,i  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ab  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(             
,,repres5tatives  ,june #bd1 #bjbe ,ms4 
,*u 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,lois ,frankel (    
,florida1 ,ms4 ,pressley1 ,ms4 ,escob>1 
,ms4 ,adams1 ,mr4 ,aguil>1 ,mr4 ,amo1   
,ms4 ,ans>i1 ,mr4 ,au*9closs1 ,ms4      
,bal9t1 ,ms4 ,b>ragn1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1    
,mr4 ,bell1 ,mr4 ,b]a1 ,mr4 ,bey]1 ,mr4 
,bi%op1 ,ms4 ,bonamici1 ,mr4 ,boyle (   
,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,br[n1 ,ms4 ,br[nley1
 ,ms4 ,budz9ski1 ,ms4 ,bynum1 ,mr4      
,c>bajal1 ,mr4 ,c>t] ( ,l\isiana1 ,mr4  
,cas>1 ,mr4 ,case1 ,mr4 ,ca/51 ,ms4     
,ca/or ( ,florida1 ,mr4 ,ca/ro ( ,texas1
 ,mrs4 ,*]filus-,mc,cormick1 ,ms4 ,cl>k 
( ,massa*usetts1 ,ms4 ,cl>ke ( ,new     
,york1 ,mr4 ,cleav]1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4   
,conaway1 ,mr4 ,co/a1 ,ms4 ,craig1 ,ms4 
,crockett1 ,mr4 ,cr[1 ,ms4 ,davids (    
,kansas1 ,mr4 ,davis ( ,ill9ois1 ,ms4   
,dean ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,de,gette1   
,ms4 ,de,lauro1 ,ms4 ,del,bene1 ,mr4    
,deluzio1 ,mr4 ,de,saulnier1 ,ms4       
,dext]1 ,mrs4 ,d+ell1 ,mr4 ,doggett1    

,ms4 ,elfre?1 ,mr4 ,evans (             
,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,fields1 ,mrs4       
,flet*]1 ,mr4 ,fo/]1 ,mrs4 ,f\%ee1 ,ms4 
,fri$man1 ,mr4 ,fro/1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1    
,ms4 ,g>cia ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,g>cia (     
,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,g>ca ( ,ill9ois1 ,ms4  
,p]ez1 ,mr4 ,gold5 ( ,ma9e1 ,mr4        
,goldman ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,gomez1 ,ms4
 ,goodl&]1 ,mr4 ,got!im]1 ,mr4 ,gre5 (  
,texas1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4 ,himes1 ,mr4 
,hors=d1 ,ms4 ,h\lahan1 ,ms4 ,hoyle (   
,oregon1 ,mr4 ,huffman1 ,mr4 ,ivey1 ,ms4
 ,jacobs1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1 ,mr4 ,jeffries1
 ,ms4 ,johnson ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,johnson (
 ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,kamlag]-,dove1 ,ms4    
,kaptur1 ,mr4 ,keat+1 ,ms4 ,kelly (     
,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,k5n$y ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4
 ,khanna1 ,mr4 ,kri%namoor?i1 ,mr4      
,l&sman1 ,mr4 ,l>s5 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4    
,l>son ( ,connecticut1 ,mr4 ,latim]1    
,ms4 ,lee ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4 ,lee (   
,nevada1 ,ms4 ,leg] ,f]n&ez1 ,mr4 ,lev91
 ,mr4 ,licc>do1 ,mr4 ,lieu1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51
 ,mr4 ,lyn*1 ,mr4 ,magaz9]1 ,mr4        
,mannion1 ,ms4 ,matsui1 ,mrs4 ,mc,bath1 

,ms4 ,mc,bride1 ,mrs4 ,mc,clain         
,delaney1 ,ms4 ,mc,clellan1 ,ms4        
,mc,donald ,rivet1 ,mr4 ,mc,garvey1 ,mr4
 ,mc,govern1 ,mrs4 ,mc,iver1 ,mr4       
,meeks1 ,mr4 ,m55dez1 ,ms4 ,m5g1 ,mr4   
,mfume1 ,ms4 ,moore ( ,wiscons91 ,mr4   
,morelle1 ,ms4 ,morrison1 ,mr4          
,mosk[itz1 ,mr4 ,m\lton1 ,mr4 ,mrvan1   
,mr4 ,mull91 ,mr4 ,nadl]1 ,mr4          
,norcross1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,ms4           
,ocasio-,cortez1 ,mr4 ,olszewski1 ,ms4  
,om>1 ,mr4 ,pallone1 ,mr4 ,panetta1 ,mr4
 ,pappas1 ,ms4 ,pelosi1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1    
,ms4 ,pett]s51 ,ms4 ,p+ree1 ,mr4 ,pocan1
 ,ms4 ,p\1 ,mr4 ,quigley1 ,mrs4         
,ramirez1 ,mr4 ,rask91 ,mr4 ,riley (    
,new ,york1 ,ms4 ,rivas1 ,ms4 ,ross1    
,mr4 ,ruiz1 ,mr4 ,ryan1 ,ms4 ,sal9as1   
,ms4 ,scanlon1 ,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,mr4     
,s*neid]1 ,ms4 ,s*olt51 ,ms4 ,s*ri]1    
,mr4 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 ,david     
,scott ( ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,sewell1 ,mr4   
,%]man1 ,ms4 ,%]rill1 ,ms4 ,simon1 ,mr4 
,smi? ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,sor5s51 ,mr4    
,soto1 ,ms4 ,/ansbury1 ,mr4 ,/anton1    

,ms4 ,/ev5s1 ,ms4 ,/rickl&1 ,mr4        
,subramanyam1 ,mr4 ,swalwell1 ,mrs4     
,sykes1 ,mr4 ,takano1 ,mr4 ,?an$>1 ,mr4 
,?ompson ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,?ompson (   
,mississippi1 ,ms4 ,titus1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 
,ms4 ,tokuda1 ,mr4 ,tonko1 ,mrs4 ,torres
 ( ,cali=nia1 ,mrs4 ,trahan1 ,mr4 ,tran1
 ,ms4 ,und]wood1 ,mr4 ,v>gas1 ,mr4      
,vasquez1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,ms4 ,velzquez1 
,mr4 ,v9dman1 ,ms4 ,wass]man ,s*ultz1   
,mrs4 ,watson ,coleman1 ,mr4 ,:itesides1
 ,ms4 ,williams ( ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,wilson
 ( ,florida1 ,mr4 ,torres ( ,new ,york1 
,mr4 ,correa1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1 ,ms4     
,gill51 ,mr4 ,m91 ,mr4 ,c\rtney1 ,mr4   
,cisn]os1 ,ms4 ,sn*ez1 ,mr4 ,neguse1    
,ms4 ,wat]s1 & ,ms4 ,mc,collum7         
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1 & 9 
addition to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1
 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by 
! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation (  
su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction 
( ! committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
protect a p]son's ability to det]m9e    

