,,ia  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,j4 ,,res4 #fg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(  
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #c1 #bjbe,mr4    
,gre5 ( ,texas 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,cleav]1
 ,mrs4 ,mc,iver1 ,ms4 ,norton1 & ,mr4   
,jackson ( ,ill9ois7 submitt$ ! foll[+  
jo9t resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !      
,committee on ,ov]sight & ,gov]nm5t     
,re=m  ,,jo9t ,,resolution  ,support+ ! 
designation ( ,augu/ z ,slav]y          
,remembrance ,mon?1 to s]ve z a rem9d] (
 ! evils ( slav]y1 its cont9u+ effects1 
& ! fre$om fight]s :o f\ght to end ?is  
horrific crime aga9/ humanity4  ,:]eas  
?is resolution may be cit$ z ! ,orig9al 
,slav]y ,remembrance ,mon? ,resolution2 
,:]eas x 0 dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/ 9 ! ye> 
#afai1 t ! enslavem5t ( ,african p 9 !  
,am]ican colonies de/9$ to become !     
,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica occurr$2 ,:]eas 
! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate    
recognize ,augu/ z ,slav]y ,remembrance 
,mon? & commemorate ! lives ( all       
enslav$ p :ile also condemn+ !          
p]petration & p]petuation ( slav]y 9 !  

,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica & across ! _w2  
,:]eas ! foll[+ ,memb]s ( ,congress are 
po/hum\sly recogniz$1 individuals :o    
s]v$ dur+ & aft] ! ,recon/ruction ,era1 
z honor>y cosponsors ( ?is resolution3 !
 ,honorable ,joseph ,hayne ,ra9ey       
7,,sc-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgj  
to #ahgi2 ,jeff]son ,frankl9 ,long      
7,,ga-#jd71 ,memb] ( ,congress f ,janu>y
 #ahga to ,m>* #ahga2 ,rob]t ,c>los ,de 
,l>ge 7,,sc-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f  
#ahga to #ahgc2 ,rob]t ,br[n ,elliott   
7,,sc-#c71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to
 #ahgd2 ,b5jam9 ,/]l+ ,turn] 7,,al-#ja71
 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to #ahgc2   
,josiah ,?omas ,walls 7,,fl-,at ,l>ge71 
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to #ahgf2    
,alonzo ,jacob ,ransi] 7,,sc-#jb71      
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc to #ahge2    
,ri*>d ,h>vey ,ca9 7,,sc-,at ,l>ge71    
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc to #ahge &   
#ahgg to #ahgi2 ,john ,roy ,lyn*        
7,,ms-#jf71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc  
to #ahgg & #ahhb to #ahhc2 ,james ,?omas
 ,rapi] 7,,al-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f

 #ahgc to #ahge2 ,j]emiah ,h>alson      
7,,al-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge  
to #ahgg2 ,john ,adams ,hyman           
7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge  
to #ahgg2 ,rob]t ,smalls 7,,sc-#jg71    
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge to #ahgi &   
#ahhb to #ahhc & #ahhd to #ahhg2 ,james 
,edw>d ,o',h>a 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (     
,congress f #ahhc to #ahhg2 ,h5ry       
,plumm] ,*ea?am 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (    
,congress f #ahhi to #ahic2 ,john ,m]c] 
,lang/on 7,,va-#jd71 ,memb] ( ,congress 
f #ahij to #ahia2 ,?omas ,ezekiel       
,mill]1 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahij to   
#ahia2 ,george ,wa%+ton ,murray         
7,,sc-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahic  
to #ahie & #ahif to #ahig2 & ,george    
,h5ry ,:ite 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (        
,congress f #ahig to #aija2 ,:]eas !re  
are sem9al mom5ts 9 ! annals ( "t t     
affect ! re/ ( "t2 ,:]eas1 dur+ ! mon? (
 ,augu/ 9 ! ye> #afai1 a s9ful sem9al   
mom5t 9 "t occurr$ t invidi\sly sculpts 
& %amefully yet haunts ! ,unit$ ,/ates (
 ,am]ica2 ,:]eas ,augu/ #bj1 #afai1     

