,i  #aai? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ajgai  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(         
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #a1 #bjbf,mr4 
,:itesides 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,k5n$y (    
,utah1 ,ms4 ,matsui1 & ,mrs4            
,mill]-,meeks7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,en]gy &
 ,comm]ce1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee 
on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 & ,te*nology1 = a   
p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by !    
,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*
 provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( !
 committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to      
e/abli% age-appropriate design /&>ds &  
safety safegu>ds = artificial           
intellig5ce *atbots access$ by m9ors1 & 
= o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title  ,?is  
,act may be cit$ z ! ,protect+ ,kids f  
,human-,l ,*atbots ,act4  #b4           
,limitation on p]sonifi$ *atbots        
available to m9ors = use  7a7 ,develop] 
requirem5ts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z    
provid$ 9 subsection 7f77#c71 x %all be 
unlawful = a develop] to make a *atbot t
 does n satisfy ! requirem5ts ( p>agraph

 7#b7 available z a s]vice = deploym5t  
to consum]s t su* develop] kn[s1 or     
reasonably %\ld "k1 w be available to1  
or is reasonably likely to be us$ by1 a 
m9or4  7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,a *atbot t    
satisfies ! requirem5ts ( ?is subsection
 is a *atbot t--  7,a7 is design$-- 7i7 
to support ! non-p]sonifi$ default      
sett+2  7ii7 s t ! non-p]sonifi$ default
 sett+ is active ^u ! fir/ int]action ( 
any us] ) ! *atbot1 unless a reasonable 
det]m9ation has be5 made1 on ! basis ( !
 totality ( ! in=mation describ$ 9      
section #c7e77;,b71 t ! us] is n a m9or2
  7iii7 to require no action f a m9or1  
or a p>5t or a legal gu>dian ( a m9or to
 enable ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+2 &
  7iv7 9 a mann] t ensures !            
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ & any o!r   
op]ational sett+ are te*nically         
sep>able1 su* t a provid] c activate !  
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ = a m9or us]
 & re/rict ! access ( su* us] to any o!r
 op]ational sett+2 &  7,b7 is capable ( 
prev5t+ ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ f 

be+ dis5gag$ ) respect to a us] = :om a 
det]m9ation describ$ 9 subp>agraph      
7,a77ii7 has n be5 made4  7b7 ,provid]  
requirem5ts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z    
provid$ 9 subsection 7f77#d71 a provid] 
may n make a *atbot available to end    
us]s unless1 ) respect to su* *atbot1 ! 
provid]-- 7,a7 ensures t1 ) respect to  
any us] ! provid] kn[s or has reason to 
"k is a m9or1 ! default op]ational sett+
 ( ! *atbot is ! non-p]sonifi$ default  
sett+2  7,b7 ma9ta9s a p>5tal controls  
framework t enables a p>5t or legal     
gu>dian1 or1 ) respect to a s*ool-manag$
 deploym5t1 ! educational ag5cy or      
in/itution or an au?oriz$ educator act+ 
on behalf ( su* ag5cy or in/itution1 to 
manage ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+1 & 
sett+s relat$ to su* sett+1 ) respect to
 ! acc\nt ( a us] ! provid] kn[s or has 
reason to "k is a m9or2  7,c7 includes  
an acc\nt framework capable ( support+ !
 non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ & ! p>5tal 
controls framework1 except ) respect to 
a deploym5t 9 :i* ! non-p]sonifi$       

default sett+ is ! only op]ational sett+
 available to any us] & _c be dis5gag$2 
7,d7 p]mits ! non-p]sonifi$ default     
sett+ to be adju/$ only ?r\gh an        
affirmative1 delib]ate action 9 acc\nt  
sett+s by a p]son au?oriz$ "u subsection
 7e71 & does n prompt1 sugge/1 or       
facilitate any su* adju/m5t ?r\gh *atbot
 engagem5t or design elem5ts2 &  7,e7   
does n modify1 ov]ride1 suppress1 or    
o!rwise int]f]e ) ! non-p]sonifi$       
default sett+1 includ+ ?r\gh sy/em-level
 in/ructions or int]face design1 9 a    
mann] t causes ! non-p]sonifi$ default  
sett+ ( ! *atbot to fail to comply )    
section #c7g74  7#b7 ,rule ( con/ruction
 ,= purposes ( p>agraph 7#a77;,b71 a    
p>5tal controls framework t det]m9es    
:e!r a p]son is ! p>5t or legal gu>dian 
( a m9or us] solely on ! basis (        
/atem5ts by any individual1 includ+ !   
m9or us]1 does n enable a provid] to    
reasonably confirm t ! non-p]sonifi$    
default sett+ ( ! acc\nt ( ! m9or us] is
 manag$ by a p>5t or legal gu>dian ( !  