:e!r to cont9ue or end a pregnancy1 & to
 protect a heal? c>e provid]'s ability  
to provide abortion s]vices4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,wom5's 
,heal? ,protection ,act ( #bjbe4  #b4   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7   
,abortion s]vices are ess5tial heal?    
c>e1 & access to ^? s]vices is c5tral to
 p's ability to p>ticipate equally 9 !  
economic & social life ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4 ,abortion access all[s p :o are 
pregnant to make _! own decisions ab\t  
_! pregnancies1 _! families1 & _! lives4
  7#b7 ,reproductive ju/ice requires e  
individual to h ! "r to make _! own     
decisions ab\t hav+ *ildr5 reg>dless (  
_! circum/ances & )\t int]f]5ce &       
discrim9ation4 ,reproductive ju/ice is a
 human "r t c & w be a*iev$ :5 all p1   
reg>dless ( actual or p]ceiv$ race1     
color1 national orig91 immigration      
/atus1 sex 7includ+ g5d] id5tity1 sex   
/]eotyp+1 or sexual ori5tation71 age1 or
 disability /atus h ! economic1 social1 
& political p[] & res\rces to def9e &   

make decisions ab\t _! bodies1 heal?1   
sexuality1 families1 & communities 9 all
 areas ( _! lives1 ) dignity &          
self-det]m9ation4  7#c7 ,abortion c>e1 l
 all heal? c>e1 is a human "r t %\ld n  
dep5d on "o's ,,zip ,code or region1    
age1 actual or p]ceiv$ race1 national   
orig91 immigration /atus1 sex1 or       
disability /atus4 ,un=tunately1 ?is is !
 curr5t reality = millions1 creat+ a    
pat*work ( abortion access across !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,protect+ ! "r to det]m9e
 :e!r to cont9ue or end a pregnancy1 & !
 "r ( heal? c>e provid]s to provide     
abortion c>e1 is necess>y & ess5tial to 
a*iev+ ?is human "r1 & ultimately       
reproductive ju/ice4  7#d7 ,on ,june    
#bd1 #bjbb1 9 its decision 9 ,dobbs v4  
,jackson ,wom5's ,heal? ,organization1 !
 ,supreme ,c\rt ov]rul$ ,roe v4 ,wade1  
rev]s+ decades ( prec$5t recogniz+ a    
con/itutional "r to t]m9ate a pregnancy 
be=e fetal viability4  7#e7 ,! effects (
 ! ,dobbs decision 7 imm$iate &         
disa/r\s4 ,9 ! aft]ma? ( ! ,dobbs       

decision1 _m ,/ates impos$ ne>-total    
bans on abortion4 ,)9 #ajj days ( !     
rul+1 #ff cl9ics across #ae ,/ates 7 =c$
 to /op (f]+ abortions4 ,z ( ,janu>y    
#bjbe1 abortion is unavailable 9 #ad    
,/ates1 leav+ #ag4ih million wom5 (     
reproductive age 7ages #ae to #di7 z    
well z transg5d] & g5d] noncon=m+       
individuals )\t access to abortion 9 _! 
home ,/ate4  7#f7 ,travel "t to an      
abortion cl9ic1 already a burd5 =       
abortion seek]s "u ,roe1 has quadrupl$  
s9ce ,dobbs4 ,z di/ance to an abortion  
facility increases1 s d ! accompany+ 7& 
pot5tially prohibitive7 burd5s ( "t (f  
"w or s*ool1 lo/ wages1 transportation  
co/s1 lodg+1 *ild c>e co/s1 & o!r       
ancill>y co/s4  7#g7 ,ev5 be=e ! ,dobbs 
decision1 access to abortion s]vices _h 
long be5 ob/ruct$ across ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 9 v>i\s ways1 includ+3 prohibitions (1 
& re/rictions on1 insurance cov]age2    
m&atory p>5tal involvem5t laws2         
re/rictions t %ame & /igmatize p seek+  
abortion s]vices2 & m$ically unnecess>y 

regulations t fail to fur!r ! safety (  
abortion s]vices1 b in/ead cause h>m p  
by delay+1 complicat+ access to1 & r$uc+
 ! availability (1 abortion s]vices4    
7#h7 ,be+ d5i$ an abortion c h s]i\s    
consequ5ces = p's physical1 m5tal1 &    
economic heal? & well-be+1 & t ( _!     
families4 ,accord+ to ! ,turnaway ,/udy1
 a longitud9al /udy publi%$ by ,advanc+ 
,new ,/&>ds ,9 ,reproductive ,heal?     
7,,ansirh7 9 #bjai1 individuals :o are  
d5i$ a want$ abortion are m likely to   
exp]i5ce economic insecurity ?an        
individuals :o receive a want$ abortion4
 ,aft] foll[+ p>ticipants = five ye>s1 !
 /udy f\nd t p :o 7 d5i$ abortion c>e 7 
m likely to live 9 pov]ty1 exp]i5ce     
debt1 & h l[] cr$it scores = sev]al ye>s
 aft] ! d5ial4 ,^! f9d+s demon/rate t :5
 p h control ov] :5 to h *ildr5 & h[ _m 
*ildr5 to h1 _! *ildr5 b5efit ?r\gh     
increas$ economic security & bett]      
mat]nal bond+4  7#i7 ,abortion bans &   
re/rictions h rep]cussions = a broad    
range ( heal? c>e beyond pregnancy      

t]m9ation1 includ+ exac]bat+ ! exi/+    
mat]nal heal? crisis fac+ ! ,unit$      
,/ates4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has ! highe/   
mat]nal mortality rate ( any            
indu/rializ$ nation1 & ,black wom5 &    
bir?+ p face ?ree times ! risk ( dy+ f  
pregnancy-relat$ causes z _! :ite       
c\nt]p>ts4 ,ev5 prior to ,dobbs1 rese>* 
f\nd t ,/ates t enact$ abortion         
re/rictions bas$ on ge/ation increas$ _!
 mat]nal mortality rate by #ch p]c5t4   
,rese>* has f\nd t a nationwide ban w\ld
 increase ! ,unit$ ,/ates mat]nal       
mortality rate by an additional #bd     
p]c5t4 ,fur!rmore1 ,/ates t h bann$1 are
 plann+ to ban1 or h sev]ely re/rict$   
abortion c>e h few] mat]nal heal?       
provid]s1 m mat]nity-c>e des]ts1 high]  
rates ( bo? mat]nal & infant mortality1 
& great] racial inequity 9 heal? c>e4   
7#aj7 ,abortion bans & re/rictions      
additionally h>m p's heal? by r$uc+     
access to o!r ess5tial heal? c>e s]vices
 (f]$ by _m ( ! provid]s t>get$ by !    
re/rictions1 includ+--  7,a7 scre5+s &  

