-- 7,a7 :e!r !re is a significant lack ( responsiv5ess on ! "p ( elect$ (ficials to ! p>ticul>iz$ ne$s ( ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class1 includ+ a lack ( conc]n = or responsiv5ess to ! reque/s & proposals ( ! memb]s ( ! protect$ class1 except t compliance ) a c\rt ord] may n be consid]$ evid5ce ( responsiv5ess on ! "p ( ! jurisdiction2 & 7,b7 :e!r ! policy und]ly+ ! ,/ate or political subdivision's use ( su* vot+ qualification1 pr]equisite to vot+1 or /&>d1 practice or proc$ure is t5u\s4 ,9 mak+ ?is det]m9ation1 a c\rt %all consid] :e!r ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure 9 "q 0 design$ to advance & mat]ially advances a valid & sub/antiat$ ,/ate int]e/4 7#d7 ,a class ( citiz5s protect$ by subsection 7a7 may include a cohesive coalition ( memb]s ( diff]5t racial or language m9ority gr\ps4 2 & 7#d7 ,vote d5ial or abridgem5t ,section #b ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja71 z am5d$ by subsections 7a7 & 7b71 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7c7 7#a7 ,a violation ( subsection 7a7 result+ 9 vote d5ial or abridgm5t is e/abli%$ if ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure-- 7,a7 results or w result 9 memb]s ( a protect$ class fac+ great] co/s or burd5s 9 p>ticipat+ 9 ! political process ?an o!r vot]s2 & 7,b7 ! great] co/s or burd5s are1 at lea/ 9 "p1 caus$ by or l9k$ to social & hi/orical conditions t h produc$ or produce on ! date ( su* *all5ge discrim9ation aga9/ memb]s ( ! protect$ class4 ,9 det]m9+ ! exi/5ce ( a burd5 = purposes ( subp>agraph 7,a71 ! absolute numb] or ! p]c5t ( vot]s affect$ or ! pres5ce ( vot]s :o are n memb]s ( a protect$ class 9 ! affect$ area %all n be dispositive1 & ! affect$ area may be small] ?an ! jurisdiction to :i* ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure applies4 7#b7 ,! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ne$ only be a b-= cause ( ! discrim9atory result describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 or p]petuate a pre-exi/+ burd5s or co/s4 7#c7 7,a7 ,! factors t are relevant to a totality ( ! circum/ances analysis ) respect to a claim ( vote d5ial or abridgem5t pursuant to ?is subsection include ! foll[+3 7i7 ,! ext5t ( any hi/ory ( (ficial vot+-relat$ discrim9ation 9 ! ,/ate or political subdivision t affect$ ! "r ( memb]s ( ! protect$ class to regi/]1 to vote1 or o!rwise to p>ticipate 9 ! political process4 7ii7 ,! ext5t to :i* vot+ 9 ! elections ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision is racially pol>iz$4 7iii7 ,! ext5t to :i* ! ,/ate or political subdivision has us$ photographic vot] id5tification requirem5ts1 docum5t>y pro( ( citiz5%ip requirem5ts1 docum5t>y pro( ( resid5ce requirem5ts1 or o!r vot+ practices or proc$ures1 beyond ^? requir$ by ,f$]al law1 t impair ! ability ( memb]s ( ! m9ority gr\p to p>ticipate fully 9 ! political process4 7iv7 ,! ext5t to :i* m9ority gr\p memb]s be> ! effects ( discrim9ation1 bo? public or private1 9 areas su* z education1 employm5t1 heal?1 h\s+1 & transportation1 :i* h9d] _! ability to p>ticipate effectively 9 ! political process4 7v7 ,! use ( ov]t or subtle racial appeals ei!r 9 political campaigns or surr\nd+ adoption or ma9t5ance ( ! *all5g$ practice4 7vi7 ,! ext5t to :i* memb]s ( ! m9ority gr\p h be5 elect$ to public (fice 9 ! jurisdiction1 provid$ t ! fact t ! m9ority gr\p is too small to elect c&idates ( its *oice %all n defeat a claim ( vote d5ial or abridgm5t4 7vii7 ,:e!r !re is a lack ( responsiv5ess on ! "p ( elect$ (ficials to ! p>ticul>iz$ ne$s ( m9ority gr\p memb]s1 includ+ a lack ( conc]n = or responsiv5ess to ! reque/s & proposals ( ! gr\p1 except t compliance ) a c\rt ord] may n be consid]$ evid5ce ( responsiv5ess on ! "p ( ! jurisdiction4 7viii7 ,:e!r ! policy und]ly+ ! ,/ate or political subdivision's use ( ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure is t5u\s4 ,9 mak+ a det]m9ation "u ?is clause1 a c\rt %all consid] :e!r ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure 9 "q 0 design$ to advance & mat]ially advances a valid & sub/antiat$ ,/ate int]e/4 7ix7 ,subject to p>agraph 7#d71 su* o!r factors z ! c\rt may det]m9e to be relevant4 7,b7 ,! factors describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 individually & collectively1 %all be consid]$ z a means ( e/abli%+ t a vot+ practice amplifies ! effects ( pa/ or pres5t discrim9ation 9 violation 9 subsection 7a74 7,c7 ,a pla9tiff ne$ n %[ any p>ticul> comb9ation or numb] ( factors to e/abli% a violation ( subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,! factors t are relevant to a totality ( ! circum/ances analysis ) respect to a claim ( vote d5ial or abridgem5t d n include ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! degree to :i* ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure has a long p$igree or 0 9 widespread use at "s e>li] date4 7,b7 ,! use ( an id5tical or simil> qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure 9 o!r ,/ates or jurisdictions4 7,c7 ,! availability ( o!r =ms ( vot+ unimpact$ by ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure to all memb]s ( ! electorate1 includ+ memb]s ( ! protect$ class1 unless ! jurisdiction is simultane\sly exp&+ su* o!r practices to elim9ate any disproportionate burd5 impos$ by ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure4 7,d7 ,unsub/antiat$ def5ses t ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure is necess>y to address crim9al activity4 7d7 7#a7 ,a violation ( subsection 7a7 = ! purpose ( vote d5ial or abridgem5t is e/abli%$ if ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure is int5d$1 at lea/ 9 "p1 to dilute m9ority vot+ /r5g? or to d5y or abridge ! "r ( any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees set =? 9 section #d7;f77#b74 7#b7 ,discrim9ation on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees set =? 9 section #d7;f77#b7 ne$ only be "o purpose ( a qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure to demon/rate a violation ( subsection 7a74 7#c7 ,a qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure int5d$ to dilute m9ority vot+ /r5g? or to make x m difficult = m9ority vot]s to ca/ a ballot t w be c\nt$ violates ?is subsection ev5 if an additional purpose ( ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure is to b5efit a p>ticul> political p>ty or gr\p4 7#d7 ,! context = ! adoption ( ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure1 includ+ actions by (ficial decisionmak]s be=e ! *all5g$ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure1 may be relevant to a violation ( ?is subsection4 7#e7 ,claims "u ?is subsection require pro( ( a discrim9atory impact b d n require pro( ( a violation pursuant to subsection 7b7 or 7c74 7e7 ,= purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m affect$ area means any geographic area1 9 :i* memb]s ( a protect$ class are affect$ by a qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure alleg$ly 9 violation ( ?is section1 )9 a ,/ate 7includ+ any ,indian l&s74 4 #c4 ,retrogression ,section #b ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja et seq471 z am5d$ by section #b ( ?is ,act1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7f7 ,a violation ( subsection 7a7 is e/abli%$ :5 a ,/ate or political subdivision enacts or seeks to adm9i/] any qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ 9 any election t has ! purpose ( or w h ! effect ( dim9i%+ ! ability ( any citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on acc\nt ( race or color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees set =? 9 section #d7;f77#b71 to p>ticipate 9 ! electoral process or elect _! pref]r$ c&idates ( *oice4 ,?is subsection applies to any action tak5 on or aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjba1 by a ,/ate or political subdivision to enact or seek to adm9i/] any su* qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice or proc$ure4 7g7 ,not)/&+ ! provisions ( subsection 7f71 f9al decisions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia on applications or petitions by ,/ates or political subdivisions = precle>ance "u section #e ( any *anges 9 vot+ pr]equisites1 /&>ds1 practices1 or proc$ures1 sup]s$e ! provisions ( subsection 7f74 4 #d4 ,violations trigg]+ au?ority ( c\rt to reta9 jurisdiction 7a7 ,types ( ,violations ,section #c7;c7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjb7;c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ violations ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? am5dm5t & ins]t+ violations ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t1 violations ( ?is ,act1 or violations ( any ,f$]al law t prohibits discrim9ation 9 vot+ on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p14 7b7 ,con=m+ ,am5dm5t ,section #c7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjb7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ violations ( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? am5dm5t & ins]t+ violations ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t1 violations ( ?is ,act1 or violations ( any ,f$]al law t prohibits discrim9ation 9 vot+ on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p14 #e4 ,crit]ia = cov]age ( ,/ates & political subdivisions 7a7 ,det]m9ation ( ,/ates & ,political ,subdivisions ,subject to ,section #d7;a7 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #d7;b7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;b77 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3 7b7 ,det]m9ation ( ,/ates & ,political ,subdivisions ,subject to ,requirem5ts 7#a7 ,exi/5ce ( vot+ rights violations dur+ previ\s #be ye>s 7,a7 ,/atewide application ,subsection 7a7 applies ) respect to a ,/ate & all political subdivisions )9 ! ,/ate dur+ a cal5d> ye> if-- 7i7 fifte5 or m vot+ rights violations occurr$ 9 ! ,/ate dur+ ! previ\s #be cal5d> ye>s2 7ii7 t5 or m vot+ rights violations occurr$ 9 ! ,/ate dur+ ! previ\s #be cal5d> ye>s1 at lea/ "o ( :i* 0 committ$ by ! ,/ate itself 7z oppos$ to a political subdivision )9 ! ,/ate72 or 7iii7 ?ree or m vot+ rights violations occurr$ 9 ! ,/ate dur+ ! previ\s #be cal5d> ye>s & ! ,/ate itself adm9i/]s ! elections 9 ! ,/ate or political subdivisions 9 :i* ! vot+ rights violations occurr$4 7,b7 ,application to specific political subdivisions ,subsection 7a7 applies ) respect to a political subdivision z a sep>ate unit dur+ a cal5d> ye> if ?ree or m vot+ rights violations occurr$ 9 ! subdivision dur+ ! previ\s #be cal5d> ye>s4 7#b7 ,p]iod ( application 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 if1 pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 subsection 7a7 applies ) respect to a ,/ate or political subdivision dur+ a cal5d> ye>1 subsection 7a7 %all apply ) respect to su* ,/ate or political subdivision = ! p]iod-- 7i7 t beg9s on ,janu>y #a ( ! ye> 9 :i* subsection 7a7 applies2 & 7ii7 t ends on ! date :i* is #aj ye>s aft] ! date describ$ 9 clause 7i74 7,b7 ,no fur!r application aft] decl>atory judgm5t 7i7 ,/ates ,if a ,/ate obta9s a decl>atory judgm5t "u subsection 7a71 & ! judgm5t rema9s 9 effect1 subsection 7a7 %all no long] apply to su* ,/ate pursuant to p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 unless1 aft] ! issuance ( ! decl>atory judgm5t1 p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 applies to ! ,/ate solely on ! basis ( vot+ rights violations occurr+ aft] ! issuance ( ! decl>atory judgm5t4 7ii7 ,political subdivisions ,if a political subdivision obta9s a decl>atory judgm5t "u subsection 7a71 & ! judgm5t rema9s 9 effect1 subsection 7a7 %all no long] apply to su* political subdivision pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 includ+ pursuant to p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 7relat+ to ! /atewide application ( subsection 7a771 unless1 aft] ! issuance ( ! decl>atory judgm5t1 p>agraph 7#a77;,b7 applies to ! political subdivision solely on ! basis ( vot+ rights violations occurr+ aft] ! issuance ( ! decl>atory judgm5t4 7#c7 ,det]m9ation ( vot+ rights violation ,= purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 a vot+ rights violation occurr$ 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision if any ( ! foll[+ applies3 7,a7 ,judicial relief2 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t ,any f9al judgm5t1 or any prelim9>y1 tempor>y1 or decl>atory relief 7t 0 n rev]s$ on appeal71 9 :i* ! pla9tiff prevail$ or a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f\nd t ! pla9tiff demon/rat$ a likelihood ( success on ! m]its or rais$ a s]i\s "q ) reg>d to race discrim9ation1 9 :i* any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates det]m9$ t a d5ial or abridgem5t ( ! "r ( any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p occurr$1 or t a vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ creat$ an undue burd5 on ! "r to vote 9 connection ) a claim t ! law unduly burd5$ vot]s ( a p>ticul> race1 color1 or language m9ority gr\p1 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t1 any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or subdivision4 7,b7 ,judicial relief2 violations ( ?is ,act ,any f9al judgm5t1 or any prelim9>y1 tempor>y1 or decl>atory relief 7t 0 n rev]s$ on appeal7 9 :i* ! pla9tiff prevail$ or a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f\nd t ! pla9tiff demon/rat$ a likelihood ( success on ! m]its or rais$ a s]i\s "q ) reg>d to race discrim9ation1 9 :i* any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates det]m9$ t a vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ 0 impos$ or appli$ or w\ld h be5 impos$ or appli$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or subdivision 9 a mann] t result$ or w\ld h result$ 9 a d5ial or abridgem5t ( ! "r ( any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p1 9 violation ( subsection #d7;e7 or #d7;f7 or section #b1 #bja1 or #bjc ( ?is ,act4 7,c7 ,f9al judgm5t2 ,d5ial ( decl>atory judgm5t ,9 a f9al judgm5t 7t 0 n be5 rev]s$ on appeal71 any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has d5i$ ! reque/ ( ! ,/ate or subdivision = a decl>atory judgm5t "u section #c7;c7 or section #e1 & !reby prev5t$ a vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ f be+ en=c$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or subdivision4 7,d7 ,objection by ! ,attorney ,g5]al ,! ,attorney ,g5]al has int]pos$ an objection "u section #c7;c7 or section #e1 & !reby prev5t$ a vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ f be+ en=c$ any:]e )9 ! ,/ate or subdivision4 ,a violation p] ?is subsection has n occurr$ :]e an objection has be5 )drawn by ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 unless ! )drawal 0 9 response to a *ange 9 ! law or practice t s]v$ z ! basis ( ! objection4 ,a violation "u ?is subsection has n occurr$ :]e ! objection is bas$ solely on a ,/ate or political subdivision's failure to comply ) a proc$ural process t w\ld n o!rwise con/itute an indep5d5t violation ( ?is act4 7,e7 ,cons5t decree1 settlem5t1 or o!r agreem5t ,a cons5t decree1 settlem5t1 or o!r agreem5t 0 adopt$ or ent]$ by a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or conta9$ an admission ( liability by ! def5dants1 :i* result$ 9 ! alt]ation or ab&onm5t ( a vot+ practice any:]e 9 ! t]ritory ( su* ,/ate or subdivision t 0 *all5g$ on ! gr\nd t ! practice d5i$ or abridg$ ! "r ( any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p 9 violation ( subsection #d7;e7 or #d7;f7 or section #b1 #bja1 or #bjc ( ?is ,act1 or ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t4 ,an ext5sion or modification ( an agreem5t z def9$ by ?is subsection t has be5 9 place = t5 ye>s or long] %all c\nt z an indep5d5t violation4 ,if a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f9ds t an agreem5t itself z def9$ by ?is subsection d5i$ or abridg$ ! "r ( any citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p1 violat$ subsection #d7;e7 or #d7;f7 or section #b1 #bja1 or #bjc ( ?is ,act1 or creat$ an undue burd5 on ! "r to vote 9 connection ) a claim t ! cons5t decree1 settlem5t1 or o!r agreem5t unduly burd5$ vot]s ( a p>ticul> race1 color1 or language m9ority gr\p1 t f9d+ %all c\nt z an indep5d5t violation4 7,f7 ,multiple violations ,ea* vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 includ+ ea* r$i/rict+ plan1 f\nd to be a violation by a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates pursuant to subsection 7a7 or 7b71 or prev5t$ f en=cem5t pursuant to subsection 7c7 or 7d71 or alt]$ or ab&on$ pursuant to subsection 7e7 %all c\nt z an indep5d5t violation4 ,)9 a r$i/rict+ plan1 ea* violation f\nd to discrim9ate aga9/ any gr\p ( vot]s bas$ on race1 color1 or language m9ority gr\p %all c\nt z an indep5d5t violation4 7#d7 ,tim+ ( det]m9ations 7,a7 ,det]m9ations ( vot+ rights violations ,z e>ly z practicable dur+ ea* cal5d> ye>1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all make ! det]m9ations requir$ by ?is subsection1 includ+ updat+ ! li/ ( vot+ rights violations occurr+ 9 ea* ,/ate & political subdivision = ! previ\s cal5d> ye>4 7,b7 ,effective ^u publication 9 ,f$]al ,regi/] ,a det]m9ation or c]tification ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u ?is section or "u section #h or #ac %all be effective ^u publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]4 4 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5ts ,section #d7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;a77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ any ,/ate ) respect to :i* & all t foll[s ?r\gh unless & ins]t+ any ,/ate to :i* ?is subsection applies dur+ a cal5d> ye> pursuant to det]m9ations made "u subsection 7b71 or 9 any political subdivision ( su* ,/ate 7z su* subdivision exi/$ on ! date su* det]m9ations 7 made ) respect to su* ,/ate71 ?