m9or us]4  7c7 ,dual-,role entities ,an 
entity t is bo? a develop] & a provid] )
 respect to ! same *atbot %all satisfy !
 requirem5ts ( bo? subsection 7a7 &     
subsection 7b7 ) respect to su* *atbot4 
7d7 ,prohibition on nudg+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,a develop] or provid] subject to      
subsection 7a7 or 7b7 may n1 ?r\gh any  
means1 includ+ ! means specifi$ 9       
p>agraph 7#b71 nudge1 prompt1 sugge/1   
enc\rage1 or o!rwise induce a us] !     
develop] or provid] kn[s or has reason  
to "k is a m9or1 or = :om a det]m9ation 
describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b77;,a77ii7  
has n be5 made1 to disable1 modify1 or  
circumv5t ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ 
or to misrepres5t ! age ( ! us]4  7#b7  
,specifi$ means ,! means specifi$ 9 ?is 
p>agraph are z foll[s3  7,a7 ,tra9+1    
f9e-tun+1 rew>d optimization1 or        
sy/em-level in/ructions design$ or      
optimiz$ to g5]ate responses t enc\rage 
or reque/ t ! m9or alt] communication or
 op]ational sett+s4  7,b7 ,int]face     
design elem5ts1 d>k patt]ns1 or         

notifications t direct or enc\rage us]s 
to alt] ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+4  
7,c7 ,any repres5tation to ! m9or1 )    
respect to ! *atbot1 t ! p]=mance1      
utility1 or relation%ip to ! m9or w     
improve if ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+
 is disabl$4  7e7 ,adju/m5ts (          
non-,p]sonifi$ default sett+  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71
 ! p>5t or legal gu>dian ( a us] :o is a
 m9or %all h exclusive au?ority to      
adju/1 us+ ! p>5tal controls framework1 
! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ ( ! *atbot
 ) :i* su* us] is int]act+4  7#b7       
,s*ool-manag$ deploym5ts  7,a7          
,exclusion  ,p>agraph 7#a7 %all n apply 
) respect to s*ool-manag$ deploym5ts (  
*atbots4  7,b7  ,au?oriz$ educators  ,an
 au?oriz$ educator1 act+ on behalf ( an 
educational ag5cy or in/itution1 may    
adju/ ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ ( a 
*atbot deploy$ pursuant to a            
s*ool-manag$ deploym5t if su* adju/m5t--
  7i7 is = a bona fide educational      
purpose2 &  7ii7 applies only to acc\nts

 provision$ by su* educational ag5cy or 
in/itution4  7f7 ,rules ( con/ruction   
7#a7 ,provid] liability %ield  7,a7 ,9  
g5]al ,a provid] t implem5ts1 )\t       
mat]ial modification1 a non-p]sonifi$   
default sett+ design$ by a develop] 9   
compliance ) subsection 7a7 %all n be   
liable "u ?is ,act = a failure ( su*    
sett+ t is attributable to ! design (   
su* sett+4  7,b7 ,exclusion ,subp>agraph
 7,a7 %all n apply to a provid] describ$
 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,b74  7#b7 ,develop]  
liability %ield ,a develop] 9 compliance
 ) subsection 7a7 %all n be liable "u   
?is ,act = ! failure ( a provid] to     
activate1 configure1 or ma9ta9 !        
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ :ile !      
*atbot is deploy$4  7#c7 ,develop] t]ms 
prohibit+ deploym5t to m9ors  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,subsection 7a7 %all n apply to a 
develop] ) respect to a deploym5t ( a   
*atbot by a provid] if ! develop]--  7i7
 contractually prohibits ! provid] f    
mak+ ! *atbot available to m9ors1 or f  
deploy+ ! *atbot 9 a mann] reasonably   

likely to result 9 use by m9ors2  7ii7  
obta9s f ! provid]1 be=e mak+ ! *atbot  
available to ! provid]1 an affirmative  
repres5tation t ! provid] w n deploy !  
*atbot 9 a mann] reasonably likely to   
result 9 use by m9ors2  7iii7 does n "k1
 & does n h k fairly impli$ on ! basis (
 objective circum/ances1 t ! provid] is 
mak+ ! *atbot available to m9ors 9      
violation ( su* prohibition2 &  7iv7 ^u 
obta9+ su* k1 susp5ds or t]m9ates !     
provid]'s access to ! *atbot n lat] ?an 
#ad days !reaft]1 unless ! provid] has  
cur$ ! violation )9 su* p]iod4  7,b7    
,provid] treat$ z a develop] ,a provid] 
t makes a *atbot available to m9ors 9   
violation ( a prohibition describ$ 9    
subp>agraph 7,a77i7-- 7i7 %all be treat$
 z ! develop] ( su* *atbot = purposes ( 
?is section ) respect to ! deploym5t (  
su* *atbot2 &  7ii7 %all n be entitl$ to
 ! provid] liability %ield "u p>agraph  
7#a7 ) respect to su* deploym5t4  7,c7  
,effect on develop] k ,a deploym5t to   
:i* subp>agraph 7,a7 applies may n be   