prev5tive s]vices1 includ+ contraceptive
 s]vices2  7,b7 te/+ & treatm5t =       
sexually transmitt$ infections2  7,c7   
,,lgbtq heal? s]vices2 &  7,d7 ref]rals 
= prim>y c>e1 intimate p>tn] viol5ce    
prev5tion1 pr5atal c>e1 & adoption      
s]vices4  7#aa7 ,?is ripple effect has  
only wors5$ s9ce ! ,dobbs decision4     
,cl9icians & ph>maci/s h d5i$ access to 
ess5tial m$ication = conditions1 includ+
 ga/ric ulc]s & autoimmune diseases1    
because ^? drugs are also us$ =         
m$ication abortion c>e4 ,pati5ts are    
report+ be+ d5i$ or delay$ 9 _! receipt 
( necess>y & pot5tially lifesav+        
treatm5t = ectopic pregnancies &        
misc>riage managem5t because ( ! newf\nd
 legal risks fac+ provid]s4  7#ab7      
,reproductive ju/ice seeks to address   
re/rictions on reproductive heal?1      
includ+ abortion1 t p]petuate sy/ems (  
oppression1 lack ( bodily autonomy1 :ite
 supremacy1 & anti-,black racism4 ,?is  
viol5t legacy has manife/$ 9 policies   
includ+ enslavem5t1 rape1 &             

exp]im5tation on ,black wom52 =c$       
/]ilizations1 m$ical exp]im5tation on   
l[-income wom5's reproductive sy/ems2 & 
! =cible removal ( ,indig5\s *ildr54    
,access to equitable reproductive heal? 
c>e1 includ+ abortion s]vices1 has      
always be5 defici5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = 
,black1 ,indig5\s1 ,lat9a_/x1           
,asian-,am]ican & ,pacific ,isl&]1 & ,p 
( ,color 7,,bipoc7 & _! families4  7#ac7
 ,! legacy ( re/rictions on reproductive
 heal?1 rights1 & ju/ice is n a dat$    
ve/ige ( a d>k hi/ory4 ,data %[ ! h>ms (
 abortion-specific re/rictions fall     
especially heavily on p ) l[ incomes1 p 
( color1 immigrants1 "y p1 p )          
disabilities1 & ^? liv+ 9 rural & o!r   
m$ically und]s]v$ areas4 ,abortion bans 
& re/rictions are comp\nd$ fur!r by !   
ongo+ crim9alization ( p :o are         
pregnant1 includ+ ^? :o are inc>c]at$1  
liv+ ) ,,hiv1 or ) sub/ance-use         
disord]s4 ,^! populations already       
exp]i5ce heal? disp>ities due to social1
 political1 & environm5tal inequities1 &

 re/rictions on abortion s]vices        
exac]bate ^! h>ms4 ,remov+ bans &       
re/rictions on abortion s]vices w\ld    
con/itute "o important /ep on ! pa? t[>d
 realiz+ reproductive ju/ice by ensur+ t
 ! full range ( reproductive heal? c>e  
is accessible to all :o ne$ x4  7#ad7   
,abortion bans & re/rictions are tools (
 g5d] oppression1 z !y t>get heal? c>e  
s]vices t are us$ prim>ily by wom54 ,^! 
pat]nali/ic bans & re/rictions rely on &
 re9=ce h>mful /]eotypes ab\t g5d] roles
 & wom5's decisionmak+1 und]m9+ _!      
ability to control _! own lives &       
well-be+4 ,^! re/rictions h>m ! basic   
autonomy1 dignity1 & equality ( wom54   
7#ae7 ,! t]ms woman & wom5 are us$ 9 ?is
 bill to reflect ! id5tity ( ! majority 
( p t>get$ & mo/ directly affect$ by    
bans & re/rictions on abortion s]vices1 
:i* are root$ 9 misogyny4 ,h[ev]1 access
 to abortion s]vices is critical to !   
heal? ( e p]son capable ( becom+        
pregnant4 ,?is ,act is int5d$ to protect
 all p ) ! capacity = pregnancy--cisg5d]

 wom51 transg5d] m51 nonb9>y            
individuals1 ^? :o id5tify ) a diff]5t  
g5d]1 & o!rs--:o are unju/ly h>m$ by    
re/rictions on abortion s]vices4  7#af7 
,pregnant individuals w cont9ue to      
exp]i5ce a range ( pregnancy outcomes1  
includ+ abortion1 misc>riage1 /illbir?s1
 & infant losses reg>dless ( h[ ! ,/ate 
attempts to ex]t p[] ov] _! reproductive
 decisionmak+1 & w cont9ue to ne$       
support = _! heal? & well-be+ ?r\gh _!  
reproductive lifespans4  7#ag7 ,evid5ce 
f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ar\nd ! globe be>s  
out t crim9aliz+ abortion inv>iably     
leads to arre/s1 inve/igations1 &       
imprisonm5t ( p :o end _! pregnancies or
 exp]i5ce pregnancy loss1 lead+ to      
violations ( fundam5tal rights to       
lib]ty1 dignity1 bodily autonomy1       
equality1 due process1 privacy1 heal?1 &
 fre$om f cruel & inhumane treatm5t4    
7#ah7 ,all major exp]ts 9 public heal? &
 m$ic9e1 su* z ! ,am]ican ,m$ical       
,association1 ,am]ican ,public ,heal?   
,association1 ,am]ican ,academy (       