\gh su* det]m9ations 7 n made ) respect to su* subdivision z a sep>ate unit1 or 9 any political subdivision ) respect to :i* ?is subsection applies dur+ a cal5d> ye> pursuant to det]m9ations made ) respect to su* subdivision z a sep>ate unit "u subsection 7b71 unless2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#a7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate or subdivision seek+ a decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( ?is subsection72 7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,b71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate or subdivision seek+ a decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( ?is subsection72 7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate or subdivision seek+ a decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( ?is subsection72 7,f7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ 79 ! case ( a ,/ate or subdivision :i* s\ght a decl>atory judgm5t "u ! second s5t5ce ( ?is subsection72 7,g7 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#g7 & 7#h72 & 7,h7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#i7 z p>agraph 7#g74 7b7 ,cl>ification ( ,treatm5t ( ,memb]s ( ,language ,m9ority ,gr\ps ,section #d7;a77#a7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;a77#a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ race or color1 & ins]t+ race1 color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees ( subsection 7f77#b714 7c7 ,adm9i/rative bail\t 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #d ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7g7 ,adm9i/rative bail\t 7#a7 ,det]m9ation ( eligibility 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,aft] mak+ a det]m9ation "u subsection 7b77#a77;,a7 t ! provisions ( subsection 7a7 apply ) respect to a ,/ate & all political subdivisions )9 ! ,/ate1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all det]m9e if any political subdivision ( ! ,/ate is eligible = an exemption "u ?is subsection1 & %all publi%1 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]1 a li/ ( all su* political subdivisions4 ,any political subdivision includ$ on su* li/ is n subject to any requirem5t "u section #e until ! date on :i* any application "u ?is section has be5 f9ally dispos$ ( or no su* application may be made4 7,b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection may be con/ru$ to provide-- 7i7 t ! det]m9ations made pursuant to ! creation ( ! li/ %all h any b9d+ or preclusive effect2 or 7ii7 t inclusion on ! li/-- 7,i7 con/itutes a f9al det]m9ation by ! ,attorney ,g5]al t ! li/ee is eligible = an exemption pursuant to ?is subsection or t1 9 ! case ( ! li/ee1 ! provisions ( subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,f7 ( subsection 7a77#a7 are satisfi$2 or 7,,ii7 entitles ! li/ee to any exemption pursuant to ?is subsection4 7#b7 ,eligibility ,a political subdivision t submits an application "u p>agraph 7#c7 %all be eligible = an exemption "u ?is subsection only if1 dur+ ! t5 ye>s prec$+ ! fil+ ( ! application1 & dur+ ! p5d5cy ( su* application-- 7,a7 no te/ or device ref]r$ to 9 subsection 7a77#a7 has be5 us$ )9 su* political subdivision = ! purpose or ) ! effect ( d5y+ or abridg+ ! "r to vote on acc\nt ( race or color or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees ( subsection 7f77#b72 7,b7 no f9al judgm5t ( any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 o!r ?an ! d5ial ( decl>atory judgm5t "u ?is section1 has det]m9$ t d5ials or abridgem5ts ( ! "r to vote on acc\nt ( race or color h occurr$ any:]e 9 ! t]ritory ( su* political subdivision or t d5ials or abridgem5ts ( ! "r to vote 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees ( subsection 7f77#b7 h occurr$ any:]e 9 ! t]ritory ( su* subdivision & no cons5t decree1 settlem5t1 or agreem5t has be5 ent]$ into result+ 9 any ab&onm5t ( a vot+ practice *all5g$ on su* gr\nds2 & no decl>atory judgm5t "u ?is section %all be ent]$ dur+ ! p5d5cy ( an action comm5c$ be=e ! fil+ ( an action "u ?is section & alleg+ su* d5ials or abridgem5ts ( ! "r to vote2 7,c7 no ,f$]al exam9]s or obs]v]s "u ?is ,act h be5 assign$ to su* political subdivision2 7,d7 su* political subdivision & all gov]nm5tal units )9 its t]ritory h compli$ ) section #e ( ?is ,act1 includ+ compliance ) ! requirem5t t no *ange cov]$ by section #e has be5 en=c$ )\t precle>ance "u section #e1 & h repeal$ all *anges cov]$ by section #e to :i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al has successfully object$ or z to :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia has d5i$ a decl>atory judgm5t2 7,e7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al has n int]pos$ any objection 7t has n be5 ov]turn$ by a f9al judgm5t ( a c\rt7 & no decl>atory judgm5t has be5 d5i$ "u section #e1 ) respect to any submission by or on behalf ( ! pla9tiff or any gov]nm5tal unit )9 its t]ritory "u section #e1 & no su* submissions or decl>atory judgm5t actions are p5d+2 & 7,f7 su* political subdivision & all gov]nm5tal units )9 its t]ritory-- 7i7 h elim9at$ vot+ proc$ures & me?ods ( election :i* inhibit or dilute equal access to ! electoral process2 7ii7 h engag$ 9 con/ructive ef=ts to elim9ate intimidation & h>assm5t ( p]sons ex]cis+ rights protect$ "u ?is ,act2 & 7iii7 h engag$ 9 o!r con/ructive ef=ts1 su* z exp&$ opportunity = conv5i5t regi/ration & vot+ = e p]son ( vot+ age & ! appo9tm5t ( m9ority p]sons z election (ficials ?r\gh\t ! jurisdiction & at all /ages ( ! election & regi/ration process4 7#c7 ,application p]iod ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! publication ( ! li/ "u p>agraph 7#a71 a political subdivision includ$ on su* li/ may submit an application1 conta9+ su* in=mation z ! ,attorney ,g5]al may require1 = an exemption "u ?is subsection4 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all provide notice 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] ( su* application4 7#d7 ,comm5t p]iod ,dur+ ! #ij-;day p]iod beg9n+ on ! date t notice is publi%$ "u p>agraph 7#c71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all give int]e/$ p]sons an opportunity to submit objections to ! issuance ( an exemption "u ?is subsection to a political subdivision on ! basis t ! political subdivision is n eligible "u p>agraph 7#b7 to ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 ,dur+ ! #a ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! effective date ( ?is subsection1 su* #ij-;day p]iod %all be ext5d$ by an additional #cj days4 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all notify ! political subdivision ( ea* objection submitt$ & af=d ! political subdivision an opportunity to respond4 7#e7 ,det]m9ation z to objections ,9 ! case ( a political subdivision ) respect to :i* an objection has be5 submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#d71 ! foll[+ %all apply3 7,a7 ,consid]ation ( objections ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all consid] & respond to ea* su* objection 7& any response ( ! political subdivision !reto7 dur+ ! #fj-;day p]iod beg9n+ on ! day aft] ! comm5t p]iod "u p>agraph 7#d7 concludes4 7,b7 ,ju/ifi$ objections ,if ! ,attorney ,g5]al det]m9es t any su* objection is ju/ifi$1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all publi% notice 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] d5y+ ! application = an exemption "u ?is subsection4 7,c7 ,unju/ifi$ objections ,if ! ,attorney ,g5]al det]m9es t no objection submitt$ is ju/ifi$1 ea* p]son t submitt$ su* an objection may1 n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! end ( ! p]iod e/abli%$ "u subp>agraph 7,a71 file1 9 ! ,di/rict ,c\rt ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 an action = judicial review ( su* det]m9ation 9 accordance ) *apt] #g ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 7#f7 ,exemption ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may issue an exemption1 by publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]1 f ! application ( ! provisions ( subsection 7a7 ) respect to a political subdivision t-- 7,a7 is eligible "u p>agraph 7#b72 & 7,b7 ) respect to :i* no objection "u 0 submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#d7 or det]m9$ to be ju/ifi$ "u p>agraph 7#e74 7#g7 ,judicial review ,except z o!rwise explicitly provid$ 9 ?is subsection1 no det]m9ation "u ?is subsection %all be subject to review by any c\rt1 & all det]m9ations "u ?is subsection are committ$ to ! discretion ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 7#h7 ,sav+s clause ,if a political subdivision 0 n subject to ! application ( ! provisions ( subsection 7a7 by reason ( a decl>atory judgm5t ent]$ prior to ! effective date ( ?is subsection1 & su* political subdivision has n violat$ any eligibility requirem5t set =? 9 p>agraph 7#b7 at any "t !reaft]1 !n t political subdivision %all n be subject to ! requirem5ts ( subsection 7a74 4 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #d7;a77#a7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;a77#a771 z am5d$ by ?is ,act1 is fur!r am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia issues a decl>atory judgm5t "u ?is section ! foll[+3 1 or1 9 ! case ( a political subdivision1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al issues an exemption "u subsection 7g74 7,b7 ,expiration ( "t limit ,on ! date t is #a ye> aft] ! effective date ( ?is subsection1 section #d7;g77#c7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;g77#c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,dur+ ! #a ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! effective date ( ?is subsection1 su* #ij-;day p]iod %all be ext5d$ by an additional #cj days44 ,= purposes ( any p]iods "u su* section comm5c$ z ( su* date1 ! #ij-;day p]iod %all rema9 ext5d$ by an additional #cj days4 #f4 ,det]m9ation ( ,/ates & ,political ,subdivisions ,subject to ,precle>ance = ,cov]$ ,practices ,! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja et seq47 is fur!r am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #d ! foll[+3 #d;,a4 ,det]m9ation ( ,/ates & ,political ,subdivisions ,subject to ,precle>ance = ,cov]$ ,practices 7a7 ,practice-,bas$ precle>ance 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* ,/ate & ea* political subdivision %all-- 7,a7 id5tify any newly enact$ or adopt$ law1 regulation1 or policy t includes a vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+1 or a /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 t is a cov]$ practice describ$ 9 subsection 7b72 & 7,b7 ensure t no su* cov]$ practice is implem5t$ unless or until ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 z ! case may be1 complies ) subsection 7c74 7#b7 ,det]m9ations ( *>act]i/ics ( vot+-age population 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,z e>ly z practicable dur+ ea* cal5d> ye>1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 9 consultation ) ! ,director ( ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus & ! heads ( o!r relevant (fices ( ! gov]nm5t1 %all make ! det]m9ations requir$ by ?is section reg>d+ vot+-age populations & ! *>act]i/ics ( su* populations1 & %all publi% a li/ ( ! ,/ates & political subdivisions to :i* a vot+-age population *>act]i/ic describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 applies4 7,b7 ,publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] ,a det]m9ation or c]tification ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u ?is p>agraph %all be effective ^u publication 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]4 7b7 ,cov]$ practices ,to assure t ! "r ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote is n d5i$ or abridg$ on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p z a result ( ! implem5tation ( c]ta9 qualifications or pr]equisites to vot+1 or /&>ds1 practices1 or proc$ures ) respect to vot+ newly adopt$ 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision1 ! foll[+ %all be cov]$ practices subject to ! requirem5ts describ$ 9 subsection 7a73 7#a7 ,*anges to me?od ( election ,any *ange to ! me?od ( election-- 7,a7 to add seats elect$ at-l>ge 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision :]e-- 7i7 two or m racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! political subdivision's vot+-age population2 or 7ii7 a s+le language m9ority gr\p repres5ts #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population on ,indian l&s locat$ 9 :ole or 9 "p 9 ! political subdivision2 or 7,b7 to conv]t "o or m seats elect$ f a s+le-memb] di/rict to "o or m at-l>ge seats or seats f a multi-memb] di/rict 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision :]e-- 7i7 two or m racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! political subdivision's vot+-age population2 or 7ii7 a s+le language m9ority gr\p repres5ts #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population on ,indian l&s locat$ 9 :ole or 9 "p 9 ! political subdivision4 7#b7 ,*anges to jurisdiction b\nd>ies ,any *ange or s]ies ( *anges )9 a ye> to ! b\nd>ies ( a jurisdiction t r$uces by #c or m p]c5tage po9ts ! proportion ( ! jurisdiction's vot+-age population t is compris$ ( memb]s ( a s+le racial gr\p or language m9ority gr\p 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision :]e-- 7,a7 two or m racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! political subdivision's vot+-age population2 or 7,b7 a s+le language m9ority gr\p repres5ts #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population on ,indian l&s locat$ 9 :ole or 9 "p 9 ! political subdivision4 7#c7 ,*anges ?r\gh r$i/rict+ ,any *ange to ! b\nd>ies ( election di/ricts 9 a ,/ate or political subdivision :]e any racial gr\p or language m9ority gr\p t is n ! l>ge/ racial gr\p or language m9ority gr\p 9 ! jurisdiction & t repres5ts #ae p]c5t or m ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision's vot+-age population exp]i5ces a population increase ( at lea/ #bj p]c5t ( its vot+-age population1 ov] ! prec$+ decade 7z calculat$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus "u ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus71 9 ! jurisdiction4 7#d7 ,*anges 9 docum5tation or qualifications to vote ,any *ange to requirem5ts = docum5tation or pro( ( id5tity to vote or regi/] to vote t w exce$ or be m /r+5t ?an su* requirem5ts "u ,/ate law on ! day be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ! ,john ,r4 ,lewis ,vot+ ,rights ,advancem5t ,act ( #bjbe2 & fur!r1 if a ,/ate has 9 effect a requirem5t t an individual pres5t id5tification z a condition ( receiv+ & ca/+ a ballot 9 an election = ,f$]al (fice1 if ! ,/ate does n p]mit ! individual to meet ! requirem5t & ca/ a ballot 9 ! election 9 ! same mann] z an individual :o pres5ts id5tification-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( an individual :o desires to vote 9 p]son1 by pres5t+ ! appropriate ,/ate or local election (ficial ) a sworn writt5 /atem5t1 sign$ by ! individual "u p5alty ( p]jury1 atte/+ to ! individual's id5tity & atte/+ t ! individual is eligible to vote 9 ! election2 & 7,b7 9 ! case ( an individual :o desires to vote by mail1 by submitt+ ) ! ballot ! /atem5t describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74 7#e7 ,*anges to multil+ual vot+ mat]ials ,any *ange t r$uces multil+ual vot+ mat]ials or alt]s ! mann] 9 :i* su* mat]ials are provid$ or di/ribut$1 :]e no simil> r$uction or alt]ation occurs 9 mat]ials provid$ 9 ,engli% = su* election4 7#f7 ,*anges t r$uce1 consolidate1 or relocate vot+ locations1 or r$uce vot+ opportunities ,any *ange t r$uces1 consolidates1 or relocates vot+ locations1 includ+ e>ly1 abs5tee1 & election-day vot+ locations1 or r$uces days or h\rs ( 9-p]son vot+ on any ,sunday dur+ a p]iod occurr+ prior to ! date ( an election dur+ :i* vot]s may ca/ ballots 9 su* election1 or prohibits ! provision ( food or non-alcoholic dr9k to p]sons wait+ to vote 9 an election except :]e ! provision w\ld violate prohibitions on exp5ditures to influ5ce vot+-- 7,a7 9 "o or m c5sus tracts :]e9 two or m language m9ority gr\ps or racial gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population ( ! political subdivision2 or 7,b7 on ,indian l&s :]e9 at lea/ #bj p]c5t ( ! vot+-age population belongs to a s+le language m9ority gr\p4 7#g7 ,new li/ ma9t5ance process ,any *ange to ! ma9t5ance ( vot] regi/ration li/s t adds a new basis = removal f ! li/ ( active regi/]$ vot]s or t incorporates new s\rces ( in=mation 9 det]m9+ a vot]'s eligibility to vote1 :]e9 su* a *ange w\ld h a /ati/ically significant disp>ate impact on ! removal f vot] rolls ( memb]s ( racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps t con/itute great] ?an #e p]c5t ( ! vot+-age population-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( a political subdivision impos+ su* *ange if-- 7i7 two or m racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population ( ! political subdivision2 or 7ii7 a s+le language m9ority gr\p repres5ts #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population on ,indian l&s locat$ 9 :ole or 9 "p 9 ! political subdivision2 or 7,b7 9 ! case ( a ,/ate impos+ su* *ange1 if two or m racial gr\ps or language m9ority gr\ps ea* repres5t #bj p]c5t or m ( ! vot+-age population (-- 7i7 ! ,/ate2 or 7ii7 a political subdivision 9 ! ,/ate1 except t ! requirem5ts "u subsections 7a7 & 7c7 %all apply only ) respect to ea* su* political subdivision4 7c7 ,precle>ance 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,:5ev] a ,/ate or political subdivision ) respect to :i* ! requirem5ts set =? 