consid]$ 9 det]m9ations ( :e!r a        
develop] kn[s or reasonably %\ld "k t a 
*atbot w be available to1 or is         
reasonably likely to be us$ by1 m9ors = 
purposes ( subsection 7a74  7#d7        
,provid]s t d n s]ve m9ors  7,a7 ,9     
g5]al ,subsections 7b7 & 7e7 %all n     
apply to a provid] ) respect to a *atbot
 if ! provid]-- 7i7 prohibits m9ors f   
creat+ an acc\nt =1 access+1 or us+ !   
*atbot "u ! t]ms ( s]vice ( ! provid]2  
7ii7 requires ea* us]1 at ! "t ( acc\nt 
creation1 to affirmatively repres5t t ! 
us] is n a m9or2  7iii7 does n direct ! 
*atbot to m9ors1 tak+ into acc\nt !     
subject matt]1 visual & audio cont5t1   
m>ket+1 & actual audi5ce composition ( !
 *atbot & ! o!r factors describ$ 9      
section #cab4b ( title #af1 ,code (     
,f$]al ,regulations 7or any successor   
regulation71 = det]m9+ :e!r a website or
 onl9e s]vice is direct$ to m9ors2  7iv7
 susp5ds or t]m9ates ! access ( a us] to
 ! *atbot n lat] ?an-- 7,i7 #dh h\rs    
aft] ! date on :i* ! provid] obta9s     

actual k t ! us] is a m9or2 or  7,,ii7  
#ad days aft] ! date on :i* ! provid]   
o!rwise has reason to "k1 z describ$ 9  
section #c7e77;,a77ii71 t ! us] is a    
m9or2  7v7 does n p]mit a us] ! provid] 
kn[s or has reason to "k is a m9or ^:   
access 0 susp5d$ or t]m9at$ "u clause   
7iv7 to access ! *atbot ?r\gh a new     
acc\nt2 &  7vi7 does n1 ?r\gh any means 
describ$ 9 subsection 7d77#b71 enc\rage 
or induce a us] to misrepres5t ! age ( !
 us]4  7,b7 ,con=m+ treatm5t ,) respect 
to a *atbot made available by a provid] 
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7--  7i7 a    
repres5tation describ$ 9 clause 7ii7 (  
su* subp>agraph %all be deem$ to        
con/itute a det]m9ation describ$ 9      
subsection 7a77#b77;,a77ii7 ) respect to
 ! us] mak+ su* repres5tation1 unless ! 
in=mation describ$ 9 section #c7e77;,b7 
w\ld lead a reasonable provid] to       
det]m9e t ! us] is likely to be a m9or2 
&  7ii7 su* deploym5t %all n be consid]$
 9 det]m9+ :e!r a develop] kn[s or      
reasonably %\ld "k t a *atbot w be      

available to1 or is reasonably likely to
 be us$ by1 m9ors4  7g7 ,public input ,n
 lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( !     
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,national        
,in/itute ( ,/&>ds & ,te*nology1 9      
coord9ation ) ! ,f$]al ,trade           
,commission1 %all-- 7#a7 publi% a reque/
 = in=mation solicit+ public comm5t on !
 te*nical1 developm5t1 & implem5tation  
consid]ations relevant to ?is ,act2 &   
7#b7 conv5e n few] ?an #a public work%op
 to receive input f *atbot develop]s &  
provid]s1 te*nical exp]ts1 *ild         
developm5t exp]ts1 & o!r int]e/$ p>ties4
  7h7 ,te*nical /&>ds & guidance  7#a7  
,int]im guidance ,n lat] ?an #f mon?s   
aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !  
,director ( ! ,national ,in/itute (     
,/&>ds & ,te*nology %all publi% = public
 comm5t int]im volunt>y te*nical        
guidance t includes ! elem5ts describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#c74  7#b7 ,f9al guidance ,n 
lat] ?an #ah mon?s aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director %all   
publi% f9al volunt>y te*nical guidance t