became a sem9al mom5t 9 "t :5 ! fir/ #bj
 enslav$ ,africans 7 br\ght aga9/ _! w  
to :at 0 !n ,po9t ,com=t1 n[ ,=t        
,monroe1 9 ,hampton1 ,virg9ia1 & =c$    
into *attel slav]y2 ,:]eas all1 includ+ 
,africans1 :o captur$1 enslav$1 & sold  
captives to transatlantic slave trad]s  
are condemn$ = _! p]petration &         
p]petuation ( ! evils ( enslavem5t2     
,:]eas1 ov] ! p]iod ( ! ,atlantic slave 
trade1 f approximately #aebf to #ahfg1  
millions ( humans 7 abduct$ & %ipp$ f   
,africa1 & approximately #aj1gjj1jjj    
arriv$ 9 ! ,am]icas z p]sonal prop]ty2  
,:]eas ! majority ( enslav$ ,africans   
br\ght to ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica arriv$  
betwe5 #agbj & #aghj2 ,:]eas ab\t #f    
p]c5t ( ,african captives 7 s5t directly
 to ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica2 ,:]eas1 by   
#ahbe1 9 :at has be5 call$ ! ,new ,_w1 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates includ$ ab\t #be p]c5t p 
( ,african desc5t2 ,:]eas ! deadly1     
wick$ ,middle ,passage f ,we/ ,africa to
 ! ,we/ ,indies 0 dang]\s & horrific =  
enslav$ p2 ,:]eas mo!rs1 fa!rs1 *ildr51 

si/]s1 bro!rs1 aunts1 uncles1 c\s9s1 z  
well z p f all walks ( life1 includ+    
artisans1 traditional heal]s1 spiritual 
lead]s1 agriculturi/s1 arti/s1 *efs1    
blacksmi?s1 m]*ants1 & educators1       
surviv$ ! wick$ ,middle ,passage only to
 suff] ! evils ( slav]y 9 ! ,am]icas2   
,:]eas1 accord+ to "s hi/orians1 ab\t   
#ab p]c5t ( ! enslav$ p :o emb>k$ did n 
survive ! voyage2 ,:]eas %>ks h be5 said
 to h foll[$ ! slave %ips to fe$ on     
bodies ( slaves ?r[n ov]bo>d2 ,:]eas1   
al?\gh ! enslav$ sexes 7 sep>at$1 m51   
wom51 & *ildr5 7 (t5 kept nak$1 pack$   
close toge!r1 & ! m5 7 *a9$ = long      
p]iods2 ,:]eas enslav$ p suff]$ a v>iety
 ( mis]able & (t5 fatal maladies z a    
result ( be+ subject$ to inhumane liv+ &
 work+ conditions2 ,:]eas infant & *ild 
mortality rates 7 twice z high among    
enslav$ *ildr5 z among ,s\!rn ,:ite     
*ildr52 ,:]eas enslav$ p (t5 work$ f    
be=e sunup to aft] sund[n1 #f to #g days
 a week1 (t5 )\t suffici5t food2 ,:]eas 
enslav$ ,black families liv$ ) !        

p]petual1 dreadful fe> ( sep>ation caus$
 by ! depravity ( #a or m family memb]s 
be+ sold2 ,:]eas x is e/imat$ t         
approximately "o-?ird ( enslav$ *ildr5 9
 ! upp] ,s\!rn ,/ates ( ,m>yl& &        
,virg9ia exp]i5c$ family sep>ation ?r\gh
 ! sale ( p>5ts1 includ+ ! sale ( mo!rs 
or fa!rs away f *ildr52 ,:]eas _m ( !   
enslav$1 lib]at$ enslav$1 fre$1 &       
abolitioni/s h n receiv$ _! righte\s    
/atus 9 hi/ory z fre$om fight]s2 ,:]eas 
,pr9ce ,hall1 a ,black fre$man1 liv$ 9  
colonial ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 circa   
#agce to #ahjg2 ,:]eas ,pr9ce ,hall 0 an
 ard5t pione] abolitioni/1 human rights 
activi/1 & fre$om fight] :o prec$$      
,soj\rn] ,tru?1 ,john ,br[n1 ,nat       
,turn]1 & ,h>riet ,tubman dur+ !        
,am]ican ,revolution>y p]iod2 ,:]eas1 9 
#agge1 aft] be+ d5i$ by an all-,:ite    
,masonic lodge1 fre$om fight] ,pr9ce    
,hall & #ad o!r free ,black fre$om      
fight]s =m$ _! own lodge2 ,:]eas fre$om 
fight] ,pr9ce ,hall 0 elect$ z ! lead]1 
or ,wor%ipful ,ma/]1 )9 ! newly =m$     