9 subsection 7a7 are 9 effect %all enact1 adopt1 or seek to implem5t any cov]$ practice describ$ "u subsection 7b71 su* ,/ate or subdivision may in/itute an action 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia = a decl>atory judgm5t t su* cov]$ practice nei!r has ! purpose nor w h ! effect ( d5y+ or abridg+ ! "r to vote on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p1 & unless & until ! c\rt ent]s su* judgm5t su* cov]$ practice %all n be implem5t$4 ,not)/&+ ! previ\s s5t5ce1 su* cov]$ practice may be implem5t$ )\t su* proce$+ if ! cov]$ practice has be5 submitt$ by ! *ief legal (fic] or o!r appropriate (ficial ( su* ,/ate or subdivision to ! ,attorney ,g5]al & ! ,attorney ,g5]al has n int]pos$ an objection )9 #fj days aft] su* submission1 or ^u good cause %[n1 to facilitate an exp$it$ approval )9 #fj days aft] su* submission1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al has affirmatively indicat$ t su* objection w n be made4 ,nei!r an affirmative indication by ! ,attorney ,g5]al t no objection w be made1 nor ! ,attorney ,g5]al's failure to object1 nor a decl>atory judgm5t ent]$ "u ?is section %all b> a subsequ5t action to enjo9 implem5tation ( su* cov]$ practice4 ,9 ! ev5t ! ,attorney ,g5]al affirmatively indicates t no objection w be made )9 ! #fj-;day p]iod foll[+ receipt ( a submission1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may res]ve ! "r to reexam9e ! submission if additional in=mation comes to ! ,attorney ,g5]al's att5tion dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! #fj-;day p]iod :i* w\ld o!rwise require objection 9 accordance ) ?is section4 ,any action "u ?is section %all be he>d & det]m9$ by a c\rt ( ?ree judges 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( section #bbhd ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & any appeal %all lie to ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 7#b7 ,d5y+ or abridg+ ! "r to vote ,any cov]$ practice describ$ 9 subsection 7b7 t has ! purpose ( or w h ! effect ( dim9i%+ ! ability ( any citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p1 to elect _! pref]r$ c&idates ( *oice d5ies or abridges ! "r to vote )9 ! mean+ ( p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is subsection4 7#c7 ,purpose def9$ ,! t]m purpose 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 ( ?is subsection %all include any discrim9atory purpose4 7#d7 ,purpose ( p>agraph 7#b7 ,! purpose ( p>agraph 7#b7 ( ?is subsection is to protect ! ability ( su* citiz5s to elect _! pref]r$ c&idates ( *oice4 7d7 ,en=cem5t ,! ,attorney ,g5]al or any aggriev$ citiz5 may file an action 9 a ,f$]al di/rict c\rt to compel any ,/ate or political subdivision to satisfy ! obligations set =? 9 ?is section4 ,su* actions %all be he>d & det]m9$ by a c\rt ( ?ree judges "u section #bbhd ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,9 any su* action1 ! c\rt %all provide z a rem$y t any vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+1 or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 t is ! subject ( ! action "u ?is subsection be enjo9$ unless ! c\rt det]m9es t-- 7#a7 ! vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+1 or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 is n a cov]$ practice describ$ 9 subsection 7b72 or 7#b7 ! ,/ate or political subdivision has compli$ ) subsection 7c7 ) respect to ! cov]$ practice at issue4 7e7 ,c\nt+ ( racial gr\ps & language m9ority gr\ps ,= purposes ( ?is section1 ! calculation ( ! population ( a racial gr\p or a language m9ority gr\p %all be c>ri$ out us+ ! me?odology 9 ! guidance promulgat$ 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/] on ,febru>y #i1 #bjaa 7#gf ,f$4 ,reg4 #gdgj74 7f7 ,special rule ,= purposes ( det]m9ations "u ?is section1 any data provid$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus1 :e!r bas$ on e/imation f sample or actual enum]ation1 %all n be subject to *all5ge or review 9 any c\rt4 7g7 ,multil+ual vot+ mat]ials ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m multil+ual vot+ mat]ials means regi/ration or vot+ notices1 =ms1 in/ructions1 assi/ance1 or o!r mat]ials or in=mation relat+ to ! electoral process1 includ+ ballots1 provid$ 9 ! language or languages ( "o or m language m9ority gr\ps4 4 #g4 ,promot+ transp>5cy to en=ce ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act 7a7 ,transp>5cy 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja et seq47 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #e ! foll[+ new section3 #f4 ,transp>5cy reg>d+ *anges to protect vot+ rights 7a7 ,notice ( enact$ *anges 7#a7 ,notice ( ,*anges ,if a ,/ate or political subdivision makes any *ange 9 any qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+ 9 any election = ,f$]al (fice t w result 9 ! qualification or pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure be+ diff]5t f t :i* 0 9 effect z ( #ahj days be=e ! date ( ! election = ,f$]al (fice1 ! ,/ate or political subdivision %all provide reasonable public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 ( a concise description ( ! *ange1 includ+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! *ang$ qualification or pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure & ! pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure :i* 0 previ\sly 9 effect4 ,! public notice describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph1 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision1 %all be 9 a =mat t is reasonably conv5i5t & accessible to p]sons ) disabilities :o are eligible to vote1 includ+ p]sons :o h l[ vision or are bl9d4 7#b7 ,deadl9e = notice ,a ,/ate or political subdivision %all provide ! public notice requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 n lat] ?an #dh h\rs aft] mak+ ! *ange involv$4 7b7 ,transp>5cy ,reg>d+ ,poll+ ,place ,res\rces 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ord] to id5tify any *anges t may impact ! "r to vote ( any p]son1 prior to ! #cj? day be=e ! date ( an election = ,f$]al (fice1 ea* ,/ate or political subdivision ) responsibility = allocat+ regi/]$ vot]s1 vot+ ma*9es1 & (ficial poll work]s to p>ticul> prec9cts & poll+ places %all provide reasonable public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision1 ( ! in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 = prec9cts & poll+ places )9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision4 ,! public notice describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph1 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision1 %all be 9 a =mat t is reasonably conv5i5t & accessible to p]sons ) disabilities :o are eligible to vote1 includ+ p]sons :o h l[ vision or are bl9d4 7#b7 ,in=mation describ$ ,! in=mation describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph ) respect to a prec9ct or poll+ place is ea* ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! "n or numb]4 7,b7 ,9 ! case ( a poll+ place1 ! location1 includ+ ! /reet address1 & :e!r su* poll+ place is accessible to p]sons ) disabilities4 7,c7 ,! vot+-age population ( ! area s]v$ by ! prec9ct or poll+ place1 brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p if su* breakd[n is reasonably available to su* ,/ate or political subdivision4 7,d7 ,! numb] ( regi/]$ vot]s assign$ to ! prec9ct or poll+ place1 brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p if su* breakd[n is reasonably available to su* ,/ate or political subdivision4 7,e7 ,! numb] ( vot+ ma*9es assign$1 includ+ ! numb] ( vot+ ma*9es accessible to p]sons ) disabilities :o are eligible to vote1 includ+ p]sons :o h l[ vision or are bl9d4 7,f7 ,! numb] ( (ficial paid poll work]s assign$4 7,g7 ,! numb] ( (ficial volunte] poll work]s assign$4 7,h7 ,9 ! case ( a poll+ place1 ! dates & h\rs ( op]ation4 7#c7 ,updates 9 in=mation report$ ,if a ,/ate or political subdivision makes any *ange 9 any ( ! in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,/ate or political subdivision %all provide reasonable public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision1 ( ! *ange 9 ! in=mation n lat] ?an #dh h\rs aft] ! *ange occurs or1 if ! *ange occurs few] ?an #dh h\rs be=e ! date ( ! election = ,f$]al (fice1 z soon z practicable aft] ! *ange occurs4 ,! public notice describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph & publi%$ on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision %all be 9 a =mat t is reasonably conv5i5t & accessible to p]sons ) disabilities :o are eligible to vote1 includ+ p]sons :o h l[ vision or are bl9d4 7c7 ,transp>5cy ( ,*anges ,relat+ to ,demographics & ,electoral ,di/ricts 7#a7 ,requir+ public notice ( *anges ,n lat] ?an #aj days aft] mak+ any *ange 9 ! con/itu5cy t w p>ticipate 9 an election = ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local (fice or ! b\nd>ies ( a vot+ unit or electoral di/rict 9 an election = ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local (fice 7includ+ ?r\gh r$i/rict+1 reapportionm5t1 *ang+ f at-l>ge elections to di/rict-bas$ elections1 or *ang+ f di/rict-bas$ elections to at-l>ge elections71 a ,/ate or political subdivision %all provide reasonable public notice 9 su* ,/ate or political subdivision & on ! website ( a ,/ate or political subdivision1 ( ! demographic & electoral data describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c7 = ea* ( ! geographic areas describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74 7#b7 ,geographic areas describ$ ,! geographic areas describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph are z foll[s3 7,a7 ,! ,/ate z a :ole1 if ! *ange applies /atewide1 or ! political subdivision z a :ole1 if ! *ange applies across ! entire political subdivision4 7,b7 ,if ! *ange includes a plan to replace or elim9ate vot+ units or electoral di/ricts1 ea* vot+ unit or electoral di/rict t w be replac$ or elim9at$4 7,c7 ,if ! *ange includes a plan to e/abli% new vot+ units or electoral di/ricts1 ea* su* new vot+ unit or electoral di/rict4 7#c7 ,demographic & electoral data ,! demographic & electoral data describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph ) respect to a geographic area describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 are ea* ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! vot+-age population1 brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p4 7,b7 ,if x is reasonably available to ! ,/ate or political subdivision involv$1 an e/imate ( ! population ( ! area :i* consi/s ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o