 includes su* elem5ts4 ,9 develop+ su*  
f9al guidance1 ! ,director %all         
consid]-- 7,a7 public comm5ts ) respect 
to ! int]im guidance "u p>agraph 7#a72  
7,b7 input receiv$ "u subsection 7g72 & 
7,c7 any volunt>y cons5sus te*nical     
/&>ds develop$ "u p>agraph 7#d74  7#c7  
,elem5ts ,cons5sus te*nical /&>ds or    
te*nical guidance develop$ pursuant to  
?is subsection %all-- 7,a7 provide      
te*nical specifications & te/+          
me?odologies = assess+ :e!r *atbot      
designs & deploym5ts con=m to !         
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+2  7,b7      
id5tify example outputs t d & d n con=m 
to ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+2  7,c7 
address te*nical approa*es to ma9ta9+ ! 
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+1 includ+    
sy/em prompt design1 f9e-tun+ protocols1
 rew>d function optimization1 & alignm5t
 te*niques2  7,d7 e/abli% evaluation    
b5*m>ks1 r$-team+ me?odologies1 & te/   
datasets to assess :e!r model           
configurations & sy/em-level in/ructions
 con=m to ! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+2

  7,e7 address implem5tation (          
s*ool-manag$ deploym5t2  7,f7 direct h[ 
! au?ority ( an educator is au!nticat$2 
7,g7 address ! tim+1 frequ5cy1 & =m ( ! 
disclosures describ$ 9 section          
#c7g77;,a71 includ+ :at con/itutes an   
ext5d$ int]action ) a *atbot2 &  7,h7   
address me?ods by :i* a provid] may     
reasonably confirm t ! non-p]sonifi$    
default sett+ ( ! acc\nt ( a m9or us] is
 manag$ by a p>5t or legal gu>dian ( su*
 us]1 includ+ ! te*nical & proc$ural    
controls appropriate = su* confirmation4
  7#d7 ,cons5sus te*nical /&>ds ,!      
,director %all c>ry out activities to   
support ! developm5t ( volunt>y cons5sus
 te*nical /&>ds ) respect to ! matt]s   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c74  7#e7         
,p>tn]%ips ,9 c>ry+ out activities "u   
?is subsection1 ! ,director may ent]    
into a coop]ative agreem5t ) appropriate
 nongov]nm5tal organizations1 includ+   
/&>ds developm5t organizations1 to      
facilitate ! developm5t ( cons5sus      
te*nical /&>ds or te*nical guidance     

describ$ 9 ?is subsection4  7#f7        
,outrea* ,! ,director %all conduct      
outrea* & coord9ation activities to %>e 
te*nical exp]tise ) relevant private    
sector entities1 in/itutions ( high]    
education1 nonpr(it organizations1 /&>ds
 developm5t organizations1 & ,f$]al     
ag5cies1 to support ! developm5t (      
cons5sus te*nical /&>ds & te*nical      
guidance describ$ 9 ?is subsection4     
7#g7 ,p]iodic update ,n less frequ5tly  
?an once e #b ye>s aft] ! publication ( 
f9al guidance "u p>agraph 7#b71 !       
,director %all review &1 z appropriate1 
update su* guidance to reflect          
developm5ts 9 te*nology & volunt>y      
cons5sus te*nical /&>ds4  7#h7 ,rule (  
con/ruction  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,no?+ 9 ?is  
subsection may be con/ru$ to impose any 
requirem5t on a develop] or provid]4    
7,b7 ,effect ( compliance ) guidance    
,con=mity ) guidance publi%$ "u ?is     
subsection %all h ! effect provid$ 9    
subp>agraphs 7,c7 & 7,d7 ( subsection   
7i77#c74  7i7 ,en=cem5t by ,f$]al ,trade

 ,commission  7#a7 ,unfair or deceptive 
acts or practices ,a violation (        
subsection 7a71 7b71 or 7d7 %all be     
treat$ z a violation ( a regulation "u  
section #ah7;a77#a77;,b7 ( ! ,f$]al     
,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4  
#eg;a7a77#a77;,b77 reg>d+ unfair or     
deceptive acts or practices4  7#b7 ,p[]s
 ( ,commission ,! ,f$]al ,trade         
,commission %all en=ce subsections 7a71 
7b71 & 7d7 9 ! same mann]1 by ! same    
means1 & ) ! same jurisdiction1 p[]s1 & 
duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms &     
provisions ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq47 7     
incorporat$ into & made a "p ( ?is ,act4
 ,any p]son :o violates su* subsections 
%all be subject to ! p5alties & entitl$ 
to ! privileges & immunities provid$ 9 !
 ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act4  7#c7  
,p5alties  7,a7 ,di/9ct violations ,=   
purposes ( calculat+ civil p5alties--   
7i7 ea* m9or us] ) respect to :om a     
provid] fails to comply %all con/itute a
 sep>ate & di/9ct violation ( subsection