,p$iatrics1 ,am]ican ,society (         
,addiction ,m$ic9e1 & ,am]ican ,college 
( ,ob/etricians & ,gynecologi/s1 oppose 
! crim9alization ( pregnancy outcomes   
because ! ?reat ( be+ subject to        
inve/igation or puni%m5t ?r\gh ! crim9al
 legal sy/em :5 seek+ heal? c>e ?reat5s 
pregnant p's lives & und]m9es public    
heal? by det]r+ p f seek+ c>e =         
ob/etrical em]g5cies4  7#ai7            
,anti-abortion /igma t is comp\nd$ by   
abortion bans & re/rictions also        
contributes to viol5ce & h>assm5t t put 
bo? p seek+ & p provid+ abortion c>e at 
risk4 ,f #aigg to #bjbb1 !re 7 #aa      
murd]s1 #db bomb+s1 #bjj acts ( arson1  
#eca assaults1 #cge burgl>ies1 & ?\s&s (
 o!r incid5ts ( crim9al activity direct$
 at abortion seek]s1 provid]s1          
volunte]s1 & cl9ic /aff4 ,?is viol5ce   
exi/$ "u ,roe & has be5 /eadily escalat+
 = ye>s4 ,! pres5ce ( dang]\s prote/ors 
& organiz$ extremi/s acts z yet ano!r   
b>ri] to abortion c>e1 & ?is ?reat has  
become ev5 m urg5t z abortion bans      

prolif]ate & /igma ar\nd abortion c>e   
increases4  7#bj7 ,abortion is "o ( !   
safe/ m$ical proc$ures 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates4 ,an indep5d5t1 compreh5sive     
review ( ! /ate ( sci5ce on ! safety &  
quality ( abortion s]vices1 publi%$ by !
 ,national ,academies ( ,m$ic9e 9 #bjah1
 f\nd t abortion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is   
safe & effective & t ! bigge/ ?reats to 
! quality ( abortion s]vices 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates are ,/ate regulations t create   
b>ri]s to c>e4 ,su* abortion-specific   
re/rictions1 z well z broad] ,/ate bans1
 conflict ) m$ical /&>ds & are n        
support$ by ! recomm5dations & guidel9es
 issu$ by lead+ reproductive heal? c>e  
pr(essional organizations1 includ+ !    
,am]ican ,college ( ,ob/etricians &     
,gynecologi/s1 ! ,society ( ,family     
,plann+1 ! ,national ,abortion          
,f$]ation1 ! ,_w ,heal? ,organization1 &
 o!rs4  7#ba7 ,= ov] #bj ye>s1 m$ication
 abortion c>e has be5 available 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates z a safe1 effective1 ,food
 & ,drug ,adm9i/ration 7,,fda7-approv$  

treatm5t to end an e>ly pregnancy4      
,today1 m$ication abortion c>e acc\nts =
 #fc p]c5t ( all pregnancy t]m9ations 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates2 h[ev]1 significant     
b>ri]s to access rema9 9 place1         
p>ticul>ly 9 ,/ates t h impos$ on]\s    
re/rictions t conflict ) ,,fda's        
regulation ( m$ication abortion4        
,additionally1 oppon5ts ( abortion are  
n[ deploy+ new tactics to limit access  
to ?is ,,fda-approv$ m$ication t w\ld   
set a dang]\s prec$5t = ! ,f$]al        
regulation ( m$ication products & h     
national rep]cussions4  7#bb7 ,heal? c>e
 provid]s are subject to lic5s+ laws 9  
v>i\s jurisdictions1 :i* are n affect$  
by ?is ,act except z expressly provid$ 9
 ?is ,act4  7#bc7 ,int]national human   
rights law recognizes t access to       
abortion is intr9sically l9k$ to !      
rights to life1 heal?1 equality &       
nondiscrim9ation1 privacy1 & fre$om f   
ill treatm5t4 ,unit$ ,nations 7,,un7    
human rights treaty monitor+ bodies h   
f\nd t legal abortion s]vices1 l o!r    

reproductive heal? c>e s]vices1 mu/ be  
available1 accessible1 af=dable1        
acceptable1 & ( good quality4 ,,un human
 rights treaty bodies h condemn$        
crim9alization ( abortion & m$ically    
unnecess>y b>ri]s to abortion s]vices1  
includ+ m&atory wait+ p]iods1 bias$     
c\nsel+ requirem5ts1 & ?ird-p>ty        
au?orization requirem5ts4  7#bd7 ,core  
human rights treaties ratifi$ by !      
,unit$ ,/ates protect access to         
abortion4 ,= example1 9 #bjah1 ! ,,un   
,human ,rights ,committee1 :i* ov]sees  
implem5tation ( ! ,int]national ,cov5ant
 on ,civil & ,political ,rights         
7,,iccpr71 made cle> t ! "r to life1    
en%r9$ 9 ,article #f ( ! ,,iccpr1 at a  
m9imum requires gov]nm5ts to provide    
safe1 legal1 & effective access to      
abortion :]e a p]son's life & heal? are 
at risk1 or :5 c>ry+ a pregnancy to t]m 
w\ld o!rwise cause sub/antial pa9 or    
suff]+4 ,! ,committee /at$ t gov]nm5ts  
mu/ n impose re/rictions on abortion t  
subject wom5 & girls to physical or     

m5tal pa9 or suff]+1 discrim9ate aga9/  
!m1 arbitr>ily int]f]e ) _! privacy1 or 
place !m at risk ( und]tak+ unsafe      
abortions4 ,! ,committee /at$ t         
gov]nm5ts %\ld n apply crim9al sanctions
 to wom5 & girls :o und]go abortion or  
to m$ical s]vice provid]s :o assi/ !m 9 
do+ s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,committee /at$ t  
gov]nm5ts %\ld remove exi/+ b>ri]s t d5y
 effective access to safe & legal       
abortion1 refra9 f introduc+ new b>ri]s 
to abortion1 & prev5t ! /igmatization ( 
^? seek+ abortion4  7#be7 ,int]national 
human rights exp]ts h condemn$ ! ,dobbs 
decision & regression on abortion rights
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m g5]ally z a        
violation ( human rights4 ,imm$iately ^u
 release ( ! decision1 !n-,,un ,high    
,commission] = ,human ,rights ,mi*elle  
,ba*elet reit]at$ human rights          
protections = abortion & ! impact t !   
decision w h on ! fundam5tal rights (   
millions )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 
p ) l[ incomes & p belong+ to racial &  
e?nic m9orities4 ,,un indep5d5t human   