are #ah ye>s ( age or old]1 brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p4 7,c7 ,! numb] ( regi/]$ vot]s1 brok5 d[n by demographic gr\p if su* breakd[n is reasonably available to ! ,/ate or political subdivision involv$4 7,d7 7i7 ,if ! *ange applies to a ,/ate1 ! actual numb] ( votes1 or 7if x is n reasonably practicable = ! ,/ate to asc]ta9 ! actual numb] ( votes7 ! e/imat$ numb] ( votes receiv$ by ea* c&idate 9 ea* /atewide election held dur+ ! #e-ye> p]iod :i* ends on ! date ! *ange involv$ is made2 & 7ii7 if ! *ange applies to only "o political subdivision1 ! actual numb] ( votes1 or 7if x is n reasonably practicable = ! political subdivision to asc]ta9 ! actual numb] ( votes7 9 ea* subdivision-wide election held dur+ ! #e-ye> p]iod :i* ends on ! date ! *ange involv$ is made4 7#d7 ,volunt>y ,compliance by small] jurisdictions ,compliance ) ?is subsection %all be volunt>y = a political subdivision ( a ,/ate unless ! subdivision is "o ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,a c\nty or p>i%4 7,b7 ,a municipality ) a population great] ?an #aj1jjj1 z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus "u ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus4 7,c7 ,a s*ool di/rict ) a population great] ?an #aj1jjj1 z det]m9$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus "u ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus4 ,= purposes ( ?is subp>agraph1 ! t]m s*ool di/rict means ! geographic area "u ! jurisdiction ( a local educational ag5cy 7z def9$ 9 section #iaja ( ! ,elem5t>y & ,second>y ,education ,act ( #aife74 7d7 ,rules ,reg>d+ ,=mat ( ,in=mation ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may issue rules specify+ a reasonably conv5i5t & accessible =mat t ,/ates & political subdivisions %all use to provide public notice ( in=mation "u ?is section4 7e7 ,no d5ial ( "r ,to vote ,! "r to vote ( any p]son %all n be d5i$ or abridg$ because ! p]son fail$ to comply ) any *ange made by a ,/ate or political subdivision to a vot+ qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure if ! ,/ate or political subdivision involv$ did n meet ! applicable requirem5ts ( ?is section ) respect to ! *ange4 7f7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section-- 7#a7 ! t]m demographic gr\p means ea* gr\p :i* section #b protects f ! d5ial or abridgem5t ( ! "r to vote on acc\nt ( race or color1 or 9 contrav5tion ( ! gu>antees set =? 9 section #d7;f77#b72 7#b7 ! t]m election = ,f$]al (fice means any g5]al1 special1 prim>y1 or run(f election held solely or 9 "p = ! purpose ( elect+ any c&idate = ! (fice ( ,presid5t1 ,vice ,presid5t1 ,presid5tial elector1 ,s5ator1 ,memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 or ,delegate or ,resid5t ,commission] to ! ,congress2 & 7#c7 ! t]m p]sons ) disabilities1 means individuals ) a disability1 z def9$ 9 section #c ( ! ,am]icans ) ,disabilities ,act ( #aiij4 4 7#b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section #c7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjb7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 9 accordance ) section #f4 7b7 ,effective ,date ,! am5dm5t made by subsection 7a77#a7 %all apply ) respect to *anges :i* are made on or aft] ! expiration ( ! #fj-;day p]iod :i* beg9s on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 #h4 ,au?ority to assign obs]v]s 7a7 ,cl>ification ( ,au?ority 9 ,political ,subdivisions ,subject to ,precle>ance ,section #h7;a77#b77;,b7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcje7;a77#b77;,b77 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3 7,b7 9 ! ,attorney ,g5]al's judgm5t1 ! assignm5t ( obs]v]s is o!rwise necess>y to en=ce ! gu>antees ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t or any provision ( ?is ,act or any o!r ,f$]al law protect+ ! "r ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote2 or 4 7b7 ,assignm5t ( ,obs]v]s ,to ,en=ce ,bil+ual ,election ,requirem5ts ,section #h7;a7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcje7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ or at ! end ( p>agraph 7#a72 7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#b7 ! foll[+3 7#c7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al c]tifies ) respect to a political subdivision t-- 7,a7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al has receiv$ writt5 m]itori\s compla9ts f resid5ts1 elect$ (ficials1 or civic p>ticipation organizations t ef=ts to violate section #bjc are likely to occur2 or 7,b7 9 ! ,attorney ,g5]al's judgm5t1 ! assignm5t ( obs]v]s is necess>y to en=ce ! gu>antees ( section #bjc2 2 & 7#c7 by mov+ ! m>g9 = ! cont9uation text foll[+ p>agraph 7#c71 z add$ by p>agraph 7#b7 ( ?is subsection1 #b ems to ! left4 7c7 ,transf]ral ( au?ority ov] obs]v]s to ! ,attorney ,g5]al 7#a7 ,en=cem5t proce$+s ,section #c7;a7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjb7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,unit$ ,/ates ,civil ,s]vice ,commission 9 accordance ) section #f & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al 9 accordance ) section #h4 7#b7 ,obs]v]s2 appo9tm5t & comp5sation ,section #h ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcje7 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a77#b71 9 ! matt] foll[+ subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t %all assign z _m obs]v]s = su* subdivision z ! ,director & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al %all assign z _m obs]v]s = su* subdivision z ! ,attorney ,g5]al2 & 7,b7 9 subsection 7c71 by /rik+ ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al4 7#c7 ,t]m9ation ( c]ta9 appo9tm5ts ( obs]v]s ,section #ac7;a77#a7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcji7;a77#a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ notifies ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t1 & ins]t+ det]m9es14 #i4 ,cl>ification ( au?ority to seek relief 7a7 ,poll tax ,section #aj7;b7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjf7;b77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! ,attorney ,g5]al is au?oriz$ & direct$ to in/itute =?) 9 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates su* actions & ins]t+ an aggriev$ p]son or 79 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may in/itute su* actions4 7b7 ,cause ( action ,section #ab7;d7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjh7;d77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ ,:5ev] any p]son has engag$ & all t foll[s ?r\gh 9 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,:5ev] !re are reasonable gr\nds to believe t any p]son has implem5t$ or w implem5t any vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure t w\ld 7,a7 d5y any citiz5 ! "r to vote 9 violation ( ! #ad?1 #ae?1 #ai?1 #bd?1 or #bf? ,am5dm5ts1 or 7,b7 w\ld violate ?is ,act 7except = section #d;,a7 or any o!r ,f$]al law t prohibits discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p 9 ! vot+ process1 an aggriev$ p]son or 79 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may in/itute2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ 1 & includ+ an ord] direct$ to ! ,/ate & ,/ate or local election (ficials to require !m 7#a7 to p]mit p]sons li/$ "u *apt]s #ajc to #ajg ( ?is title to vote & 7#b7 to c\nt su* votes4 7c7 ,judicial relief ,section #bjd ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajejd7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,:5ev] ! ,attorney ,g5]al has reason to believe & all t foll[s ?r\gh z he deems appropriate & ins]t+ ,:5ev] !re are reasonable gr\nds to believe t a ,/ate or political subdivision has engag$ or is ab\t to engage 9 any act or practice prohibit$ by a provision ( title ,,ii1 an aggriev$ p]son or 79 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may in/itute an action 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = a re/ra9+ ord]1 a prelim9>y or p]man5t injunction1 or su* o!r ord] z may be appropriate4 7d7 ,en=cem5t ( tw5ty-,six? ,am5dm5t ,section #cja7;a77#a7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgja7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,! ,attorney ,g5]al is direct$ to in/itute & all t foll[s ?r\gh ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ins]t+ ,an aggriev$ p]son or 79 ! "n ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may in/itute an action 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 = a re/ra9+ ord]1 a prelim9>y or p]man5t injunction1 or su* o!r ord] z may be appropriate to implem5t ! tw5ty-six? am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #aj4 ,prev5tive relief ,section #ab7;d7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjh7;d771 z am5d$ by section #i1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#b7 7,a7 ,9 consid]+ any motion = prelim9>y relief 9 any action = prev5tive relief describ$ 9 ?is subsection1 ! c\rt %all grant ! relief if ! c\rt det]m9es t ! compla9ant has rais$ a s]i\s "q z to :e!r ! *all5g$ vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure violates ?is ,act or ! ,con/itution &1 on balance1 ! h>d%ip impos$ on ! def5dant by ! grant ( ! relief w be less ?an ! h>d%ip :i* w\ld be impos$ on ! pla9tiff if ! relief 7 