 7a71 7b71 or 7d72 &  7ii7 ea* *atbot1  
or di/9ct v]sion ( a *atbot1 t a        
develop] makes available 9 violation (  
subsection 7a7 %all con/itute a sep>ate 
& di/9ct violation ) respect to ea*     
provid] to :i*1 & ea* deploym5t ?r\gh   
:i*1 su* *atbot is made available1 )\t  
reg>d to ! numb] ( end us]s ( any su*   
deploym5t4  7,b7 ,cont9u+ violations ,if
 a develop] or provid] fails to rem$iate
 a violation )9 #cj days aft] receiv+   
writt5 notice ( su* violation f ! ,f$]al
 ,trade ,commission1 ea* day ( cont9u$  
noncompliance !reaft] con/itutes a      
sep>ate violation ) respect to ea*      
affect$ m9or us]4  7,c7 ,good fai?      
compliance %ield ,no civil p5alty %all  
apply ) respect to any p]iod dur+ :i* a 
develop] or provid] implem5t$ !         
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ 9 mat]ial   
con=mity )--  7i7 ! int]im guidance "u  
subsection 7h77#a71 be=e ! date on :i* !
 f9al guidance "u subsection 7h77#b7 is 
issu$2 or  7ii7 ! f9al guidance "u      
subsection 7h77#b74  7,d7 ,/&>d (       

con=mity  7i7 ,det]m9ations ,:e!r !     
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ ( a *atbot  
con=ms to subp>agraphs 7,b7 & 7,c7 (    
section #c7g7 %all be det]m9$ on ! basis
 ( outputs ( ! *atbot 9 ! ord9>y c\rse (
 op]ation1 z demon/rat$ ?r\gh te/+      
consi/5t ) ! guidance publi%$ "u        
subsection 7h74  7ii7 ,noncon=m+ outputs
 ,an isolat$ noncon=m+ output %all n1 by
 itself1 e/abli% noncon=mance if !      
develop] or provid] has te/$ ! sett+ 9  
accordance ) su* guidance & promptly    
corrects ! cause ( su* output4  7iii7   
,effect ( compliance ,a *atbot t        
satisfies ! te/+ me?odologies conta9$ 9 
su* guidance %all be presum$ to con=m to
 su* subp>agraphs1 subject to rebuttal  
by evid5ce ( a patt]n ( noncon=m+       
outputs4  7j7 ,actions by ,/ates  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,9 any case 9 :i* ! attorney   
g5]al ( a ,/ate1 or an (ficial or ag5cy 
( a ,/ate1 has reason to believe t an   
int]e/ ( ! resid5ts ( su* ,/ate has be5 
or is ?reat5$ or adv]sely affect$ by an 
act or practice 9 violation ( subsection

 7a71 7b71 or 7d71 ! ,/ate1 z p>5s      
patriae1 may br+ a civil action on      
behalf ( ! resid5ts ( ! ,/ate 9 an      
appropriate ,/ate c\rt or an appropriate
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to--    
7,a7 enjo9 su* act or practice2  7,b7   
en=ce compliance ) su* subsection1 or   
subsections2  7,c7 obta9 damages1       
re/itution1 or o!r comp5sation on behalf
 ( resid5ts ( ! ,/ate2 or  7,d7 obta9   
su* o!r legal & equitable relief z !    
c\rt may consid] to be appropriate4     
7#b7 ,notice ,be=e fil+ an action "u ?is
 subsection1 ! attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 
or ag5cy ( ! ,/ate involv$ %all provide 
to ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission a writt5 
notice ( su* action & a copy ( !        
compla9t = su* action4 ,if ! attorney   
g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy det]m9es t x is
 n feasible to provide ! notice describ$
 9 ?is p>agraph be=e ! fil+ ( ! action1 
! attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy %all
 provide writt5 notice ( ! action & a   
copy ( ! compla9t to ! ,f$]al ,trade    
,commission imm$iately ^u ! fil+ ( !    

action4  7#c7 ,au?ority ( ,f$]al ,trade 
,commission ,on receiv+ notice "u       
p>agraph 7#b7 ( an action "u ?is        
subsection1 ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission 
%all h ! "r--  7,a7 to int]v5e 9 !      
action2  7,b7 ^u s int]v5+1 to be he>d  
on all matt]s aris+ !re92 &  7,c7 to    
file petitions = appeal4  7#d7 ,rule (  
con/ruction ,= purposes ( br++ a civil  
action "u ?is subsection1 no?+ 9 ?is    
,act %all be con/ru$ to prev5t an       
attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy ( a   
,/ate f ex]cis+ ! p[]s conf]r$ on !     
attorney g5]al1 (ficial1 or ag5cy by !  
laws ( su* ,/ate to conduct             
inve/igations1 adm9i/] oa?s &           
affirmations1 or compel ! att5dance (   
witnesses or ! production ( docum5t>y & 
o!r evid5ce4  7k7 ,rules ( con/ruction2 
preemption2 sev]ability  7#a7 ,no age   
v]ification requir$  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,no?+
 9 ?is ,act may be con/ru$ to require a 
develop] or provid] to-- 7i7 implem5t   
any specific age v]ification1 age       
e/imation1 or age assurance measures or 