,african ,lodge #a1 lat] r5am$ ,african 
,lodge ,no4 #dei2 ,:]eas because ( ?is  
action ! fre$om fight] ,pr9ce ,hall is  
also r5[n$ z ! ,fa!r ( ,black           
,freemasonry2 ,:]eas ,pr9ce ,hall       
,freemasonry is ! olde/ human rights    
frat]nity 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1  
pr$at+ ! ,nation's f\nd+2 ,:]eas ,pr9ce 
,hall ,masons advocat$ = racial uplift1 
education1 & improv+ ! condition (      
,black p 9 ,am]ica2 ,:]eas ! fre$om     
fight] ,nat ,turn] 0 born into slav]y 9 
,s\?ampton ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 9 #ahjj2   
,:]eas ,s\?ampton ,c\nty 0 home to _m   
plantations1 & enslav$ p outnumb]$ free 
,:ites2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,turn]     
le>n$ to read & write at a "y age1      
becom+ deeply religi\s2 ,:]eas fre$om   
fight] ,turn] 0 sold to sev]al diff]5t  
ma/]s ov] ! c\rse ( 8 life1 ! la/ "t 9  
#ahcj2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,turn]      
prea*$ to fell[ enslav$ p1 develop+ a   
loyal foll[+2 ,:]eas fre$om fight]      
,turn] began plann+ a revolt ) a few    
tru/$ fell[ enslav$ m5 f neighbor+      

plantations2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,turn]
 l$ a lib]ation rebellion beg9n+ 9      
,augu/ #ahca1 quickly gr[+ f a small    
h&ful ( enslav$ p to m ?an #gj enslav$ &
 free ,blacks2 ,:]eas ! lib]ators w5t f 
h\se to h\se 9 ,s\?ampton ,c\nty1 free+ 
enslav$ p2 ,:]eas ! lib]ators 7         
ultimately defeat$ by a ,/ate militia t 
_h ov] twice _! manp[]1 ) #c artill]y   
companies re9=c+ x2 ,:]eas fre$om fight]
 ,turn] 0 captur$ #f weeks aft] !       
lib]ation rebellion 0 put d[n1 :]eupon  
he 0 promptly convict$ & s5t5c$ to dea?2
 ,:]eas1 9 retaliation = ! lib]ation    
upris+1 ,virg9ia (ficially execut$ #ef  
,black p1 ) at lea/ #ajj m kill$ by     
militias ?r\gh extrajudicial viol5ce2   
,:]eas ! lib]ation rebellion caus$      
widespread panic among slavehold]s      
?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 result+ 9 widespread    
viol5ce aga9/ def5seless enslav$ p2     
,:]eas1 9 ! wake ( ! lib]ation          
rebellion1 ! ,virg9ia ,g5]al ,assembly  
pass$ legislation mak+ x illegal to tea*
 enslav$ or free ,blacks to read &      

write2 ,:]eas ! ,und]gr\nd ,railroad 0 a
 lib]ation network ( fre$om fight]s :o  
help$ ar\nd #ajj1jjj enslav$ p escape to
 fre$om 9 ! ,nor?2 ,:]eas ! lib]ation   
,und]gr\nd ,railroad began :5 a fre$om  
fight] conductor (t5 pos+ z an enslav$  
p]son w\ld ent] a plantation & attempt  
to guide runaways2 ,:]eas lib]at$       
escapees w\ld travel #aj to #bj miles   
ea* night betwe5 safe h\ses or /ations  
to avoid detection1 wait+ 9 safe h\ses =
 ! next fre$om fight] along ! l9e to be 
al]t$ to _! pres5ce2 ,:]eas fre$om      
fight]s support+ escapees at ea* /ation 
7_m ( :om 7 ,:ite71 knew only ( local   
ef=ts & n ! entire lib]ation op]ation2  
,:]eas ,h>riet ,tubman1 born ,aram9ta   
,ross1 liv$ z an enslav$ p]son ?r\gh h] 
"y life :]e %e endur$ regul> :ipp+s &   
suff]$ a traumatic head injury at ! h&s 
( an ov]se] enslav]1 :i* caus$          
n>coleptic episodes & migra9es ?r\gh\t  
h] life2 ,:]eas fre$om fight]_/lib]ator 
,tubman escap$ f slav]y along !         
lib]ation ,und]gr\nd ,railroad1 !       

network ( abolitioni/ fre$om fight]s :o 
guid$ ! lib]at$ to ! ,nor? travel+      
prim>ily at night to avoid b\nty hunt]  
enslav]s2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,tubman  
return$ to ! ,s\? no less ?an #ac times 
to lib]ate #gj enslav$ p1 includ+ mu* ( 
h] family1 = :i* %e w\ld be giv5 ! "n   
,moses2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,tubman    
deftly l$ ^? %e lib]at$ ,nor? dur+ !    
fall & w9t]1 :5 w\ld-be enslav] captors 
w\ld /ay inside to avoid ! cold2 ,:]eas1
 9 fre$om fight] ,tubman's own words1 ,i
 nev] ran my tra9 (f ! track & ,i nev]  
lo/ a pass5g]2 ,:]eas1 dur+ ! ,civil    
,w>1 fre$om fight] ,tubman s]v$ z a     
nurse1 sc\t1 & spy 9 ! ,union army1     
becom+ ! fir/ woman to plan & lead a    
milit>y op]ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1     
lib]at+ #gjj enslav$ p 9 ! slave ,/ate  
,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,:]eas1 lat] 9 life1      
fre$om fight] ,tubman cont9u$ work+ to  
improve ! lives ( oppress$ p1 rais+     
funds = & build+ s*ools & a hospital 9 !
 "n ( =m]ly enslav$ p :ile p>ticipat+ 9 
! wom5's suffrage movem5t2 ,:]eas fre$om