rights exp]ts1 includ+ ! ,,un ,work+    
,gr\p on discrim9ation aga9/ wom5 &     
girls1 ! ,,un ,special ,rapporteur on ! 
"r to heal?1 & ! ,,un ,special          
,rapporteur on viol5ce aga9/ wom5 &     
girls1 simil>ly d5\nc$ ! decision4 ,at !
 conclusion ( a human rights review ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,augu/ #bjbb1 ! ,,un    
,committee on ! ,elim9ation ( ,racial   
,discrim9ation not$ deep conc]ns ) !    
,dobbs decision & recomm5d$ t ! ,unit$  
,/ates address ! disp>ate impact t x w h
 on racial & e?nic m9orities1 ,indig5\s 
wom51 & ^? ) l[ incomes4  7#bf7         
,abortion bans & re/rictions affect !   
co/ & availability ( abortion s]vices1 &
 ! sett+s 9 :i* abortion s]vices are    
deliv]$4 ,p travel across ,/ate l9es &  
o!rwise engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to    
access ?is ess5tial c>e4 ,likewise1     
heal? c>e provid]s travel across ,/ate  
l9es & o!rwise engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce
 9 ord] to provide abortion s]vices to  
pati5ts1 & m w\ld be =c$ to d s abs5t   
?is ,act4  7#bg7 ,legal limitations &   

requirem5ts impos$ ^u heal? c>e provid]s
 or pati5ts inv>iably affect comm]ce ov]
 :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates has jurisdiction4  
,heal? c>e provid]s engage 9 a =m (     
economic & comm]cial activity :5 !y     
provide abortion s]vices1 & !re is an   
int]/ate m>ket = abortion s]vices4      
7#bh7 ,abortion bans & re/rictions      
sub/antially affect int]/ate comm]ce 9  
num]\s ways4 ,= example1 to provide     
abortion s]vices1 heal? c>e provid]s    
engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to pur*ase    
m$ic9e1 m$ical equipm5t1 & o!r necess>y 
goods & s]vices4 ,to provide & assi/    
o!rs 9 provid+ abortion s]vices1 heal?  
c>e provid]s engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce  
to obta9 & provide tra9+4 ,to provide   
abortion s]vices1 heal? c>e provid]s    
employ & obta9 comm]cial s]vices f      
doctors1 nurses1 & o!r p]sonnel :o      
engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce1 includ+ by   
travel+ across ,/ate l9es4 ,individuals 
engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce by obta9+     
abortion s]vices1 includ+ m$ic9e &      
telem$ic9e s]vices (f]$ 9 ! int]/ate    

m>ket1 & travel+ across ,/ate l9es to   
obta9 abortion s]vices or assi/ o!rs 9  
obta9+ su* s]vices4  7#bi7 ,z a result (
 ! ,dobbs decision & att5dant increase 9
 abortion prohibitions & re/rictions 9 a
 subset ( ,/ates1 !re has be5 a         
significant increase 9 ! burd5 on       
int]/ate comm]ce4 ,9 j ! fir/ cal5d> ye>
 aft] ,dobbs1 an e/imat$ #aga1jjj p     
travel$ across ,/ate l9es to obta9      
abortion c>e1 m ?an d\bl+ ! e/imat$     
#gc1ajj p t travel$ across ,/ate l9es 9 
#bjai4  7#cj7 ,congress has ! au?ority  
to enact ?is ,act to protect access to  
abortion s]vices pursuant to--  7,a7 its
 p[]s "u ! comm]ce clause ( section #h (
 article ,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates2  7,b7 its p[]s "u section #e ( !
 ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates to en=ce ! provisions (  
section #a ( ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t2 &     
7,c7 its p[]s "u ! necess>y & prop]     
clause ( section #h ( article ,i ( !    
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#ca7  
,congress has us$ its au?ority 9 ! pa/  

to protect access to abortion s]vices & 
heal? c>e provid]s' ability to provide  
abortion s]vices4 ,9 ! e>ly #aiijs1     
prote/s & blockades at heal? c>e        
facilities :]e abortion s]vices 7       
provid$1 & associat$ viol5ce1 increas$  
dramatically & rea*$ crisis level1      
requir+ congressional action4 ,congress 
pass$ ! ,fre$om ( ,access to ,cl9ic     
,entrances ,act 7,public ,law #ajc-bei2 
#ajh ,/at4 #fid7 to address t situation 
& protect physical access to abortion   
s]vices4  7#cb7 ,congressional action is
 necess>y to put an end to h>mful       
re/rictions1 to protect access to       
abortion s]vices = ev]yone reg>dless (  
:]e !y live1 to protect ! ability (     
heal? c>e provid]s to provide ^! s]vices
 9 a safe & accessible mann]1 & to      
elim9ate unw>rant$ burd5s on comm]ce & !
 "r to travel4  #c4 ,purposes ,!        
purposes ( ?is ,act are z foll[s3  7#a7 
,to p]mit p to seek & obta9 abortion    
s]vices1 & to p]mit heal? c>e provid]s  
to provide abortion s]vices1 )\t h>mful 

or unw>rant$ limitations or requirem5ts 
t-- 7,a7 s+le out ! provision ( abortion
 s]vices = re/rictions t are m burd5some
 ?an ^? re/rictions impos$ on m$ically  
comp>able proc$ures2  7,b7 d n1 on !    
basis ( ! weight ( e/abli%$ cl9ical     
practice guidel9es consi/5t ) m$ical    
evid5ce1 significantly advance          
reproductive heal? or ! safety (        
abortion s]vices2 or  7,c7 make abortion
 s]vices m difficult to access4  7#b7   
,to promote access to abortion s]vices &
 !reby protect wom5's ability to        
p>ticipate equally 9 ! economic & social
 life ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#c7 ,to      
protect p's ability to make decisions   
ab\t _! bodies1 m$ical c>e1 family1 &   
life's c\rse4  7#d7 ,to elim9ate        
unw>rant$ burd5s on comm]ce & ! "r to   
travel4 ,abortion bans & re/rictions    
inv>iably affect comm]ce ov] :i* !      
,unit$ ,/ates has jurisdiction4 ,heal?  
c>e provid]s engage 9 economic &        
comm]cial activity :5 !y provide        
abortion s]vices4 ,moreov]1 !re is an   

int]/ate m>ket = abortion s]vices &1 9  
ord] to provide su* s]vices1 heal? c>e  
provid]s engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to   
pur*ase m$ic9e1 m$ical equipm5t1 & o!r  
necess>y goods & s]vices2 to obta9 &    
provide tra9+2 & to employ & obta9      
comm]cial s]vices f heal? c>e p]sonnel1 
_m ( :om !mselves engage 9 int]/ate     
comm]ce1 includ+ by travel+ across ,/ate
 l9es4 ,individuals engage 9 ! int]/ate 
m>ket by pur*as+ abortion s]vices1      
includ+ ! pur*ase1 use1 & consumption ( 
m$ic9e1 m$ical equipm5t1 & o!r necess>y 
goods & s]vices transit$ 9 ! /ream (    
int]/ate comm]ce1 ! receipt ( telem$ic9e
 s]vices1 & travel+ across ,/ate l9es to
 pur*ase & receive abortion s]vices or  
assi/ o!rs 9 pur*as+ or receiv+ su*     
s]vices4 ,! increase 9 abortion         
prohibitions & re/rictions 9 a subset ( 
,/ates s9ce #bjbb cause wom5 to travel  
to o!r ,/ates = abortion c>e1 :i*1 9    
turn1 affects ! heal? c>e sy/ems ( ^?   
,/ates t provide ! treatm5t & has       
expon5tially increas$ ! burd5 on        