te*nologies2 or  7ii7 collect1 reta91 or
 process any p]sonal in=mation t !      
develop] or provid] does n o!rwise      
collect1 reta91 process1 or h a "r to   
access or use1 = purposes unrelat$ to   
?is ,act4  7,b7 ,consid]ation ( exi/+   
in=mation ,no?+ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 may  
be con/ru$ to relieve a develop] or     
provid] ( ! obligation to consid] !     
in=mation describ$ 9 section #c7e77;,b7 
:5 det]m9+ :e!r a us] is a m9or =       
purposes ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,relation%ip 
to ,/ate law  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z   
provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 ! provisions
 ( ?is ,act %all preempt any law1 rule1 
requirem5t1 or regulation ( a ,/ate1 or 
a political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 only 
to ! ext5t t su* law1 rule1 requirem5t1 
or regulation conflicts ) a provision ( 
?is ,act4  7,b7 ,exception ,not)/&+     
subp>agraph 7,a71 no?+ 9 ?is ,act1      
includ+ te*nical /&>ds & guidance       
publi%$ pursuant to ?is ,act1 may be    
con/ru$--  7i7 to preempt any law1 rule1
 requirem5t1 or regulation ( a ,/ate1 or

 political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 )     
respect to contract1 tort1 or product   
liability2 or  7ii7 to prohibit a ,/ate1
 or a political subdivision ( a ,/ate1 f
 enact+ or en=c+ any law1 rule1         
requirem5t1 or regulation t provides    
great] protection to m9ors ?an !        
protection provid$ by ! provisions ( ?is
 ,act4  7#c7 ,sev]ability  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,if any clause1 s5t5ce1 p>agraph1      
subdivision1 section1 or "p ( ?is ,act1 
or ! application !re( to any p]son or   
circum/ance1 is adjudg$ by any c\rt (   
compet5t jurisdiction to be invalid or  
un5=ceable1 su* judgm5t %all n affect1  
impair1 or invalidate ! rema9d] ( ?is   
,act1 b %all be conf9$ 9 its op]ation to
 ! clause1 s5t5ce1 p>agraph1            
subdivision1 section1 or "p directly    
involv$ 9 ! controv]sy 9 :i* su* judgm5t
 0 r5d]$4  7,b7 ,section #c7g7 ,ea*     
elem5t ( ! def9ition ( ! t]m            
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ 9 section   
#c7g71 includ+ ea* clause & subclause ( 
subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,c7 ( su*      

section1 is sev]able f ea* o!r          
requirem5t ( su* section4 ,! invalidity 
( any su* requirem5t %all n affect !    
validity ( any o!r requirem5t1 includ+ !
 requirem5ts "u subp>agraph 7,a7 ( su*  
section4  7,c7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !
 s5se ( ,congress t ?is ,act w\ld h be5 
enact$ ev5 if su* invalid provisions _h 
n be5 includ$4  7#d7 ,non-p]sonifi$     
default sett+ ,no?+ 9 section #c7g7 may 
be con/ru$ to--  7,a7 re/rict ! use (   
natural language by a *atbot1 includ+   
fir/ or second p]son gramm>1 polit5ess1 
w>m? ( tone1 humor1 age-appropriate     
vocabul>y1 or accurate /atem5ts reg>d+ !
 capabilities & limitations ( ! *atbot2 
or  7,b7 prohibit a *atbot f--  7i7     
express+ conc]n = ! safety ( a us]2     
7ii7 provid+ age-appropriate safety     
res\rces2  7iii7 enc\rag+ a us] to seek 
help f a p>5t1 tru/$ adult1 or          
pr(essional2 or  7iv7 portray+1 at !    
reque/ ( a us]1 a cle>ly fictional or   
hi/orical "* = an educational or        
creative purpose1 provid$ t section     