 fight] ,john ,br[n1 a ,:ite abolitioni/
 :o ran an important /op on ! lib]ation 
,und]gr\nd ,railroad1 d$icat$ 8 life to 
end+ slav]y2 ,:]eas fre$om fight] ,john 
,br[n lead a militia 9 gu]rilla attacks 
on proslav]y t[ns 9 ,kansas1 los+ "o ( 8
 sons 9 ! lib]ation /ruggle2 ,:]eas     
,br[n1 ) ! help ( fre$om fight] ,h>riet 
,tubman1 plann$ & organiz$ a lib]ation  
invasion ( ! ,s\? to lib]ate all slaves2
 ,:]eas ,br[n began 8 lib]ation invasion
 at ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 b 0    
surr\nd$ & captur$ by ,f$]al troops l$  
by enslav] ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee1 los+ #b m   
sons 9 ! fight+2 ,:]eas ! #ac? ,am5dm5t 
to ! ,con/itution 0 pass$ by ,congress  
on ,janu>y #ca1 #ahfe1 & ratifi$ on     
,decemb] #f1 #ahfe1 & provides t ,nei!r 
slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 except z
 a puni%m5t = crime :]e( ! p>ty %all h  
be5 duly convict$1 %all exi/ )9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 or any place subject to _!     
jurisdiction42 ,:]eas1 beg9n+ 9 ! #bj?  
c5tury1 ,african ,am]icans began to     
relocate f ,s\!rn f>ms to ,s\!rn cities1

 f ! ,s\? to ! ,nor!a/1 ,midwe/1 & ,we/1
 9 a movem5t kn[n z ! ,great ,migration2
 ,:]eas ! relocation ( =m]ly enslav$ p &
 _! desc5dants also includ$ unfavorable1
 & at times unju/1 int]actions ) law    
en=cem5t t (t5 result$ 9 imprisonm5t &  
convict leas+2 ,:]eas convict leas+1    
slav]y by ano!r "n1 0 a sy/em t all[$   
prisons to lease imprison$ p to private 
entities1 (t5 corporations &            
plantations2 ,:]eas ! rema9s ( #ie      
p]sons1 ?\ght to be ( ,african ance/ry1 
:o 7 subject$ to ! convict leas+ sy/em 9
 ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 7 discov]$ 9 #bjah at
 ! con/ruction site ( ! ,james ,reese   
,c>e] & ,te*nical ,c5t] ( ! ,=t ,b5d    
,indep5d5t ,s*ool ,di/rict 9 ,sug> ,l&1 
,texas2 ,:]eas1 :ile slav]y 0 aboli%$1  
desc5dants ( ! enslav$ cont9ue to live )
 ! effects ( slav]y's prog5ies1 includ+ 
convict leas+1 ,black codes1 ,jim ,cr[  
laws1 mass lyn*+1 lawful segregation1   
police brutality1 mass inc>c]ation1 &   
in/itutionaliz$ invidi\s discrim9ation  
7racism72 & ,:]eas1 despite ! horrors ( 

slav]y & aga9/ all odds1 enslav$ p      
became ?\ght lead]s & revolution>ies &  
*ang$ ! c\rse ( ,am]ican hi/ory3 ,n[1   
!re=e1 be x  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is       
resolution may be cit$ z ! ,orig9al     
,slav]y ,remembrance ,mon? ,resolution4 
#b4 ,slav]y ,remembrance ,mon? ,t !     
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate--    
7#a7 supports ! annual designation ( a  
,slav]y ,remembrance ,mon? to s]ve z a  
rem9d] ( ! evils ( slav]y1 its cont9u+  
effects1 & ! fre$om fight]s :o f\ght to 
end ?is horrific crime aga9/ humanity2  
7#b7 condemn slav]y & its evil prog5ies1
 includ+-- 7,a7 convict leas+2  7,b7    
,black codes2  7,c7 ,jim ,cr[ laws2     
7,d7 mass lyn*+2  7,e7 lawful           
segregation2  7,f7 police brutality2    
7,g7 mass inc>c]ation2 &  7,h7          
in/itutionaliz$ invidi\s discrim9ation2 
7#c7 enc\rage all to ackn[l$ge !        
importance ( slav]y remembrance2 &  7#d7
 au?orizes & reque/s ! ,presid5t to     
issue a proclamation call+ ^u ! p ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates to obs]ve su* mon? )      

appropriate c]emonies & activities4