int]/ate comm]ce & ! in/rum5talities (  
int]/ate comm]ce4 ,congress has !       
au?ority to enact ?is ,act to protect   
access to abortion s]vices pursuant to--
 7,a7 its p[]s "u ! comm]ce clause (    
section #h ( article ,i ( ! ,con/itution
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7,b7 its p[]s "u   
section #e ( ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t to !   
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to en=ce 
! provisions ( section #a ( ! ,f\rte5?  
,am5dm5t2 &  7,c7 its p[]s "u ! necess>y
 & prop] clause ( section #h ( article  
,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  
#d4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7       
,abortion s]vices ,! t]m abortion       
s]vices means an abortion & any m$ical  
or non-m$ical s]vices relat$ to &       
provid$ 9 conjunction ) an abortion     
7:e!r or n provid$ at ! same "t or on ! 
same day z ! abortion74  7#b7 ,gov]nm5t 
,! t]m gov]nm5t includes ea* bran*1     
dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 in/rum5tality1 &       
(ficial ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or a ,/ate4   
7#c7 ,heal? c>e provid] ,! t]m heal? c>e
 provid] means any entity 7includ+ any  

hospital1 cl9ic1 or ph>macy 7:e!r       
physical1 mobile1 or virtual77 or       
individual 7includ+ any physician1      
c]tifi$ nurse-midwife1 nurse            
practition]1 advanc$ practice cl9ician1 
regi/]$ nurse1 ph>maci/1 or physician   
assi/ant7 t--  7,a7 is engag$ or seeks  
to engage 9 ! deliv]y ( heal? c>e       
s]vices1 includ+ abortion s]vices2 &    
7,b7 if requir$ by law or regulation to 
be lic5s$ or c]tifi$ to engage 9 !      
deliv]y ( su* s]vices--  7i7 is s lic5s$
 or c]tifi$2 or  7ii7 w\ld be s lic5s$  
or c]tifi$ b = _! pa/1 pres5t1 or       
pot5tial provision ( abortion s]vices   
protect$ by section #e4  7#d7 ,m$ically 
comp>able proc$ures ,! t]m m$ically     
comp>able proc$ures means m$ical        
proc$ures t are simil>1 on ! basis ( !  
e/abli%$ cl9ical practice guidel9es     
consi/5t ) m$ical evid5ce1 9 t]ms (     
heal? & safety risks to ! pati5t1       
complexity1 or ! cl9ical sett+ t is     
indicat$4  7#e7 ,pregnancy ,! t]m       
pregnancy ref]s to ! p]iod ( ! human    

reproductive process beg9n+ ) !         
implantation ( a f]tiliz$ egg4  7#f7    
,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate includes ! ,di/rict (
 ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to     
,rico1 & ea* t]ritory & possession ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 & any subdivision ( any (
 ! =ego+1 includ+ any unit ( local      
gov]nm5t1 su* z a c\nty1 city1 t[n1     
village1 or o!r g5]al purpose political 
subdivision ( a ,/ate4  7#g7 ,viability 
,! t]m viability means ! po9t 9 a       
pregnancy at :i*1 9 ! good-fai? m$ical  
judgm5t ( ! treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 & 
bas$ on ! p>ticul> facts ( ! case be=e !
 heal? c>e provid]1 !re is a reasonable 
likelihood ( su/a9$ fetal survival      
outside ! ut]us ) or )\t artificial     
support4  #e4 ,protect$ activities &    
s]vices  7a7 ,g5]al rules  7#a7         
,pre-viability ,a heal? c>e provid] has 
a "r "u ?is ,act to provide su* abortion
 s]vices1 & a pati5t has a correspond+  
"r "u ?is ,act to t]m9ate a pregnancy   
prior to viability1 )\t be+ subject to  
any ( ! foll[+ limitations or           

requirem5ts3 7,a7 ,a prohibition on     
abortion prior to viability1 includ+ a  
prohibition or re/riction on a p>ticul> 
abortion proc$ure or me?od1 or a        
prohibition on provid+ or obta9+ su*    
abortions4  7,b7 ,a limitation on a     
heal? c>e provid]'s ability to prescribe
 or disp5se drugs t c\ld be us$ =       
reproductive heal? purposes bas$ on     
curr5t evid5ce-bas$ regim5s or !        
provid]'s good-fai? m$ical judgm5t1 or a
 limitation on a pati5t's ability to    
receive or use su* drugs1 o!r ?an a     
limitation g5]ally applicable to !      
prescription1 disp5s+1 or di/ribution ( 
drugs4  7,c7 ,a limitation on a heal?   
c>e provid]'s ability to provide1 or a  
pati5t's ability to receive1 abortion   
s]vices via telem$ic9e1 o!r ?an a       
limitation g5]ally applicable to !      
provision ( m$ically comp>able s]vices  
via telem$ic9e4  7,d7 ,a limitation or  
prohibition on a pati5t's ability to    
receive1 or a provid]'s ability to      
provide1 abortion s]vices 9 a ,/ate bas$

 on ! ,/ate ( resid5cy ( ! pati5t1 or a 
prohibition or limitation on ! ability (
 any individual to assi/ or support a   
pati5t seek+ abortion4  7,e7 ,a         
requirem5t t a heal? c>e provid] p]=m   
specific te/s or m$ical proc$ures 9     
connection ) ! provision ( abortion     
s]vices 7includ+ prior to or subsequ5t  
to ! abortion71 unless su* te/s or      
proc$ures are /&>d to e/abli%$ cl9ical  
practice guidel9es consi/5t ) m$ical    
evid5ce p]ta9+ to abortion s]vices4     
7,f7 ,a requirem5t t a heal? c>e provid]
 (f] or provide a pati5t seek+ abortion 
s]vices m$ically inaccurate in=mation t 
is n compatible ) e/abli%$ cl9ical      
practice guidel9es4  7,g7 ,a limitation 
or requirem5t conc]n+ ! physical plant1 
equipm5t1 /aff+1 or hospital transf]    
arrangem5ts ( facilities :]e abortion   
s]vices are provid$1 or ! cr$5tials or  
hospital privileges or /atus ( p]sonnel 
at su* facilities1 t is n impos$ on     
facilities or ! p]sonnel ( facilities   
:]e m$ically comp>able proc$ures are    