#c7g77;,a7 is satisfi$ & clauses 7ii7   
?r\gh 7v7 ( section #c7g77;,b7 are      
satisfi$ ) respect to ! us]4  7l7       
,effective date ,subsections 7a71 7b71  
7d71 & 7e7 %all take effect on ! date t 
is "o ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3    
7#a7 ,au?oriz$ educator  7,a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! t]m au?oriz$ educator means an       
individual employ$ or engag$ by an      
educational ag5cy or in/itution :o1 )9 !
 scope ( su* employm5t & "u !           
adm9i/rative control ( ! educational    
ag5cy or in/itution1 is p]mitt$ by !    
in/itution to configure or adju/ !      
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ )9 a        
s*ool-manag$ deploym5t4  7,b7 ,exclusion
 ,su* t]m does n include su* an         
individual ^: /atus z an educator is    
self-atte/$ ?r\gh *atbot int]action4    
7#b7 ,*atbot  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m      
*atbot means any s(tw>e application t-- 
7i7 g5]ates responses t are n fully     
pr$et]m9$2 &  7ii7 accepts op5-end$1    
natural-language1 or multimodal us]     

input & produces adaptive or            
context-responsive output4  7,b7        
,exclusion ,su* t]m does n include !    
foll[+ s(tw>e applications3  7i7 ,a     
s(tw>e application t-- 7,i7 g5]ates     
responses t are limit$ to a pr$et]m9$ or
 n>r[ly b\nd$ set ( subject matt]1      
includ+--  7aa7 cu/om] s]vice2  7bb7    
appo9tm5t s*$ul+2 or  7cc7 retrieval (  
in=mation f a def9$ dataset2 &  7,,ii7  
is unable to engage 9 op5-end$ dialogue 
on a range ( topics outside ( su* n>r[  
specifi$ purpose4  7ii7 ,a s(tw>e       
application t is made available         
exclusively to an ent]prise1 pr(essional
 practice1 or in/itution = use by its   
employees1 contractors1 or o!r p]sonnel 
9 connection ) ! "w ( su* employees1    
contractors1 or o!r p]sonnel1 & is n    
made available to individual consum]s4  
7#c7 ,develop] ,! t]m develop] means an 
entity t designs1 codes1 tra9s1         
f9e-tunes1 or sub/antially modifies an  
artificial intellig5ce *atbot4  7#d7    
,educational ag5cy or in/itution ,! t]m 

educational ag5cy or in/itution means   
any public or private ag5cy or          
in/itution to :i* funds h be5 made      
available by ! ,secret>y ( ,education   
t-- 7,a7 provides educational s]vices or
 in/ruction1 or bo?1 to /ud5ts2 or  7,b7
 is au?oriz$ to direct & control public 
elem5t>y or second>y1 or po/second>y    
educational in/itutions4  7#e7 ,kn[s or 
has reason to "k  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m  
kn[s or has reason to "k1 ) respect to  
:e!r a us] is a m9or1 means t a develop]
 or provid]--  7i7 has actual k t ! us] 
is a m9or2 or  7ii7 possesses1 has a "r 
( access to or use (1 or g5]ates        
in=mation describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 ! 
totality ( :i* w\ld lead a reasonable   
develop] or provid] to det]m9e t ! us]  
is likely to be a m9or4  7,b7 ,in=mation
 describ$ ,! in=mation describ$ 9 ?is   
subp>agraph is all in=mation & inf]5ces 
relat+ to ! age ( an individual t !     
develop] or provid] possesses1 has a "r 
( access to or use (1 or g5]ates1 f any 
s\rce1 includ+-- 7i7 ! age provid$ by ! 

us] 9 connection ) ! acc\nt2  7ii7 !    
self-id5tifi$ age ( ! us] 9 any *at or  
int]action to :i* ! develop] or provid] 
possesses a "r ( access or use2  7iii7  
any age ! develop] or provid] attributes
 to or associates ) ! us] = any purpose1
 includ+ m>ket+1 adv]tis+1 audi5ce      
measurem5t1 or product developm5t2  7iv7
 any age det]m9ation1 e/imation1 or     
assurance result ! develop] or provid]  
obta9s1 g5]ates1 or receives to comply )
 any o!r ,f$]al or ,/ate law or         
regulation1 or ) ! t]ms ( any plat=m or 
s]vice ?r\gh :i* ! *atbot is di/ribut$2 
&  7v7 any age-relat$ in=mation obta9$  
by ! develop] or provid] 9 ! c\rse (    
adm9i/]+ a prohibition describ$ 9       
section #b7;f77#c77;,a77i7 or section   
#b7;f77#d77;,a77i74  7,c7 ,rule (       
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is p>agraph may be 
con/ru$ to require a develop] or provid]
 to beg9 access+ or collect+ any us]    
in=mation or data to :i* ! develop] or  
provid] does n h access1 or does n      
o!rwise collect1 = purposes n relat$ to 