n grant$4 7,b7 ,9 mak+ its det]m9ation "u ?is p>agraph ) respect to a *ange 9 any vot+ qualification1 pr]equisite to vot+1 or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 ! c\rt %all consid] all relevant factors & give due weight to ! foll[+ factors1 if !y are pres5t3 7i7 ,:e!r ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure 9 effect prior to ! *ange 0 adopt$ z a rem$y = a ,f$]al c\rt judgm5t1 cons5t decree1 or admission reg>d+-- 7,i7 discrim9ation on ! basis ( race or color 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t2 7,,ii7 a violation ( ! #ai?1 #bd?1 or #bf? ,am5dm5ts2 7,,iii7 a violation ( ?is ,act2 or 7,,iv7 vot+ discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p 9 violation ( any o!r ,f$]al or ,/ate law4 7ii7 ,:e!r ! qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure 9 effect prior to ! *ange s]v$ z a gr\nd = ! dismissal or settlem5t ( a claim alleg+-- 7,i7 discrim9ation on ! basis ( race or color 9 violation ( ! #ad? or #ae? ,am5dm5t2 7,,ii7 a violation ( ! #ai?1 #bd?1 or #bf? ,am5dm5t2 7,,iii7 a violation ( ?is ,act2 or 7,,iv7 vot+ discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p 9 violation ( any o!r ,f$]al or ,/ate law4 7iii7 ,:e!r ! *ange 0 adopt$ few] ?an #ahj days be=e ! date ( ! election ) respect to :i* ! *ange is to take or takes effect4 7iv7 ,:e!r ! def5dant has fail$ to provide timely or complete notice ( ! adoption ( ! *ange z requir$ by applicable ,f$]al or ,/ate law4 7#c7 ,a jurisdiction's inability to en=ce its vot+ or election laws1 regulations1 policies1 or r$i/rict+ plans1 /&+ alone1 %all n be deem$ to con/itute irrep>able h>m to ! public int]e/ or to ! int]e/s ( a def5dant 9 an action aris+ "u ! ,con/itution or any ,f$]al law t prohibits discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 or memb]%ip 9 a language m9ority gr\p 9 ! vot+ process1 = ! purposes ( det]m9+ :e!r a /ay ( a c\rt's ord] or an int]locutory appeal "u section #abec ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is w>rant$4 4 #aa4 ,relief = violations ( vot+ rights laws 7a7 ,9 g5]al 7#a7 ,relief = violations ( vot+ rights laws ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m prohibit$ act or practice means-- 7,a7 any act or practice-- 7i7 t creates an undue burd5 on ! fundam5tal "r to vote 9 violation ( ! #ad? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or violates ! ,equal ,protection ,clause ( ! #ad? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or 7ii7 t is prohibit$ by ! #ae?1 #ai?1 #bd?1 or #bf? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 section #bjjd ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja71 ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja et seq471 ! ,national ,vot] ,regi/ration ,act ( #aiic 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #bjeja et seq471 ! ,uni=m$ & ,ov]seas ,citiz5s ,abs5tee ,vot+ ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #bjcja et seq471 ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #bjija et seq471 ! ,vot+ ,accessibility = ! ,eld]ly & ,h&icapp$ ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #bjaja et seq471 or section #bjjc ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajajb72 & 7,b7 any act or practice 9 violation ( any ,f$]al law t prohibits discrim9ation ) respect to vot+1 includ+ ! ,am]icans ) ,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abaja et seq474 7#b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to dim9i% ! au?ority or scope ( au?ority ( any p]son to br+ an action "u any ,f$]al law4 7#c7 ,attorney's fees ,section #gbb7;b7 ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihh7;b77 is am5d$ by ins]t+ a provision describ$ 9 section #b7;a7 ( ! ,john ,r4 ,lewis ,vot+ ,rights ,advancem5t ,act ( #bjbe1 aft] title ,,vi ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd14 7b7 ,gr\nds = equitable relief ,9 any action = equitable relief pursuant to a law li/$ "u subsection 7a71 proximity ( ! action to an election %all n be a valid reason to d5y su* relief1 or /ay ! op]ation ( or vacate ! issuance ( su* relief1 unless ! p>ty oppos+ ! issuance or cont9u$ op]ation ( relief meets ! burd5 ( prov+ by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce t ! issuance ( ! relief w\ld be s close 9 "t to ! election z to cause irrep>able h>m to ! public int]e/ or t compliance ) su* relief w\ld impose s]i\s burd5s on ! p>ty oppos+ relief4 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 consid]+ :e!r to grant1 d5y1 /ay1 or vacate any ord] ( equitable relief1 ! c\rt %all give sub/antial weight to ! public's int]e/ 9 exp&+ access to ! "r to vote4 ,a ,/ate's g5]aliz$ int]e/ 9 en=c+ its enact$ laws %all n be a relevant consid]ation 9 det]m9+ :e!r equitable relief is w>rant$4 7#b7 ,presumptive safe h>bor ,:]e equitable relief is s\ght ei!r )9 #cj days ( ! adoption or reasonable public notice ( ! *all5g$ policy or practice1 or m ?an #de days be=e ! date ( an election to :i* ! relief be+ s\ght w apply1 proximity to ! election w be presum$ n to con/itute a h>m to ! public int]e/ or a burd5 on ! p>ty oppos+ relief4 7c7 ,gr\nds = /ay or vacatur 9 ,f$]al claims involv+ vot+ rights 7#a7 ,prospective effect ,9 review+ an application = a /ay or vacatur ( equitable relief grant$ pursuant to a law li/$ 9 subsection 7a71 a c\rt %all give sub/antial weight to ! reliance int]e/s ( citiz5s :o act$ pursuant to su* ord] "u review4 ,9 fa%ion+ a /ay or vacatur1 a review+ c\rt %all n ord] relief t has ! effect ( d5y+ or abridg+ ! "r to vote ( any citiz5 :o has act$ 9 reliance on ! ord]4 7#b7 ,writt5 explanation ,no /ay or vacatur "u ?is subsection %all issue unless ! review+ c\rt makes specific f9d+s t ! public int]e/1 includ+ ! public's int]e/ 9 exp&+ access to ! ballot1 w be h>m$ by ! cont9u+ op]ation ( ! equitable relief or t compliance ) su* relief w impose s]i\s burd5s on ! p>ty seek+ su* a /ay or vacatur su* t ^? burd5s sub/antially outweigh ! b5efits to ! public int]e/4 ,9 review+ an application = a /ay or vacatur ( equitable relief1 f9d+s ( fact made 9 issu+ ! ord] "u review %all n be set aside unless cle>ly errone\s4 #ab4 ,en=cem5t ( ,vot+ ,rights by ,attorney ,g5]al ,section #ab ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjh71 z am5d$ by ?is ,act1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7g7 ,vot+ ,rights ,en=cem5t by ,attorney ,g5]al 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 ord] to fulfill ! ,attorney ,g5]al's responsibility to en=ce ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act & o!r ,f$]al civil rights /atutes t protect ! "r to vote1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al 7or ^u designation by ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al = ,civil ,rights7 is au?oriz$1 be=e comm5c+ a civil action1 to issue a dem& = inspection & in=mation 9 writ+ to any ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 ) respect to any relevant docum5t>y mat]ial t he has reason to believe is )9 _! possession1 cu/ody1 or control4 ,a dem& by ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u ?is section may require-- 7,a7 ! production ( su* docum5t>y mat]ial = inspection & copy+2 7,b7 answ]s 9 writ+ to writt5 que/ions ) respect to su* docum5t>y mat]ial2 or 7,c7 bo?4 7#b7 ,cont5ts ( an ,attorney ,g5]al dem& 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,any dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 %all include a sworn c]tificate to id5tify ! vot+ qualification or pr]equisite to vot+ or /&>d1 practice1 or proc$ure ) respect to vot+1 or o!r vot+ relat$ matt] or issue1 ^: lawfulness ! ,attorney ,g5]al is inve/igat+ & to id5tify ! civil provisions ( ! ,f$]al civil rights /atute t protects ! "r to vote "u :i* ! inve/igation is be+ conduct$4 ,! dem& %all be reasonably calculat$ to lead to ! discov]y ( docum5t>y mat]ial & in=mation relevant to su* civil rights inve/igation4 ,docum5t>y mat]ial includes any mat]ial ^u :i* relevant in=mation is record$1 & includes writt5 or pr9t$ mat]ials1 photographs1 tapes1 or mat]ials ^u :i* in=mation is electronically or magnetically record$4 ,su* dem&s are aim$ at ! ,attorney ,g5]al hav+ ! ability to inspect & obta9 copies ( relevant mat]ials 7z well z obta9 in=mation7 relat$ to vot+ & are n aim$ at ! ,attorney ,g5]al tak+ possession ( orig9al records1 p>ticul>ly ^? t are requir$ to be reta9$ by ,/ate & local election (ficials "u ,f$]al or ,/ate law4 7,b7 ,no requirem5t = production ,any dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 may n require ! production ( any docum5t>y mat]ial or ! submission ( any answ]s 9 writ+ to writt5 que/ions if su* mat]ial or answ]s w\ld be protect$ f disclosure "u ! /&>ds applicable to discov]y reque/s "u ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,civil ,proc$ure 9 an action 9 :i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al or ! ,unit$ ,/ates is a p>ty4 7,c7 ,docum5t>y mat]ial ,if ! dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 requires ! production ( docum5t>y mat]ial1 x %all-- 7i7 id5tify ! class ( docum5t>y mat]ial to be produc$ ) su* def9it5ess & c]ta9ty z to p]mit su* mat]ial to be fairly id5tifi$2 & 7ii7 prescribe a return date = production ( ! docum5t>y mat]ial at