p]=m$4  7,h7 ,a requirem5t t1 prior to  
obta9+ an abortion1 a pati5t make "o or 
m m$ically unnecess>y 9-p]son visits to 
! provid] ( abortion s]vices or to any  
individual or entity t does n provide   
abortion s]vices4  7,i7 ,a limitation on
 a heal? c>e provid]'s ability to       
provide imm$iate abortion s]vices :5 t  
heal? c>e provid] believes1 bas$ on !   
good-fai? m$ical judgm5t ( ! provid]1 t 
delay w\ld pose a risk to ! pati5t's    
life or heal?4  7,j7 ,a requirem5t t a  
pati5t seek+ abortion s]vices at any    
po9t or po9ts 9 "t prior to viability   
disclose ! pati5t's reason or reasons = 
seek+ abortion s]vices1 or a limitation 
on provid+ or obta9+ abortion s]vices at
 any po9t or po9ts 9 "t prior to        
viability bas$ on any actual1 p]ceiv$1  
or pot5tial reason or reasons ( ! pati5t
 = obta9+ abortion s]vices1 reg>dless ( 
:e!r ! limitation is bas$ on a heal? c>e
 provid]'s actual or con/ructive k ( su*
 reason or reasons4  7#b7 ,po/-viability
  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a heal? c>e provid] has

 a "r "u ?is ,act to provide abortion   
s]vices & a pati5t has a correspond+ "r 
"u ?is ,act to t]m9ate a pregnancy aft] 
viability :51 9 ! good-fai? m$ical      
judgem5t ( ! treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 x
 is necess>y to protect ! life or heal? 
( ! pati5t4 ,?is subp>agraph %all n     
o!rwise apply aft] viability4  7,b7     
,additional circum/ances ,a ,/ate may   
provide additional circum/ances "u :i*  
po/-viability abortions are p]mitt$4    
7,c7 ,limitation ,9 ! case :]e a        
t]m9ation ( a pregnancy aft] viability1 
9 ! good-fai? m$ical judgem5t ( ! treat+
 heal? c>e provid]1 is necess>y to      
protect ! life or heal? ( ! pati5t1 none
 ( ! limitations or requirem5ts describ$
 9 p>agraph 7#a7 %all be impos$ by law4 
7b7 ,o!r limitations or requirem5ts ,!  
rights describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 %all n 
be limit$ or o!rwise infr+$ ?r\gh any   
o!r limitation or requirem5t t-- 7#a7   
expressly1 effectively1 implicitly1 or z
 implem5t$1 t>gets abortion1 ! provision
 ( abortion s]vices1 individuals :o seek

 abortion s]vices or :o provide         
assi/ance & support to ^? seek+ abortion
 s]vices1 heal? c>e provid]s :o provide 
abortion s]vices1 or facilities 9 :i*   
abortion s]vices are provid$2 &  7#b7   
imp$es access to abortion s]vices4  7c7 
,factors = consid]ation ,a c\rt may     
consid] ! foll[+ factors1 among o!rs1 9 
det]m9+ :e!r a limitation or requirem5t 
imp$es access to abortion s]vices =     
purposes ( subsection 7b77#b73  7#a7    
,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t1 9 a   
provid]'s good-fai? m$ical judgm5t1     
int]f]es ) a heal? c>e provid]'s ability
 to provide c>e & r5d] s]vices1 or poses
 a risk to ! pati5t's heal? or safety4  
7#b7 ,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is
 reasonably likely to delay or det] a   
pati5t 9 access+ abortion s]vices4  7#c7
 ,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is    
reasonably likely to directly or        
indirectly increase ! co/ ( provid+     
abortion s]vices or ! co/ = obta9+      
abortion s]vices su* z co/s associat$ ) 
travel1 *ild c>e1 or "t (f "w4  7#d7    

,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is     
reasonably likely to h ! effect (       
necessitat+ pati5t travel t w\ld n      
o!rwise h be5 requir$1 includ+ by mak+ x
 necess>y = a pati5t to travel out (    
,/ate to obta9 s]vices4  7#e7 ,:e!r !   
limitation or requirem5t is reasonably  
likely to result 9 a decrease 9 !       
availability ( abortion s]vices 9 a giv5
 ,/ate or geographic region4  7#f7 ,:e!r
 ! limitation or requirem5t imposes     
p5alties t are n impos$ on o!r heal? c>e
 provid]s = comp>able conduct or failure
 to act1 or t are m sev]e ?an p5alties  
impos$ on o!r heal? c>e provid]s =      
comp>able conduct or failure to act4    
7#g7 ,! cumulative impact ( ! limitation
 or requirem5t comb9$ ) o!r limitations 
or requirem5ts4  7d7 ,exception ,to     
def5d aga9/ a claim t a limitation or   
requirem5t violates a heal? c>e         
provid]'s or pati5t's rights "u         
subsection 7b7 a p>ty mu/ e/abli%1 by   
cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce1 t ! limitation  
or requirem5t is ess5tial to            

significantly advance ! safety (        
abortion s]vices or ! heal? ( pati5ts & 
t ! safety or heal? objective _c be     
accompli%$ by a diff]5t means t does n  
int]f]e ) ! "r protect$ "u subsection   
7b74  #f4 ,protection ( ! "r to travel  
,a p]son has a fundam5tal "r "u !       
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ?is    
,act to travel to a ,/ate o!r ?an !     
p]son's ,/ate ( resid5ce1 includ+ to    
obta9 reproductive heal? s]vices su* z  
pr5atal1 *ildbir?1 f]tility1 & abortion 
s]vices1 & a p]son has a "r "u ?is ,act 
to assi/ ano!r p]son to obta9 su*       
s]vices or o!rwise ex]cise ! "r describ$
 9 ?is section4  #g4 ,applicability &   
preemption  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7 ,sup]s$+ 
inconsi/5t laws ,except z provid$ "u    
subsection 7b71 ?is ,act %all sup]s$e   
any inconsi/5t ,f$]al or ,/ate law1 & ! 
implem5tation ( su* law1 :e!r /atutory1 
common law1 or o!rwise1 & :e!r adopt$   
prior to or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act4 ,a ,f$]al or ,/ate gov]nm5t      
(ficial %all n adm9i/]1 implem5t1 or    