?is ,act4  7#f7 ,m9or ,! t]m m9or means 
an individual "u ! age ( #ah4  7#g7     
,non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ ,! t]m     
non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ means an    
op]ational sett+ ( a *atbot t ensures ! 
*atbot-- 7,a7 cle>ly & conspicu\sly     
id5tifies itself z an artificial        
intellig5ce sy/em & n z a human be+--   
7i7 at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* session2  7ii7
 p]iodically dur+ any ext5d$ int]action2
 &  7iii7 9 response to any inquiry by !
 us]2  7,b7 is configur$1 :e!r ?r\gh    
tra9+1 f9e-tun+1 rew>d optimization1    
sy/em-level in/ructions1 int]face       
design1 or o!rwise1 s t x does n--  7i7 
repres5t1 expressly or by implication1 9
 a mann] t a reasonable m9or w\ld und]/&
 z convey+1 t ! *atbot-- 7,i7 is human  
or alive2  7,,ii7 has a body or a life  
outside its int]actions ) us]s2  7,,iii7
 has consci\sness1 feel+s1 emotions1 or 
desires2 or  7,,iv7 is act+ 9 ! capacity
 ( a lic5s$ or cr$5tial$ pr(essional2   
7ii7 simulate1 expressly or by          
implication1 9 a mann] t a reasonable   

m9or w\ld und]/& z convey+1 an emotional
 atta*m5t or a p]sonal1 romantic1 or    
sexual relation%ip ) ! us]1 includ+ by--
  7,i7 portray+ itself z a fri5d1       
romantic p>tn]1 family memb]1 or !rapi/2
  7,,ii7 enc\rag+ ! us] to rely on x =  
emotional support or social connection2 
7,,iii7 express+ affection = or atta*m5t
 to ! us]2 or  7,,iv7 claim+ a special  
or unique und]/&+ ( ! us]2  7iii7 prompt
 ! us] to return to ! *atbot =          
companion%ip or emotional support2  7iv7
 use expressions ( disappo9tm5t1 guilt1 
or urg5cy to prolong an int]action or   
disc\rage ! us] f paus+1 r$uc+1 or      
discont9u+ use ( ! *atbot2 or  7v7      
solicit exp5ditures t are fram$ z       
necess>y to ma9ta9 an emotional atta*m5t
 or a p]sonal1 romantic1 or sexual      
relation%ip2 &  7,c7 ma9ta9s !          
*>act]i/ics describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7
 & 7,b7 dur+ ea* session & across       
sessions1 includ+ 9 response to any us] 
prompt or reque/ t ! *atbot alt] its    
op]ational sett+s or behave 9 a mann]   

inconsi/5t ) subp>agraph 7,a7 or 7,b74  
7#h7 ,op]ational sett+ ,! t]m op]ational
 sett+ means a di/9ct configuration ( a 
*atbot t det]m9es ! p]sona1             
self-repres5tation1 & int]action        
behavior ( ! *atbot & t a provid] c     
activate or deactivate = a us]          
indep5d5tly ( any o!r su* configuration4
  7#i7 ,provid] ,! t]m provid] means an 
entity t makes an artificial intellig5ce
 *atbot available to end us]s1 :e!r     
directly or ?r\gh integration into ano!r
 product or s]vice1 & t--  7,a7 controls
 us]-fac+ functions ( ! deploym5t1      
includ+-- 7i7 acc\nt creation2  7ii7    
access control2 or  7iii7 us]-fac+      
sett+s2 or  7,b7 det]m9es ! mode 9 :i* !
 *atbot op]ates = end us]s1 reg>dless ( 
:e!r su* entity develop$ ! *atbot4      
7#aj7 ,s*ool-manag$ deploym5t ,! t]m    
s*ool-manag$ deploym5t means a          
configuration 9 :i* a *atbot is made    
available to "o or m m9or us]s ?r\gh    
acc\nts t are provision$1 adm9i/]$1 &   
controll$ by an educational ag5cy or    

in/itution 7or by an au?oriz$ educator  
act+ on behalf ( ! educational ag5cy or 
in/itution71 by means ( in/itutional    
adm9i/rative controls1 = use 9          
connection ) ! educational program ( !  
in/itution4 ,su* t]m does n include a   
*atbot acc\nt creat$1 controll$1 or     
access$ by a m9or us] indep5d5tly ( an  
educational ag5cy or in/itution4  7#aa7 
,te*nical /&>d ,! t]m te*nical /&>d has 
! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section          
#ab7;d77#e7 ( ! ,national ,te*nology    
,transf] & ,advancem5t ,act ( #aiie 7#ae
 ,u4,s4,c4 #bgb note74  7#ab7 ,p>5tal   
controls framework ,! t]m p>5tal        
controls framework means a sy/em (      
te*nical & proc$ural controls t enable a
 *atbot provid] to reasonably confirm t 
! non-p]sonifi$ default sett+ ( ! acc\nt
 ( a m9or us] is manag$ by a p>5t or    
legal gu>dian ( su* us]4  7#ac7 ,d>k    
patt]n ,! t]m d>k patt]n means a us]    
int]face design$ or manipulat$ ) !      
sub/antial effect ( subv]t+ or impair+  
us] autonomy1 decision-mak+1 or *oice4