lea/ tw5ty days aft] issuance ( ! dem& to give ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 a reasonable p]iod ( "t = assembl+ ! docum5t>y mat]ial & mak+ x available = inspection & copy+4 7,d7 ,answ]s to writt5 que/ions ,if ! dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 requires answ]s 9 writ+ to writt5 que/ions1 x %all-- 7i7 set =? ) specificity ! writt5 "q to be answ]$2 & 7ii7 prescribe a date at lea/ tw5ty days aft] ! issuance ( ! dem& = submitt+ answ]s 9 writ+ to ! writt5 que/ions4 7,e7 ,s]vice ,a dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 may be s]v$ by a ,unit$ ,/ates m>%al or a deputy m>%al1 or by c]tifi$ mail1 at any place )9 ! t]ritorial jurisdiction ( any c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#c7 ,responses to an ,attorney ,g5]al dem& ,a ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 mu/1 ) respect to any docum5t>y mat]ial or any answ] 9 writ+ produc$ "u ?is subsection1 provide a sworn c]tificate1 9 su* =m z ! dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 designates1 by a p]son hav+ k ( ! facts & circum/ances relat+ to su* production or writt5 answ]1 au?oriz$ to act on behalf ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 ^u :i* ! dem& 0 s]v$4 ,! c]tificate-- 7,a7 %all /ate t-- 7i7 all ( ! docum5t>y mat]ial requir$ by ! dem& & 9 ! possession1 cu/ody1 or control ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 has be5 produc$2 7ii7 t ) respect to e answ] 9 writ+ to a writt5 "q1 all in=mation requir$ by ! "q & 9 ! possession1 cu/ody1 control1 or k ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 has be5 submitt$2 or 7iii7 bo?2 or 7,b7 provide ! basis = any objection to produc+ ! docum5t>y mat]ial or answ]+ ! writt5 "q4 ,to ! ext5t t any in=mation is n furni%$1 ! in=mation %all be id5tifi$ & reasons set =? ) p>ticul>ity reg>d+ ! reasons :y ! in=mation 0 n furni%$4 7#d7 ,judicial proce$+s 7,a7 ,petition = en=cem5t ,:5ev] any ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 fails to comply ) dem& issu$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may file1 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 is locat$1 a petition = a judicial ord] en=c+ ! ,attorney ,g5]al dem& issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a74 7,b7 ,petition to modify 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,any ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 t is s]v$ ) a dem& issu$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u p>agraph 7#a7 may file 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia a petition = an ord] ( ! c\rt to modify or set aside ! dem& ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al4 7ii7 ,petition to modify ,any petition to modify or set aside a dem& ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 mu/ be fil$ )9 #bj days aft] ! date ( s]vice ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al's dem& or at any "t be=e ! return date specifi$ 9 ! ,attorney ,g5]al's dem&1 :i*ev] date is e>li]4 7iii7 ,cont5ts ( petition ,! petition %all specify ea* gr\nd ^u :i* ! petition] relies 9 seek+ relief "u clause 7i71 & may be bas$ ^u any failure ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al's dem& to comply ) ! provisions ( ?is section or ^u any con/itutional or o!r legal "r or privilege ( ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t4 ,dur+ ! p5d5cy ( ! petition 9 ! c\rt1 ! c\rt may /ay1 z x deems prop]1 ! runn+ ( ! "t all[$ = compliance ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al's dem&1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 except t ! ,/ate or political subdivision1 or o!r gov]nm5tal repres5tative or ag5t1 fil+ ! petition %all comply ) any portions ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al's dem& n s\ght to be modifi$ or set aside4 4 #ac4 ,def9itions ,title ,i ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcja7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #ba4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,indian ,! t]m ,indian has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #d ( ! ,indian ,self-,det]m9ation & ,education ,assi/ance ,act4 7#b7 ,indian l&s ,! t]m ,indian l&s means-- 7,a7 any ,indian c\ntry ( an ,indian tribe1 z su* t]m is def9$ 9 section #aaea ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7,b7 any l& 9 ,alaska t is own$1 pursuant to ! ,alaska ,native ,claims ,settlem5t ,act1 by an ,indian tribe t is a ,native village 7z su* t]m is def9$ 9 section #c ( su* ,act71 or by a ,village ,corporation t is associat$ ) ! ,indian tribe 7z su* t]m is def9$ 9 section #c ( su* ,act72 7,c7 any l& on :i* ! seat ( gov]nm5t ( ! ,indian tribe is locat$2 & 7,d7 any l& t is "p or all ( a tribal designat$ /ati/ical area associat$ ) ! ,indian tribe1 or is "p or all ( an ,alaska ,native village /ati/ical area associat$ ) ! tribe1 z def9$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus = ! purposes ( ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus4 7#c7 ,indian tribe ,! t]m ,indian tribe or tribe has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m ,indian tribe 9 section #d ( ! ,indian ,self-,det]m9ation & ,education ,assi/ance ,act4 7#d7 ,tribal ,gov]nm5t ,! t]m ,tribal ,gov]nm5t means ! recogniz$ gov]n+ body ( an ,indian ,tribe4 7#e7 ,vot+-age population ,! t]m vot+-age population means ! num]ical size ( ! population )9 a ,/ate1 )9 a political subdivision1 or )9 a political subdivision t conta9s ,indian l&s1 z ! case may be1 t consi/s ( p]sons age #ah or old]1 z calculat$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus "u ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5sus4 4 #ad4 ,attorneys' fees ,section #ad7;c7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcaj7;c77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#d7 ,! t]m prevail+ p>ty means a p>ty to an action t receives at lea/ "s ( ! b5efit s\ght by su* action1 /ates a colorable claim1 & c e/abli% t ! action 0 a significant cause ( a *ange to ! /atus quo4 4 #ae4 ,o!r te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts 7a7 ,actions ,cov]$ ,"u ,section #c ,section #c7;c7 ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjb7;c77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ any proce$+ in/itut$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al or an aggriev$ p]son "u any /atute to en=ce & ins]t+ any action "u any /atute 9 :i* a p>ty 7includ+ ! ,attorney ,g5]al7 seeks to en=ce2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ at ! "t ! proce$+ 0 comm5c$ & ins]t+ at ! "t ! action 0 comm5c$4 7b7 ,cl>ification ( ,treatm5t ( ,memb]s ( ,language ,m9ority ,gr\ps ,section #d7;f7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjc7;f77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#c7 & 7#d74 7c7 ,p]iod ,dur+ ,:i* ,*anges 9 ,vot+ ,practices are ,subject to ,precle>ance ,"u ,section #e ,section #e ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcjd7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ bas$ ^u det]m9ations made "u ! fir/ s5t5ce ( section #d7;b7 are 9 effect & ins]t+ are 9 effect dur+ a cal5d> ye>2 7#b7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ ,novemb] #a1 #aifd & all t foll[s ?r\gh ,novemb] #a1 #aigb & ins]t+ ! applicable date ( cov]age2 & 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7e7 ,! t]m applicable date ( cov]age means1 ) respect to a ,/ate or political subdivision-- 7#a7 ,june #be1 #bjac1 if ! mo/ rec5t det]m9ation = su* ,/ate or subdivision "u section #d7;b7 0 made on or be=e ,decemb] #ca1 #bjbe2 or 7#b7 ! date on :i* ! mo/ rec5t det]m9ation = su* ,/ate or subdivision "u section #d7;b7 0 made1 if su* det]m9ation 0 made aft] ,decemb] #ca1 #bjbe4 4 #af4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is ,act or any am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1 or ! application ( su* a provision or am5dm5t to any p]son or circum/ance1 is held to be uncon/itutional or is o!rwise enjo9$ or un5=ceable1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act & am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 & ! application ( ! provisions & am5dm5t to any p]son or circum/ance1 & any rema9+ provision ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife1 %all n be affect$ by ! hold+4 #ag4 ,grants to assi/ ) notice requirem5ts "u ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all make grants ea* fiscal ye> to small jurisdictions :o submit applications "u subsection 7b7 = purposes ( assi/+ su* small jurisdictions ) compliance ) ! requirem5ts ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife to submit or publi% notice ( any *ange to a qualification1 pr]equisite1 /&>d1 practice or proc$ure affect+ vot+4 7b7 ,application ,to be eligible = a grant "u ?is section1 a small jurisdiction %all submit an application to ! ,attorney ,g5]al 9 su* =m & conta9+ su* in=mation z ! ,attorney ,g5]al may require reg>d+ ! compliance ( su* small jurisdiction ) ! provisions ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife4 7c7 ,small jurisdiction def9$ ,= purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m small jurisdiction means any political subdivision ( a ,/ate ) a population ( #aj1jjj or less4