en=ce any law1 rule1 regulation1 /&>d1  
or o!r provision hav+ ! =ce & effect (  
law t conflicts ) any provision ( ?is   
,act1 not)/&+ any o!r provision ( ,f$]al
 law1 includ+ ! ,religi\s ,fre$om       
,re/oration ,act ( #aiic 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#bjjj;bb et seq474  7#b7 ,laws aft] date
 ( enactm5t ,f$]al law enact$ aft] !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all be    
subject to ?is ,act unless su* law      
explicitly excludes su* application by  
ref]5ce to ?is ,act4  7b7 ,limitations  
,! provisions ( ?is ,act %all n sup]s$e 
or apply to--  7#a7 laws regulat+       
physical access to cl9ic entrances1 su* 
z ! ,fre$om ( ,access to ,cl9ic         
,entrances ,act ( #aiid 7#ah ,u4,s4,c4  
#bdh72  7#b7 laws regulat+ insurance or 
m$ical assi/ance cov]age ( abortion     
s]vices2  7#c7 ! proc$ure describ$ 9    
section #aeca7;b77#a7 ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 or  7#d7 g5]ally   
applicable ,/ate contract law4  7c7     
,preemption def5se ,9 any legal or      
adm9i/rative action aga9/ a p]son or    

entity :o has ex]cis$ or attempt$ to    
ex]cise a "r protect$ by section #e or  
#f or aga9/ any p]son or entity :o has  
tak5 any /ep to assi/ any su* p]son or  
entity 9 ex]cis+ su* "r1 ?is ,act %all  
also apply to1 & may be rais$ z a def5se
 by1 su* p]son or entity1 9 addition to 
! rem$ies specifi$ 9 section #i4  #h4   
,rules ( con/ruction  7a7 ,lib]al       
con/ruction by c\rts ,9 any action be=e 
a c\rt "u ?is ,act1 ! c\rt %all lib]ally
 con/rue ! provisions ( ?is ,act to     
effectuate ! purposes ( ! ,act4  7b7    
,protection ( life & heal? ,no?+ 9 ?is  
,act %all be con/ru$ to au?orize any    
gov]nm5t (ficial to int]f]e )1 dim9i%1  
or negatively affect a p]son's ability  
to obta9 or provide abortion s]vices    
prior to viability1 or aft] viability   
:51 9 ! good-fai? m$ical judgm5t ( !    
treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 cont9uation ( 
! pregnancy w\ld pose a risk to !       
pregnant pati5t's life or heal?4  7c7   
,gov]nm5t (ficials ,any p]son :o1 by    
op]ation ( a provision ( ,f$]al or ,/ate

 law1 includ+ ?r\gh ! grant ( a private 
cause ( action1 is p]mitt$ to implem5t  
or en=ce a limitation or requirem5t t   
violates section #e or #f %all be       
consid]$ a gov]nm5t (ficial = purposes (
 ?is ,act4  #i4 ,en=cem5t  7a7 ,attorney
 ,g5]al ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may comm5ce 
a civil action on behalf ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates 9 any di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates aga9/ any ,/ate t violates1 or   
aga9/ any gov]nm5t (ficial 7includ+ a   
p]son describ$ 9 section #h7;c77 :o     
implem5ts or en=ces a limitation or     
requirem5t t violates1 section #e or #f4
 ,! c\rt %all decl>e unlawful !         
limitation or requirem5t if x is det]m9$
 to be 9 violation ( ?is ,act4  7b7     
,private "r ( action  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any
 individual or entity adv]sely affect$  
by an alleg$ violation ( ?is ,act1      
includ+ any p]son or heal? c>e provid]1 
may comm5ce a civil action aga9/ any    
gov]nm5t (ficial 7includ+ a p]son       
describ$ 9 section 7c77 t implem5ts or  
en=ces a limitation or requirem5t t     

violates section #e or #f4 ,! c\rt %all 
decl>e unlawful ! limitation or         
requirem5t if x is det]m9$ to be 9      
violation ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,heal? c>e  
provid] ,a heal? c>e provid] may comm5ce
 an action = relief on its own behalf1  
on behalf ( ! provid]'s /aff1 & on      
behalf ( ! provid]'s pati5ts :o are or  
may be adv]sely affect$ by an alleg$    
violation ( ?is ,act4  7c7              
,pre-,en=cem5t *all5ges ,a suit "u      
subsection 7a7 or 7b7 may be br\ght to  
prev5t en=cem5t or implem5tation ( a    
,/ate limitation or requirem5t t is     
inconsi/5t ) section #e or #f4  7d7     
,decl>atory & equitable relief ,9 any   
action "u ?is section1 ! c\rt may aw>d  
appropriate decl>atory & equitable      
relief1 includ+ tempor>y1 prelim9>y1 or 
p]man5t injunctive relief4  7e7 ,co/s ,9
 any action "u ?is section1 ! c\rt %all 
aw>d co/s ( litigation1 z well z        
reasonable attorney's fees1 to any      
prevail+ pla9tiff4 ,a pla9tiff %all n be
 liable to a def5dant = co/s or         

attorney's fees 9 any non-frivol\s      
action "u ?is section4  7f7             
,jurisdiction ,! di/rict c\rts ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates %all h jurisdiction ov]   
proce$+s "u ?is ,act & %all ex]cise !   
same )\t reg>d to :e!r ! p>ty aggriev$  
%all h exhau/$ any adm9i/rative or o!r  
rem$ies t may be provid$ = by law4  7g7 
,abrogation ( ,/ate immunity ,nei!r a   
,/ate t en=ces or ma9ta9s1 nor a        
gov]nm5t (ficial 7includ+ a p]son       
describ$ 9 section #h7;c77 :o is p]mitt$
 to implem5t or en=ce any limitation or 
requirem5t t violates section #e or #f  
%all be immune "u ! ,t5? ,am5dm5t to !  
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !       
,elev5? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 or any o!r s\rce ( law1 f
 an action 9 a ,f$]al or ,/ate c\rt (   
compet5t jurisdiction *all5g+ t         
limitation or requirem5t1 unless su*    
immunity is requir$ by cle>ly e/abli%$  
,f$]al law1 z det]m9$ by ! ,supreme     
,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #aj4          
,effective date ,?is ,act %all take     

effect ^u ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 
#aa4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision (   
?is ,act1 or ! application ( su*        
provision to any p]son1 entity1         
gov]nm5t1 or circum/ance1 is held to be 
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act1  
or ! application ( su* provision to all 
o!r p]sons1 entities1 gov]nm5ts1 or     
circum/ances1 %all n be affect$ !reby4